ASME B18.18.2-2009 [Revision of ASME/ANSI B18.18.2M-1987 (R2005)] Inspection and Quality Assurance for High-Volume Machine Assembly Fasteners AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Ce The American Society of Caen csDate of tsuance: September 25, 2009 ‘This Standard wil be revised when the Society approves the Issuance of a new edition. There will bbe no addenda issued to this edition ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning intezpretations of technical aspects ofthis Standard, Periodically certain actions of the ASME B18 Committee may be published as Cases. Cases and interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http://estools.asme.org as they are issued, ASME I the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engnees ‘This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committe that approved the code ot standard was balanced to assure tha nda om Competent and concered interests have had an opporunity to paticpat, The proposed code or standard mes made ‘uolable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity fr adaltonl public input om industy, academia, regulatory agencies, and the publle-at age. ‘ASME doesnot “approve.” “rat,” or "endorse" any item, constuction, proprietary device, or activity. [ASME does not take any postion with respect tothe vay of any patent right aserted in connection with any ‘tems mentioned in this document, and doesnot undertake to insure anyone ulzing a standard agains laity ot ‘nfngementof any appiabe eters patent nor assumes any such abil, Users fs code o standard are express advised that determination ofthe vaidty of any such patent its andthe risk of infingement of seh Hight, Is etrely tel own responsi, Participation by federal agency representate() or person(s) affliated with industry i not tobe interpreted as goverment or Industry endorsement of hs code or standard {ASME accepts responsibilty fr any thse Interpretations of hls document isued in ecordance withthe established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the Issuance of Interpretations by Individual, No part ofthis document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic revival system or athens, without the prior writen permission ofthe publisher, ‘he American Society of Mechanical Engineers ‘Thee Park Avenue, New York, MY 20036-5990 Copyright © 2009 by ‘THE ANERICAW SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS lights resewed Printed in USA,CONTENTS Foreword Committee Roster ....... Correspondence With the BIS Committee 1. General Information 2 _ Fasteners for High-Volume Machine Assembly Applications Figure 1 Basic Plan Outline Tables 1 ial npection — Machine Assembled and Other Special Purpose Fasten — Nondestructive Tests . a 2 Sample Size Nonmandatory Appendices ‘A. Inspection Level Decision B_ Ordering Information viFOREWORD American National Standards Committee BIS for the standardization of bolts, screws, nuts, rivets, and similar fasteners was organized in March 1922. as Sectional Committee B18 under the aegis of the American Engineering Standards Committee (later the American Standards ‘Association, then the United States of America Standards Institute and, as of October 6, 1969, the American National Standards Institute, Inc) with the Society of Automotive Engineers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers as joint sponsors Subcommittee 18 of Committee BI8 was established in September 1978 to develop a document to cover the quality assurance provisions for internally and externally threaded metric fasteners and accessories or associated parts. At the March 1979 meeting of Subcommittee 18, it was agreed that the quality assurance document should be circulated for subcommittee consideration asa proposed standard, Subcom- ‘mittee acceptance of the content ensued andl the document was approved by letter ballot to the American National Standards Committee BI8.on March 21, 1980, ‘The Standard was subsequently approved by the Secretariat and submitted to the American National Standards Institute for redesignation as an American National Standard it was desig- nated ANSI B18.18.2M-1982 and approved on September 14, 1982. A periodic of the Standard, undertaken by the Subcommittee in 1985, resulted in agreement that the document be revised to allow it tobe used for inch as well as metric products. ‘This was done by deleting the word “metric” from the ttle as well as from each place in the Standard where it would inhibit the use of the document for inch as well as metric products. By retaining the "M" in the designator, the Standard can be used for both inch and mettie products without having to change any references made. A proposal containing these changes, as well as editorial corrections, was prepared and balloted by letter ballot to ASME