Table of contents

- Standardisation in Business (Overview)

- Types of in-house standards and how to create
them
Training objectives
- Understand the definition of standardisation,
and explain how to develop standardisation.
- Understand the types and configuration items
of in-house standards and explain how to write
each type of standards

I. Standardisation in Business Overview

1. What is standard?
A. Definition of standard
- A standard is guidelines or regulations in
which interested parties have promised to
abide by voluntary agreements for
convenience, safety and efficiency
B. Classification of standards (according to the
enacting entity)
- Standards created by organisations that make
international standards
+) Eg: ISO (International Standardisation
Organisation), IEC (International
Electrotechnical Commission, ITU (International
Telecommunication Union)
- Standards that govern a region are called
Regional standards
+) E.g.: Representively, EN governs Europe
(European Norm)
- The standards that each country has are called
National standards
+) E.g.: KS (in Korea), JIS (In Japan), DIN (in
Germany), NC (in the US)
- The standards in organisations in each country
are called Organisation standards
+) E.g.: ASTM (American Society for Testing
and Materials), ASME (American Society of
Mechanical Engineers)
- Standards created by factories where you work
in are called in-house business standards
2. Internal standards and standardisation in
business
A. In-house business standards
In-house business standards are discipline that
codified all activities within the company in
order to maintain order within the company and
to economically produce excellent and uniform
quality products.
 Company policies
B. In-house standardisation
In-house standardisation refers to organisational
actions / behaviors of company / factory
members setting (establishing) and utilising in-
house standards in the company
 In other words, in-house standardisation refers
to the act of creating standards and strictly /
thoroughly following / complying with the
established standards and constantly revising
them in response to changes in the internal
and external environment
3.Relationship between quality management
system and in-house standardisation
(standardisation in business)
“After establishing a quality management system suitable
for your company, factory situation by considering the size
of the enterprise, industry, products, and employee
capabilities, etc. we establish in-house business standards
as a means to implement the established quality
management system. Then, there is the implementation of
the quality management system based on in-house
business standards, this is called the standardisation in
business”
Quality management system
Establishing a quality management
based on corporate definition

In house standards
Quality management system
implementaion measures

In-house standardisation
Implementation of a quality
management system based on in-
house business standards

“Therefore, quality management system, in-

house business standards, and standardisation in
business are inextricably closely related”

4.Misunderstanding of internal
standardisation (Misconcepts about
standardisation in business)
A. Nothing to do with “me”, only applied to
people who are in charge or in selective fields
B. Not related to the office management
departments only related to tools, equipment,
materials, products
C. Standardisation in business results (in) office
work management and sites process sectors
conforming to a single standard though it
pursues rationality and optimisation
 In-house business standardisation = uniformity
D. In-house business standards need only to be
obeyed without revision. Though in actuality
required those follow-up measures (such as
revision when necessary)
E. It only applies to some members of the
organisation that is quality officers or quality
control departments. While it applies to all
members of the organisation.
F.It is for certification such as KS, and has
nothing to do with actual work execution
(for authentication, irrelevant to work)
5.Conditions for successful standardisation in
business
A. Emphasis by executives on compliance with
standards. Expression of interest / will
“In order to achieve standardisation, the
intention and commitment of management for
compliance with the standards is essential”
B.Enforcement measures such as internal audits
must be secured for compliance with standards
C. Create executable standards. Consider scale,
industry, product, etc.
“The standards must be understandable and
appropriate taking into account the size,
industry and product of the enterprise”
D. Preparation of relevant sector consultations
and exclusion of contradictions between
standards
“When preparing the standards the contents
must be discussed with the relevant
departments so that there is no difference in
contents of the standards”
E. Create standards considering the users
“Standards should be created taking into
account the experience, education and
nationality of the users”
F.Timely revisions if necessary
“The standards being implemented must be
revised in a timely manner when causes for
contents occur”
 Achieving management goals and customer
satisfaction
6.Effects (benefits) of standardisation
Simplication, specialisation, standardisation of
work, procedures, task and products within the
company
A. Refinement of management policies
B. Clarification of responsibilities and authority
C. Providing management standards
D. Preserving and improving technology
E. Rationalisation and effeciency of works / tasks
F. Ensure compatibility
J. Training materials
H. Cost reduction, quality stability and
improvement
7.Disadvantages of standardisation
A. Limit creative thinking (creativity)
Understand and follow established methods
 Limit creative thinking
B. Restrict flexible work / tasks performance (the
way of performing work / tasks)
Understanding and adhering to established
methods
  Restricted usage of various methods of work
and tasks
C. In-house standardisation generating
maintenance c-osts
Expenses incurred to realise in-house
standardisation, such as establishment, review,
approval, production, distribution, education and
training
8.Elements required to vitalise
standardisation in business activities within
the company
A.In-house standardisation needs (customer
satisfaction, customer requirement)
- Motivation for standardisation
B.In-house standardised management system /
process
- In-house standards Establishment
- Revision and management system
C.In-house standardisation developing organisation
(a dedicated governing department)
- A parent / main body that promotes
standardisation
D.In-house standardisation support system
- Support and cooperation from related sectors
 9.In-house standardisation developing order /
the sequence of in-house standardisation
development
A. Determine the internal standard structure
and classificatio system
B. Formation of an in-hosue standardisation
task force team (TFT) (a promotion
organisation is formed)
C. Implementation of in-house
standardisation training and target selection
- An in-house standardisation training is
conducted and a target is selected
D. Establishing an in-house standardisation
developing plan
E. In-house standards creation / review /
approval
F.Register and distribute in-house standards
G. In-house business standardisation training
is conducted
H. Compliance with internal standards
I. Internal standard revision management

