Department of Electronics & Communication

Engineering
2022-23

EC8681 Microprocessor and Microcontroller

Laboratory Manual
(Anna University Regulation 2017)

Name :
Register Number :
Lab Name/Code :
Semester/Year :

Karpagam Institute of Technology

Affiliated to Anna University and Approved by AICTE, New Delhi
Accredited by NBA
Coimbatore-641105

1
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to Certified that bonafide record of work done by Mr./Ms.

in the EC8681 Microprocessor and Microcontroller
Laboratory for the course of Electronics and Communication Engineering during
VI Semester of academic year 2022:23.

STAFF IN-CHARGE HOD

Register No.:

This record is submitted for VI semester Electronics and Communication

Engineering practical examination of Anna University, Chennai held on .

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL

EXAMINER

2
INDEX

Average:

3
 Date :
Ex.No.: 1
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF TWO 16 BIT NUMBERS USING 8086
AIM:
To add and subtract two 16-Bit numbers stored at consecutive memory locations.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 kit

ALGORITHM: (16 bit addition)

1. Start the program.
2. Load the first data in AX register.
3. Load the second data in BX register.
4. Clear the CL registers for carry.
5. Add the two data and get the sum in AX REGISTER.
6. Store the sum in memory location.
7. Check for carry. If carry flag is set then go to next step, otherwise go to step8
8. Increment the carry in memory.
9. Store the carry in memory.
10. Stop the program.

PROGRAM

Address Label Opcode Mnemonics Operand Comments

1000 8B 06 00 20 MOV AX,[2000] Load the first data

1004 8B 1E 02 20 MOV BX,[2002] Load the second data

Clear the CL register for
1008 C6 C1 00 MOV CL,00
carry
Add two number sum ill
100B 01 D8 ADD AX,BX
be AX
Check the status of carry
100D 73 02 JNC # (1011)
flag
If carry flag is set,
100F FE C1 INC CL
increment CL
1011 # 89 06 04 20 MOV [2004],AX Store the sum result

1015 88 0E 06 20 MOV [2006],CL Store the carry

1019 F4 HLT - Stop the program

4
OBSERVATION:

Input Output
Address Data Address Data
2000 2004
ADDITION
2001 2005
2002 2006
2003

OBSERVATION:

Input Output
Address Data Address Data
2000 2004
SUBTRACTION
2001 2005
2002 2006
2003

5
ALGORITHM: (16 bit Subtraction)

1. Start the program.

2. Set SI register as pointer for data.
3. Get the minuend AX register.
4. Get the subtrahend in BX register.
5. Clear CL register to account for sign.
6. Subtract the content of BX from AX, the difference will be in AX.]
7. Check for carry, if carry flag is set then go to next step, otherwise go to step 9.
8. Increment CL register by 1.
9. Take 2’s complement of the difference in AX register.
10. Store the magnitude of the difference in memory.
11. Store the sign bit in memory.
12. Stop the program.

SUBTRACTION

Address Label Opcode Mnemonics Operand Comments

1000 C7 C6 00 20 MOV SI,2000 Initialize the SI value
First input value move
1004 8B 04 MOV AX,[SI]
to AX
Second value move to
1006 8B 5C 02 MOV BX,[SI+2]
bx

1009 29 D8 SUB AX,BX Sub AX and BX

100B 73 08 JNC # (1015) Check the condition

100D FE C1 INC CL Increment CL value

100F F7 D0 NOT AX Ones complements

1011 81 C0 01 00 ADD AX,0001 Twos complements

1015 # 89 44 04 MOV [SI+4],AX Store the result

1018 88 4C 06 MOV [SI+6],CL Store the carry value

101B F4 HLT - stop

6
RESULT :

7
Date :
Ex.No.:
MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION OF TWO 16 BIT NUMBERS USING 8086

AIM:
To write an assembly language program for the multiplication and division of two 16 bit numbers
using 8086 microprocessor kit
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 kit
ALGORITHM: (16 BIT MULTIPLICATION)

1. Load the address of data in SI register.

2. Get the first data in AX register.
3. Get the second data in BX register.
4. Multiply the content of AX & BX.
5. The product will be in AX & DX
6. Save the product (AX & BX) in memory.
7. Stop the program.