Committee B18, Follow- {ng approval by ASME, the proposal was submitted to the American National Standards Institute and designated an American National Standard on January 16, 1987, ‘A periodic review of the Standard, undertaken by the Subcommittee in 2008, resulted in agreement that the document be revised. The “M” in the designation has been removed because this Standard is not solely related to metric fasteners. The restriction of lot size of 250,000 pieces was removed. The sample sizes were revised to be aligned with those used in ASTM F 1470. This ‘Standard is now intended to be directly related to determining the acceptability of dimensional characteristics and the acceptance of chemical and physical characteristics are directed to ASTM F 1470 when applicable. A proposal containing these changes, as well as editorial correc- tions, was prepared and balloted By letter ballot to ASME Committee B18, ‘This Standard was approved by the American National Standards Insttate on July 14, 2009,ASME B18 COMMITTEE Standardization of Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, Screws, Washers, and Similar Fasteners (The Following isthe roster ofthe Commitee atthe time of approval ofthis Standard) ‘STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS DLA Clever, Chair RD. Stong, Vice Choir RL Grane, Secretary ‘STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL carina, Coninentat bere .A, Clever, Deere & Co, ‘A.B. Cockman, Ford Motor Co BD. Bumside, Alternate, Ford Motor Co RL Crane, The American Socety of Mechanical Engineers 1-5. Foote, Contributing Member, Trade Associaton Management, ne. . S. Geowge, ND industries J. Greensade, Insta Festenes Intute J. Grey, Cntibuting Member, Fastener Consutng Services, Ie 2B. Hasiuk, Contibting Member, Defense Supply Center Philaelphia ‘A Herskovitz, Consultant |. Hubbard, telnd-Powl Fastener, inc 4. Jennings, Contributing Member, Naval Surface Warfare Center LW. King, Porteous Fastener Co J.F. Mosh, Contributing Member, Spiral Intentional Cop. We Kopi, constant WJ, Lath, EhartTeknloges , MeCrndle, Canadian Fasteners Instute M.D Prasad, Contbuting Member, Global MAF Solution, Inc '. Sao, MW Medalist W. Scherey, Contributing Member, BGM Fastener Co, Ine i, Smith, Oregon DOT WER: Stevens, Ramco B.D. Strong, General Motors Cop, .W. Vass, Constant CB. Wackron, Contributing Member, WNP Corp WK. Wleax,Consutant CB. liao, Fasteal Co. J, wilson, consutane RB. Wight, Contributing Member, Wight Too! Co | 6. Zertshy, National Rivet and Manufacturing Co ‘SUBCOMMITTEE 18 — INSPECTION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR FASTENERS 8. wiliamson, cha, Fstenal Co, WH. King, Vie Chai, Porteous Fastener Co, ‘ALL Guzman, Secretary, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers ¥.Cartna,Continetab-Aero A. Clever, Convibutng Member, Deere & Co A Dual, 5? D.S. George, ND inusties 1s Greenslade, ndusval Fasteners instute 1.4. Grey, ontbuting Member, Fastener Consulting Serces, ie A. Herskovitz,Consutant, J. Hubbard, Leland-Powel Fasteners, ie J. Jennings, Contributing Member, Naval Surface Warfare Center Ma. Ket, Consultant WH. Kopke, Constant J. Mecarck, Defense Supply Center Philadephia . MeCrndle, Canadian Fastenes Insite RB. Meade, Arora Material Testing laboratories, Ine. 5. Savot MW Medalist LC Sehvoeder, Kansas Department of Transportation FM, Serabin, Freundlich Suppy Co LF. Sharp, GNS Structural Engines 6. M, Sinpsor, Serbiex Cop. WER: Stovens, Ramco R.D, Stiong, General Motors Cop. .W. Vass, Constant CB. Wacko, AN? Corp. P.M. Werner, Seley Socket Screw Cop, WK. Wax, Constant CI son, ConsultantCORRESPONDENCE WITH THE B18 COMMITTEE General. ASME Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the consensus of concerned interests, As such, users ofthis Standard may interact with the Committee by requesting interpretations, proposing revisions, and attending Committee meetings. Corre- spondence should be addressed to: ‘Secretary, BIS Standards Committee ‘The American Society of Mechanical Engineers ‘Three Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5990 Proposing Revisions. Revisions are made periodically tothe Standard to incorporate changes that appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the application of the Standard, Approved revisions will be published periodically. ‘The Commitee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard, Such proposals should be 4s specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s) the proposed wording, and a detailed description ofthe reasons for the proposal, including any pertinent dacumentation Proposing a Case. Cases may be issued for the purpose of providing alternative rules when justified, to permit early implementation of an approved revision when the ned is urgent, or to provide rules not covered by existing