II. Types of in-house standards and house to

create them
1.Types of in-house standards
A. Managing standards
a. Regulations
- Regulations are standards that define and apply
policies, organisations, responsibilities and
autthority, and business processing procedures
in relation to the work of each division of an
organisation
b. Rules / laws
- Standards that set detailed business processing
procedures by separating the specific tasks of
the regulations separately to help understand
the regulations and facilitate their application
B.Technical standards
a. Specifications
- Internal standards that determine the
dimensions, shape, and function of materials,
parts, semi-finished products, and finished
products related to product production. It also
determines ways of inspections
b. Standards
- Standards that was established regarding
procedures and methods for performing individual
work, facility maintenance, testing, calibration
related to manufacturing and installation
2. Criteria (considerations) when establishing in-
house business standards
a. The size of the organisation and type of
business
 - The level of detail written in the content of
standards depending on the size of the
organisation and type of business
b. The complexity of the job / task (also related to
the size of the organisation and type of the
business)
- Details / professionals descriptions differ
depending on the complexity of task / job
c. Competencies of organisation members
“In-house business standards are standards that
are written for the members of the organisation
and require compliance, it should be suitable for
the competencies of the members of the
organisation, such as the educational
background, career, experience of the members
of the organisation”
 Must be appropriate to the competencies of the
organisation’s members
3.How to write regulations and rules
Structure of regulations, rules, and bylaws
- Scope of application
- Objective / purpose of tasks performed
- Responsibility and authority
- Procedure
- Record
- Reference / related standards
- Attachment
Scope section
- Scope of application section describes the
target that management standards apply to and
the area of work covered
- Exceptions are described
Purpose section
- Purpose section briefly describes the purpose
of tasks performance or the relevant
management standards, the intention of
regulations, rules and by-laws
- It may also describes the pursuit direction,
inherent needs and the effects to be obtained
by establishing and enforcing relevant
regulations, rules, by-laws.
Definition of term section
- Clearly define terms used in the relevant
management standards, they are required
accurate understanding and prevention of
confusion
Responsibility and authority
- Fully describe the roles in the head of the
governing department and the head of the
relevant department in order to perform the
 tasks specified in the relevant management
standards
Work procedure section
- The actions performed to achieve the tasks of
the corresponding management standards are
described step by step (in order)
- Briefly and clearly describe the procedure in
which they are performed
Record section
- “Records showing the results of the work
performed and specified in the relevant
standards
- Include the form name, form number, the
retention period, and place of retention. In
addition, the retention period of records is set
in consideration of the legal regulation period,
product life and preservation value as a
record.”
- The retention period, place of retention, and
responsibility of the records generated as a
results of the work performed are described
Reference
- Describe the relevant standards quoted in the
text of the related management standard
 - “If the content is too complex and excessive to
describe, it can be described separately”
Examples of regulations and rules