PROGRAM:
MULTIPLICATION

Address Opcode Mnemonics Operand Comments

1000 C7 C6 00 11 MOV SI,1100 Set SI as a pointer for data
1004 8B 04 MOV AX,[SI] Get the first data in AX register
1006 8B 5C 02 MOV BX,[SI+2] Get the second data in BX
1009 F7 E3 MUL BX Multiply AX and BX

The product will be in AX and DX

100B 89 44 04 MOV [SI+4],AX
register

Save the lower, upper 16 bits of the

100E 89 54 06 MOV [SI+6],DX
product in memory
1011 F4 HLT - Stop

8
OBSERVATION:

Input Output
Address Data Address Data
1100 1104
MULTIPLICATION
1101 1105
1102 1106
1103 1107

OBSERVATION:

Input Output
Address Data Address Data
1100 1104
DIVISION
1101 1105
1102 1106
1103 1107

9
ALGORITHM: (16 BIT DIVISION)

1. Load the address of data in SI register.

2. Get the dividend in AX register.
3. Get the divisor in BX register.
4. Divide the two numbers.
5. Store the result in memory.
6. Stop the program

PROGRAM

DIVISION

Address Opcode Mnemonics Operand Comments

1000 8B 06 00 11 MOV AX,[1100] Get the first data in AX.
1004 8B 1E 02 11 MOV BX,[1102] Get the second data in BX
1008 F7 F3 DIV BX Divide AX by BX.
The Quotient stored in
100A 89 06 04 11 MOV [1104],AX 3000.
The Remainder stored in
100E 89 16 06 11 MOV [1106],DX
3002
1012 F4 HLT - Stop

RESULT:

10
Date :
Ex.No.:
LOGICAL OPERATION USING 8086

AIM:
To write an assembly language program for one’s complement and AND operation using 8086
microprocessor kit.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 kit

ALGORITHM:
1. Start the program.
2. Move the data to accumulator.
3. Give the instruction for ONES complement and AND operation.
4. Store the result in respective address.
5. Stop the program.

PROGRAM
ONES COMPLEMENT

Address Label Opcode Mnemonics Operand Comments

1000 C7,C0,34,12 MOV AX,1234 Move 1234 to accumulator

1004 F7,D0 NOT AX Ones complement of AX

Move AX to address of
1006 89,06,00,14 MOV [1400],AX
1400
100A F4 HLT - Stop

11
OBSERVATION:

ONES COMPLEMENT

INPUT OUTPUT

DATA ADDRESS DATA

1400

1401

AND OPERATION

INPUT OUTPUT

ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA

1200 1400

1201 1401

12
AND OPERATION

Address Label Opcode Mnemonics Operand Comments

Move the content of 1200 to
1000 8B,06,00,12 MOV AX,[1200]
accumulator
1004 81,E0,0F,0F AND AX,0F0F And 0F0F with AX

1008 89,06,00,14 MOV [1400],AX Move AX to address of 1400

-
100C F4 HLT Stop

RESULT:

13
Date :
Ex.No.: 2

Block Transfer without Overlap

AIM :

To write an Assembly Language Program (ALP) for moving a data block without overlap using 8086.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 kit

PROGRAM:
Address Label Opcode Mnemonics Operand Comments

1000 C7,C6,00,20 MOV SI,2000 Load Source Address in SI

1004 C7, C7,00,21 MOV DI,2100 Load Destination address in DI

1008 C7,C1,00,FF Load number of bytes

MOV CX,00FF transferred to CX reg.
100C FC CLD - Clear Direction Flag

100D L1 A4 Move a block of string byte

MOVSB - from the source to the
destination
100E E2,FD Facilitate auto incrementing of
LOOP L1 (100D) the index register
1010 F4 HLT Stop

14
OBSERVATION

Memory Address Data

Input [2000] to [20FE]

Output [2100] to [21FE]

15
RESULT:

16
Date :
Ex.No.: 4
STRING OPERATIONS
AIM:
To perform string manipulation operations using 8086 string primitive.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 kit

THEORY:

The 8086 instruction set includes called the string primitives. Each string primitive instruction
performs a sequence of operations normally handled by an instruction loop. The string primitive
instruction performs an operation specified by the primitive, then increments or decrements the
pointer registers involved in the operation. On each iteration the affected pointer registers can be
either incremented or decremented by 1 or 2.

Pointer registers will be incremented if the value of the Direction Flag in the Flags Register is
0; affected pointer will be decremented if the value of the Direction Flag is 1. The affected pointer
registers will be incremented or decremented by 1 if the low-order bit of the string primitive
operation code is 0. If the low-order bit of the string primitive operation code is 1,the affected pointer
registers will be incremented or decremented by 2.

There are five primitives;

MOV - Move 8 or 16 bit data in memory

LODS - Load 8 or 16 bits of data from memory into AL or AX register
STOS - Store the AL (8-bit operation) or AX (16-bit operation) register into memory
SCAS - Compare the AL (8-bit operation) or AX (16-bit operation) register with memory
CMPS - Compare two strings of memory locations.

Use of index registers and string primitives along with direction flag status enables efficient
array and string manipulation as shall be evident from the following examples.

Since the 8086 includes the string primitives which require initialization of the index register
the SI and DI registers are initialized to start of the source and start of the destination array
respectively. The direction flag is cleared to facilitate auto-incrementing of the index registers. The
CX register is used to perform the operation repeatedly. The string primitive is used in MOVS. In the
case of MOVE operation, the status of the direction flag is however immaterial.