provisions. Cases are effective immediately upon ASME approval and shal be posted on the ASME Committee Web page. Requests for Cass shall provide a Statement of Need and Background Inforination. The request should identify the standard, the paragraph, figure or table number(s), and be written as a ‘Question and Reply in te same format as existing Cases. Requests for Cases should also indicate the applicable edition(s) ofthe standaed to which the proposed Case ap; Interpretations. Upon request, the BIS Standards Committee will ender an interpretation of any requirement of the Standard. Interpretations can only be rendered in response fo a written request sent to the Secretary of the BIB Standards Committee. ‘The request for an interpretation should be clear and unambiguous. It is further recommended that the inquirer submit his/her request inthe following format: Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and the topie of the inquiry. Edition: ite the applicable edition of the Standard for which the interpretation is being requested. Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific requirement suitable for general understanding and use, not as a request for an approval of a proprietary design or situation. The inquirer may also include any plans or drawings that are necessary to explain the question; however, they should ‘not contain proprietary names or information Requests that ae notin this format may be rewritten in the appropriate formatby the Committee prior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request. ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additional information that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. Attending Committee Meetings. ‘The B18 Standards Committee regularly holds meetings, which are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretary of the BIS Standards Committee.ASME 618.16.2-2009 INSPECTION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR HIGH-VOLUME MACHINE ASSEMBLY FASTENERS 1 GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1. Basic Plan Structure ‘This Standard outlines a Quality Assurance Plan for internally and externally threaded fasteners and acces- sories or associated parts. Provisions are included for sampling plans, inspection frequencies, control proce- dures, and record keeping, Included in this plan are fasteners such as those where ‘a more detailed inspection would enhance mass assem- bly operation. The quality assurance plan for these fas- teners relies primarily on increased final inspection, rather than on documented in-process control. ‘This Standard will be used in conjunction with other accepted standards for product, testing, gaging, and ‘material and, therefore, those provisions as well as pack- aging are not included herein, 1.2 Inspection Levels ‘The substantial difference in importance to the user of various characteristics and the dissimilar degrees of control in manufacture make impractical the subjecting of all characteristics to the same degree of inspection, ‘Therefore, three inspection levels have been provided. Any additional characteristics deemed applicable by the user that do not appear in the plan shall be explicitly designated by the user, preferably on engineering draw- ings and related specifications by the appropriate code letter at the time of ordering (see Nonmandatory Appendix B). To assist in arriving at the most appro- priate inspection level, Fig. Al included in Nonmandatory Appendix A is recommended for guidance. 1.3. Measuring and Testing Equipment All measuring and testing equipment shall be system- atically maintained and controlled as specified in 180 17025. 1.4 Basic Plan Outline ‘The basic plan outline as shown in Fig, 1 is included. to enhance understanding and use. 2. FASTENERS FOR HIGH-VOLUME MACHINE ASSEMBLY APPLICATIONS 21 Scope ‘This Standard is an Acceptance Sampling Plan for high-volume machine assembly fasteners, accessories, and associated parts. It establishes specific inspection functions that must be performed on the finished prod- uct or at the appropriate stage of manufacturing with the objective of ensuring that the accepted product con- forms to all the requirements of engineering drawings, related standards, and/or specifications. This plan does not necessitate in-process control; how- ever, the producer, at his discretion, may apply in-process control. Adherence to the requirements of this plan does not release the contractor from the responsibil- ity of exercising due care in the production of all parts to the requirements established for all characteristics shown on engineering drawings and related specifications. 