4.How to create quality and inspection standards

(specifications)
- “Quality and inspection standards are
generally prepared for Materials and
Finished products
- Method of writings are descriptive or
summary (inspection criteria)”
- Quality and inspection standards
(specifications) consist of
+) Application scope
+) Type, grade, and testing
+) Quality
+) Inspection and testing
 The composition of the inspection lot
 Inspection items, methods and conditions
 Methods of sample collection
 Test method
 +) Processing after inspection
+) Packing and marking (labelling)
Scope of application
- Description of the scope of use subject to the
quality and inspection standards defined, such
as materials, semi-finished products, or
products.
Type, grade, and name
- The type, grade, and name applied to a
material, semi-products, or product are
described
- It is recommended to use symbols when there
are many types
Quality
- Quality items and itemised quality levels for
materials, semi-finished products, or products
are described
- It also describe quality specifications such as
appearance, shapes, dimensions, mechanical
properties, chemical composition and physical
properties and materials.
Inspection and testing (HARD)
Inspection
- Refers to testing a sample in accordance with
the prescribed (being told to do) methods and
comparing the results with the criteria to
determine whether the law has passed or failed
Testing
- Refers to examining the characteristics of a
sample or specimen
- It is broken down to the composition of the
inspection lot, inspecting criteria methods and
conditions, sample collection methods and test
methods
+) Inspection lot consists of groups of materials
or products manufactured under the same
conditions (inspection lots are used to record, process, and
manage information for quality inspections; display information
about inspecion lot origin; display corresponding information
according to the inspection type; display usage decision for
inspection lot). If
the material or product quality is
stable, we increase the size of the lot and reduce
to the lot if vice versal.
+) Inspection criteria methods and conditions.
The quality characteristics specify in the quality
are designated as inspection criteria. The
inspection method is designated between total
inspection and sampling inspection. When
conducting a sampling inspection, we must
clearly define the type in condition of the
sampling inspection
+) Sample collection methods. The sample
method is defined so that the entire lot can be
presented in the case of a sampling task
+) Testing method describes method such as
investigation measurements and analysis to
obtain the required data from the collected
sample. If the company has its own test standard
or there is KS standards, they will be quoted
Post-inspection processing section
(Processing after inspection)
- Describe how we handle conforming and non-
conforming products
- Pass / fail lots after inspection
Packing and marking
- Necessary to maintain / preserve the quality of
the product
 - It works as insect repellent, insulation,
waterproof and heatproof
- Convenient for transportation, handling and
storage
- There are marks on the products and materials
and there are marks on the containers and
packaging in order to identify products and
materials
Examples of quality and inspection standards
5.How to create a QC process flowchart
A. QC process flowchart
- A document that clearly describes what
characteristics should be managed and
inspected for each sub-unit process to produce
products that meet the specified requirements.
- Identify who manages and inspects process
flow and subunit process characteristics from
material input to final product completion.
A. QC flowchart composition (format)
- Process name: describe the name of the
process and producing KS products
- City symbol (defined by KSA 3002)
- Equipment and materials used in the process
- Management criteria / standards / cycles
 - Inspection criteria / standards / methods
- Responsibility: person who is in charge of
control items and inspection items
- Records
- Related standards (in-house standards that are
applicable to each subunit process)
B.Example of QC flowchart

6.How to write work standards

- A work standard is a document that
specifically defines materials, equipment, work
procedures, work methods, working
conditions, and precautions during work so
 that the relevant work can be performed
efficiently.
- Forms: Sentences, diagrams, photographs
+) sentence type includes narrative or
summary types (preferred by electronic or
automobile industry)
- No requirements for the configuration of work
standards, common components
+) Scope: the scope of work to which the work
standards apply
+) Target quality: quality required at the end of
the process as specified in the relevant work
standard
+) Materials used
+) Equipment and instrument used (stipulate
the work equipment and instruments required
for work in accordance with the relevant work
standards)
+) Work sequence (preparatory work, main
work, finishing work), methods and conditions
(working conditions should be expressed in
numerial terms as possible)
+) Process control (how to control the
managed items, the management cycle, and the
statistical techniques)
+) Qualification requirements for workers
+) Precautions during work (work precautions
describe compliance requirements for work
safety and information necessary to maintain
quality)
+) Emergency handling (the emergency
handling describes how to handle emergencies
in the event of an abnormality in terms of
quality, equipment, safety, etc. during work.
+) Handover and takeover process (handover
and takeover matters are stipulated in the
relevant case, such as shift work)