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CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

FLEX Course Material

Introduce Engineering
Geology
Explain the importance of
Geology in the field of
Civil Engineering
Discuss the different
branches of Geology

GEOLOGY FOR
ENGINEERS

INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING
GEOLOGY

ENGR. FRANZ D. SANTOS

FACULTY, COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
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 FOCAL POINTS

GEOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS

(CEGLGY20)
3RD TERM, A.Y. 2022 - 2023
Tue/Fri 3:00 PM – 5:40 PM
CIV214
2 CREDIT UNITS
(2 hours 40 mins per week)

Grade Computation

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Periodical Exam : 40%
Class Standing : 60%
❑Quiz 60%
❑Homework 20%
❑*Research/Presentation 20%
INSIDE Final Rating = 50% Midterm Grade + 50%
Final Term Grade
❑NOTE: Exams, Quizzes, Seatworks
and Assignments are all based 0.
❑Passing Grade: 60
 Table of Contents

Overview
1 Course Requirements
2 Introduction to Geology
3 Geology in Civil Engineering
4 Branches of Geology

Reference Books
•Engineering and General Geology by P. Singh
•Engineering Geology for Civil Engineers by P.
C. Varghese
•Geology and Engineering by Legeet

❑Geotechnical Engineering by B. M. Das

❑Applied Hydrology by C. W. Fetter
❑Groundwater Hydrology by Todd and Mays

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 ✓Is the science of the
earth.

✓Application of basic
sciences to the earth.
✓Deals with the study of origin, age,
interior structure, and history of
earth.
✓Evolution and modification of
various surface features like rivers,
mountains and Lakes.

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GEOLOGIST
✓ Earth scientists that work with rocks and the natural
processes associated with rocks.
✓ They also study rock formations and how they are
created, what leads to rocks being and the natural
processes that shape our world.
✓ They may examine how natural processes affect
rocks such as river formation, for example, and how
natural environment is affected by rocks.

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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEER
✓ Are engineers with a geological background whose
expertise is to use that knowledge to design
buildings and structural foundations that adhere to
the area's geological offerings.
✓ Research and study soil to evaluate its suitability for
foundations and materials.

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GEODETIC ENGINEER
✓ Collects and measures spatial data on the surface of
the earth using appropriate technologies and precision
instruments.
✓ Applies scientific and methodological processing and
management of gathered data in producing spatial
information systems, maps, plans, charts, and other
relevant documents.

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ENGINEERING GEOLOGIST
✓ Responsible for identifying the geological factors that
could affect construction projects.
✓ They analyze ground materials to assess their risk
factors and advise on the best procedures for
developments and the suitability of construction
materials.
✓ Runs tests and surveys, collects samples and
performs ground assessments

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➢ Engineering geology is the application of geology
in design, construction and performance of civil
engineering works (Bindusara).

➢ Applied sciences which deals with the application

of geology for a safe, stable land economical
design and construction of a civil engineering
project (Elayaiyarasu).
OBJECTIVES OF
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
1. CIVIL ENGINEERS
- understand the engineering
applications of certain site
conditions related to the area
of construction.
2. GEOLOGIST
- understand the nature of
geological information that is
essential for the safe design
and construction of a civil
engineering project.
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 SCOPE OF ENGINEERING
GEOLOGY
✓ Geology provides necessary information about the
construction materials at the site.

✓ Geological information is most important in planning

stage, design phase and construction phase of an
engineering project.

✓ Before constructing roads, bridges, tunnels, tanks,

reservoirs and buildings, selection of site is important
from the point of stability of foundation.

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 IMPORTANCE OF
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
✓ Geology provides a systematic knowledge of
construction materials and their properties.
✓ Interpretation of landforms and earth processes to
identify potential geologic and related man-made
hazards that may impact civil structures and human
development.
✓ The knowledge of ground water is necessary in
connection with excavation works, water supply,
irrigation and many other purposes.

✓ The knowledge of Erosion, Transportation and

Deposition (ETD) by surface water helps in soil
conservation, river control.
✓ If the geological features like faults, joints, beds, folds
are found, it needs to be suitably treated. Hence, the
stability of the rock structures is important.
✓ It helps to identify areas susceptible to failure due to
geological hazards.
✓ The foundation problems of dams, bridges and buildings
are directly related with geology of the area where they
are to be built.
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➢ This is also called as Dynamic geology or
Geomorphology.
➢ Deals with the different Physical features of
the earth such as Mountain, rivers, lakes,
glaciers and volcanoes.
➢ It also deals with different changes occurs on
earth surface like marine, formation or
disappearance of rivers, spring and lakes.
➢ Geological works of wind, glaciers, river,
oceans, ground water and their role in
constantly molding of earth surface.

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➢ Deals with the study of minerals.
➢ Talks about the detailed mode of formation,
composition, occurrence, types, properties
and uses of the minerals found in the earth.

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➢ Deals with the study of rocks.
➢ The earth crust is also called as lithosphere,
is made of different types of rocks.
➢ Petrology deals with the formation,
structure, texture, composition, occurrence,
and types of rocks formed in the earth.

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➢ The rocks, which from the earths crust,
undergo various deformations, dislocations
and disturbances under the influence of
tectonic forces.
➢ The details of mode of formation, causes,
types, classification, importance of these
geological structures from the subject matter
of structural geology.

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➢ The climatic and geological changes
including tectonic events in the geological
past can also be known from these
investigations.
➢ This kind of study of the earth’s history
through the sedimentary rock is called
historical geology.

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➢ The prosperity of a nation depends to a large
extent of rich reserves of economical
minerals deposit.
➢ It deals with the mode of formation,
occurrence, classification, association,
varieties and concentration, properties and
uses of minerals related to economic
importance.
➢ Some of the economic minerals like talc,
graphite, mica, asbestos, gypsum, magnetite
and diamond are useful as row materials in
some industries.

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➢ This deals with the application of geological
knowledge in the field of mining.
➢ A mining engineer is interested in the mode
of extent of occurrence of ores, their
association, tenor, properties etc.,
➢ It is also necessary to know other physical
parameter like depth, direction (strike),
inclination (dip) thickness and ore bodies.

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➢ The study of physical properties like density
and magnetism of earth.

PURE GEOPHYSICS
▪ Deals with the aspects of the earth as whole.

EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS
▪ Study of the upper layers of the earth (crust)
to solve engineering problems such as
locating oil, gas and groundwater.

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➢ It deals with occurrence, movement and
nature i.e., (quality and quantity) of ground
water in an area.
➢ This branch is closely related to geology
because the very existence movement of
ground water are directly related to porosity ,
permeability, structure, texture and
composition of ground water and under
ground rocks.

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➢ This branch is relatively more recent and
deals with occurrence, distribution,
abundance, mobility, etc. of different
elements on the earth crust.
➢ It is not important from the civil engineering
point of view.

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CAREER IN ENGINEERING
GEOLOGY
➢ Infrastructure Projects as Hydr Power Plant,
Tunnels for railway/transport, Canal, Dam,
reservoir, highways, bridges, buildings, water
treatment plant, land use, environmental
studies etc.
➢ For Mine and Quarry excavations, mine
reclamation.
➢ For coastal engineering, sand replenishment,
sea cliff stability, waterfront development.
➢ For offshore drilling platform, sub sea pipeline
and cables etc.

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