2.2 Applicable Characteristics Unless designated characteristics are specifically spec- iffed in the product standard, the applicable characteris- tics include all characteristics ofa part that are described, by engineering drawings and zelated specifications, ‘Thrwe levels of inspection — A, B, and C—are provided in the plan. Alternate levels may be designated by the user if required. Refer to Fig. A-l in Nonmandatory Appendix A to establish alternate levels as required. Any additional characteristc(s) deemed applicable by the user and not appearing inthe general plan or charac- teristics for which the user requires an inspection level other than that designated in the plan, must be explicitly requested by the user and shown on drawings or specifi- cations by the appropriate code letter at the time of ordering (see Nonmandatory Appendix B). 2.3 Lot Definition Alot sa quantity of product of one part number made from one heat of raw material by the same production process and subsequently submitted for final inspection at one time. In the case of fasteners assemblies, such as, screw and washer assemblies, the manufacturer shall ‘maintain lot traceability for all components,ASME 816.18.22009 24h Records ‘Thesupplier shall maintain and provide the purchaser logs and records of inspections and tests as equited by this plan if requested. Such records shall indicate the nature and number of observations made, the number and type of deficiencies found, the quantities of material or parts approved and rejected, and the nature of the cortective action taken, as appropriate, Records shall also include the disposition of rejected parts in accor- dance with para. 2.9and shall be maintained for a mini- ‘mum of 1 yr from the date of shipment of the parts Fig. 1 Basic Plan Outline 2.5 Purchased Accessories and Parts peered Accessories, services, and partially fabricated parts (ea, washers, nuts, blanks, heat treating, plating, ete) ‘may be purchased by the prime contractor from subeon tractors for use inthe production of fasteners, provided aw mater the following conditions and requirements are met nee (a) The prime contractor shall be responsible #0 the faveeti ser forthe quality ofthe final produc. (b) The prime contactor shall be responsible for the implementation of all equirement of this plan, incluck ing ecords ; (6) All lots that ave eat treated anal/or finished by Iprocesscontol | a subcontractor and all ots that are processed by a sub ‘and inspection ! contractor following heat treatment and/or finishing at producer’ cseation ‘operations shall undergo final inspection by the subcon tractor or the prime contractor, 2.6 Raw Material Final inepection 2.6.4 General, Raw material (od, wiee, or bar) shall be reviewed to determine that each coil ot bundle has ‘mill identification and that each heat batch, melt, cast, tc) is accompanied by a mill certfcation of analysis camo or the equivalent. The raw material or its accompanying Teele cere rill certification shall be inspected prior to release for 1 yas objective evidence fabrication to verify that it conforms to the material of conformance requirements specified, 2.6.2 General Quality. One fastener, taken at ran- dom from representative coils of rod or wire or from bundles of bars, shall be visually inspected to verify the general quality of the raw material and its condition following the forming process. The past shall be exam- ined for evidence of pipe, cracks, seams, and other sur- face discontinuities according to applicable specifications, 2.7 Final Inspection Each lot of fasteners shall besubjected toa final inspec: tion. The final inspection is intended to verify lot identi- fication and to inspect designated characteristics for conformance to related standards, specifications, and engineering drawings. Final inspection of any character istic may be conducted at any stage of manufacturingASME 818.18.22009 after which that characteristic will not be altered. Rec- cords of final inspection shall be maintained in accor- dance with para. 2.4. The dimensional final inspection requirements are given in Table 1, Sample sizes are then determined in accordance with Table2, Chemical, hysi- cal, and mechanical final inspection requirements are specified in ASTM F 1470. If a documented, verifiable, statistically based. in-process inspection system is used by the fastener manufacturer, inspection sample sizes and reporting shall be in accordance with specified quality systems such as ASME, ASTM, or ISO. 2.8 Acceptance and Rejection 2.8.1 Basis of Rejection. Any coil of rod or wire or bundle of bars failing to meet the requirements of para. 26 shall be held for disposition 2.8.2 Acceptance Criteria 2.8.2.1 Dimensional. If a single nonconforming characteristic is found in final inspection, the lot shall be held for disposition in accordance with para, 29. 2.8.2.2 Chemical and Mechanical. Chemical, ‘mechanical, and other physical requirements are to be accepted per the requirements of ASTM F 1470. 