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Machining HAND TOOLS AND

The document discusses various hand tools used in bench work, including vises, hammers, and screwdrivers. It describes the types and proper uses of machinist's vises, such as solid-base and swivel-base vises. It also discusses different types of hammers like ball-peen hammers and soft-faced hammers, noting their uses and safety precautions. Additionally, it covers the two main types of screwdrivers - standard/flat blade and Phillips head - and how to properly use and maintain them.

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Gene Eyas
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74 views2 pages

Machining HAND TOOLS AND

The document discusses various hand tools used in bench work, including vises, hammers, and screwdrivers. It describes the types and proper uses of machinist's vises, such as solid-base and swivel-base vises. It also discusses different types of hammers like ball-peen hammers and soft-faced hammers, noting their uses and safety precautions. Additionally, it covers the two main types of screwdrivers - standard/flat blade and Phillips head - and how to properly use and maintain them.

Uploaded by

Gene Eyas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HAND TOOLS AND

BENCH WORK
The machine tool trade may be divided into two categories: hand tool and machine tool operations.
Although this era is looked on as the machine age, the importance of hand tool operations
or bench work should not be overlooked. Bench work includes the operations of laying out, fitting,
and assembling. These operations involve sawing, chipping, filing, polishing, scraping,
reaming, and threading. A good machinist should be capable of using all hand tools skillfully.
Effective selection and use of these tools are possible only with continued practice.

Holding, Striking, and Assembling


Tools
After completing this unit, you will be able to:
1 Select various tools used for holding, assembling, or dismantling workpieces
2 Properly use these tools for holding, assembling, and dismantling workpieces

Hand tools may be divided into two classes: noncutting and cutting. Noncutting tools include vises, hammers, screwdrivers,
wrenches, and pliers, which are used basically for holding, assembling, or dismantling parts.

The Bench Vise


The machinist’s, or bench, vise is used to hold small work securely for sawing,
chipping, filing, polishing, drilling, reaming, and tapping operations. Vises are
mounted close to the edge of the bench; they permit long work to be held in a
vertical position. Vises may be made of cast iron or cast steel. Vise size is
determined by the width of the jaws.
A machinist’s vise may be of the solid-base or swivel-base type. The swivel-base
vise differs from the solid-base vise because it has a swivel plate attached to the
bottom of the vise. This plate allows the vise to be swung into any circular position.
To grip finished work or soft material, use jaw caps made of brass, aluminum, or
copper to protect the work surface from being
marred or damaged.

Hammer
Ball-peen hammer

The larger striking surface is called the face, and the smaller, rounded end is the
peen. Ball-peen hammers are made in a variety of sizes, with head masses ranging
from approximately 2 ounces (oz) to 3 pounds (lb) (55 to 1400 g). The smaller
sizes are used for layout work and the larger ones for general work. The peen is
generally used in riveting or peening operations.
Soft-faced hammers

They have heads made of plastic, rawhide, copper, or lead.


These heads are fastened to a steel body and can be replaced
when worn. Soft-faced hammers are used in assembling or
dismantling parts so the finished surface of the work will not be
marred.

Lead hammers are often used to seat the workpiece properly on


parallels when setting up work in a vise for machining operations.

Plastic hammer heads, which have been filled with lead or steel shot, are gradually replacing the lead hammer, since they do not
lose their shape and last much longer than the lead hammer heads.

When using a hammer, always grasp it at the end of the handle to provide better balance and greater striking force. This grip
also tends to keep the hammer face flat on the work and reduces the chance of damage to the
workface.

Observe safety precautions when using a hammer:


1. Be sure that the handle is solid and not cracked
2. See that the head is tight on the handle and secured with a proper wedge to keep the handle expanded in the head.
3. Never use a hammer with a greasy handle or when your hands are greasy.
4. Never strike two hammer faces together. The faces have been hardened and a metal chip may fly off, causing an injury.

Screwdrivers
Screwdrivers are manufactured in a variety of shapes, types, and sizes. The two most common types used in a
machine shop are the standard or flat blade and the Phillips screwdriver. Both types are manufactured
in various sizes and styles, such as standard shank, stubby shank, and offset.

Phillips-type recessed screw heads. These screwdrivers are manufactured in four sizes: #1, #2, #3,
and #4, to suit the various-sized recesses in the heads offasteners. Care must be taken to use the proper size screwdriver.Too
small a screwdriver will damage both the tip and the recess in the screw head. The screwdriver should be held firmly in the
recess and square with the screw. Blades for smaller standard screwdrivers are generally made of round stock, and blades for
larger ones are often square, so that a wrench may be applied for leverage.
CARE OF A SCREWDRIVER
1. Choose the correct size of screwdriver for the job. If too small a screwdriver is used, both the screw
slot and the tip of the screwdriver may become damaged.
2. Do not use the screwdriver as a pry, chisel, or wedge.
3. When the tip of a standard screwdriver becomes worn or broken, it should be redressed to shape.

REGRINDING A STANDARD
SCREWDRIVER BLADE
When regrinding a screwdriver tip, make the sides of the blade slightly concave by holding the side of the blade tangential to
the periphery of the grinding wheel Grind an equal amount off each side of the blade. This
shape will enable the blade to maintain a better grip in the slot. Be sure to retain the original taper, width, and thickness of the
tip and grind the end square with the centerline of the blade.

Note: When grinding, remove a minimum amount of metal so you do not grind past the hardened zone in the tip. Quench the tip
frequently in cold water so as not to draw the temper from the blade.

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