2.8.3 Customer inspection, fon receipt ofthe mate- rial the user discovers a single nonconforming part, he ‘may sample the lot for such nonconforming characteris- tic(s) in accordance with ASME BI8.18.1 2.9 Disposition of Nonconforming Materials or Parts Records of disposition shall be maintained in accor dance with para. 24, 2.9.41 Manufacturer's Options. The manufacturer has the choice of the following options in the disposition of those materials or parts that have been found to con- tain discrepancies within his plant (a) They may be scrapped. () They may be 100% sorted and all nonconforming, parts removed. (0) They may be reworked or reprocessed to correct the nonconforming charactersti(s). (@) The customer may be informed of the rejectable items and his advice requested on their disposition, If the customer considers thatthe degree to which the characteristic(s) deviates from specified requirements, will have no significant effect on the performance of the parts in their service application, the customer may authorize release ofthe parts or materials for completion of production or for shipment as applicable. 2.9.2 Customer's Options. ‘The customershall estab- lish agreement with the manufacturer on one of the following options for the disposition of those lots or parts that have been rejected after receipt from the ‘manufacturer! (a) They may be scrapped, (b) They may be 100% sorted and all nonconforming, parts removed. (0) They may be reworked or reprocessed to correct the nonconforming characterstic(s). (@) Ifthe customer considers that the degree to which the characteristic(s) deviates from specified require- ‘ments will have no significant effect on the performance of the parts in their service application, the customer ‘may authorize release of the parts or materials for use and advise the manufactures, (e) They all may be returned, 2.9.3 Relnspection. All pieces that have been sorted and/or reworked in accordance with para. 2.9.1 or para. 2.92 shall be resubmitted for lot sampling and. inspection in accordance with para. 2.7 for the character- istie(s) found nonconforming and all other characteris- tics that would be affected by the repair or reprocessing ‘operation(s). If no parts in the sample inspected are found nonconforming, the material may reenter the pro- duction flow or may be approved for delivery of use as, applicable,ASME 818.18.22009 Table 1 Final Inspection — Machine Assembled and Other Special Purpose 2B 25 Fasteners — Nondestructive Tests Characters Body diameter Length With across Rats Wath across comers Head or nut thickness \Wrenching helght Angular of bearing surface Bearing surtace diameter Head diameter Flange diameter Flange thickness Recess penetration Paint diameter Countersin diameter and depth Thead acceptably Mate (1) Total head fnath Grp lenath Sot with Sot eth Siot alignments and locaton Diameter of underut Depth of undercut Washer 0. Washer thicknass Visual Inspection Mote (2 Inspection level Internally Threaded Pate Na NA wa wa wa wa wa wa Na wa wa NA NA wa wa NA Na wa. wa. wa rn Na wa wa wa ‘xterally Theeades Parts wa wa wa wa wa Wa WA wa wa wa wa wa wa Wa wa wa wa wa wa Na wa WA Wa Wa wa ‘GENERAL NOTES: (©) WA~ when applable; Wa not applicable. (8) Refer to para, 2.8.2 for acceptance citer, Refer to Tale 2 for sample ie. NoTEs: (©) ANSASME B1.3M or other applicable standards and atthe appropriate inspection eve! (oF O. (2) sua inspection for grade and source identification, presence of fish, duds, surface eiscontine- ies, head and/or Range eccentric, flange fatness, radius under head, typeof washer, presence ‘of locking feature, coseness of tread to head, and general workmanship.ASME 818.16.2-2009 Table 2 Sample Size Sample Size Lot size x 2 € 1002 2 1 1 3r015 3 2 1 1610 25 4 3 1 261050 5 4 1 511090 ‘ 5 2 91 150 7 6 2 151 to 280 20 7 2 281 t0 500 n 9 3 501 to 1,200 6 a 3 4,201 to 3,200 8 2 3 3,201 to 10,000 2 6 4 40,001 to 35,000, 2» 6 4 35,001 to 150,000, 2» 6 5 150,001 to 500,000 » 15 6 500,001 and over 2 15 z (GENERAL NOTES; (@) The acceptance number inal cass is ze defects (©) Suppliers shall uish certified test rests rom whieh the Shipping lots originated If certified est reports are not aval: abl, then the supplier must default to Sample Size C and ‘ondut the tet required,INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKASME 818.182.2009 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A INSPECTION LEVEL DECISION Fig. A-1_ Inspection Level Decision |s charactorstc classified as major or minor? (A mjor characteristic ‘matoralyaffcts the useabilty the product for is intonded Purpose; a minor characteristic does not) ‘s charactavstie set by tooling ‘or material (not subject 0 rapid ‘change during production)? 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