17
PROGRAM1:

Input [2000] to [20FE]

Output [2100] to [21FE]

PROGRAM 2:

Input [AL]

Output [2000]

18
EXAMPLE-1:

The data for the source array has to be initially entered. Hence let us fill the source locations starting
from 2000 using the FILL command in the kit. Fill locations from 2000 to 20FF with data XX.

PROGRAM-1 :

Address Label Opcode Mnemonic Operand Comments

1000 C7,C6,00,20 Load Source Address in

MOV SI,2000 SI
1004 C7, C7,00,21 Load Destination address
MOV DI,2100 in DI
1008 C7,C1,00,FF Load number of bytes
MOV CX,00FF transferred to CX reg.
100C FC CLD - Clear Direction Flag

100D L1 A4 Move a block of string

MOVSB - byte from the source to
the destination
100E Facilitate auto
E2,FD LOOP L1 (100D) incrementing of the index
register
1010 F4 HLT - Stop

EXAMPLE-2:

This program uses the string primitive STOS. The function of this is that it will store the byte in AL
or the word in AX depending upon the operand size from the location pointed to by the destination
index DI. So if we want to fill a block with a particular data then we should set destination index to
the beginning of the block and then use the STOSW instruction or the STOSB instruction and use CX
to get the required length. S_ARRAY is the location 2000 in this program.

PROGRAM -2:

Address Label Opcode Mnemonic Operand Comments

1000 C7,C1,00,FF MOV CX,00FF 00FF move to CX

1004 C7,C7,00,20 MOV DI,2000 Get 2000 in DI

1008 C7,C0, MOV AL, Data Move To AL

100C FC CLD - Clear

100D L FE STOSB - Store byte value

100E E2,FD LOOP L (100D) Continue

1010 F4 HLT - Stop

19
PROGRAM -3:

INPUT :
Input [AX]

OUTPUT :

Address Data

2000

2001

2002

2003

. .

20FE

20
PROGRAM 3 :

Address Label Opcode Mnemonic Operand Comments

1000 C7,C1,00,FF MOV CX,00FF 00FF move to CX

1004 C7,C7,00,20 MOV DI,2000 Get address in DI

1008 C7,C0, MOV AX, Data Get the data

100C FC CLD - Clear Direction Flag

100D L FD STOSW - Store the word

100E E2,FD Continue till string is

LOOP L (100D) stored
1010 F4 HLT - Stop

PROCEDURE:

1. Enter the program from location 1000

2. Fill FF locations as stated above with particular data.
3. Execute the program.
4. Check if the contents are duplicated to another 255 locations using the compare command
in the kit

RESULT:

21
Date :
Ex.No. : 4
SORTING AN ARRAY USING 8086

AIM:
To write an assembly language program to sort an array of data in ascending and descending order
using 8086 microprocessor kit.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 kit
ALGORITHM:

1. Set SI register as pointer for array.

2. Set CL register as count for N-1 repetitions Initialize array pointer.
3. Set CH as count for N – 1 comparison.
4. Increment the array in AL register.
5. Get the element of array in AL register.
6. Increment the array in pointer.
7. Compare the next element of array in AL
8. Check carry flag, if carry is set then go to step – 12, otherwise go to next step
9. Exchange the content of memory pointed by SI and the content of previous memory
location.[for this exchange AL and memory pointed by SI and then exchange AL and
memory pointed by SI – 1.

PROGRAM

Address Label Opcode Mnemonics Operand Comments

MOV Set SI register as pointer
1000 C7 C6 00 11 SI,1100 for array
Set CL as count for N-
1004 8A 0C MOV CL,[SI] 1repletion’s
1006 FE C9 DEC CL Decrement CL

1008 @ C7 C6 00 11 MOV SI,1100 Initialize pointer

Set CH as count for N-1
100C 8A 2C MOV CH,[SI] comparisons
100E FE CD DEC CH Decrement CH

22
OBSERVATION:

ASCENDING ORDER :

Input Output

Address Data Address Data

1100 (Number of elements)

1101 1101

1102 1102

1103 1103

1104 1104

1105 1105

23
1010 46 INC SI Increment SI

1011 % AL,[SI] Get an element of array in

8A 0A MOV AL register
1013 46 INC SI Increment SI
1014 3A 0A AL,[SI] Compare with next element
CMP of array in memory
1016 72 00 # (1018) If AL is less than memory,
JC then go to #
1008 # FE CD CH Decrement count for
DEC comparisons
101A 75 F5 % (1011) Repeat comparison until CH
JNZ count is zero
101C FE C9 CL Decrement the count for
DEC repeat ions
Repeat N-1 comparisons
101E 75 E8 JNZ @ (1008)
until CL count is zero
1020 F4 HLT - Stop

24
OBSERVATION:

DESCENDING ORDER :

Input Output

Address Data Address Data

1100 (No. of elements)

1101 1101

1102 1102

1103 1103

1104 1104

1105 1105

25
PROGRAM
Address Label Opcode Mnemonics Operand Comments
MOV Set SI register as pointer for
1000 C7 C6 00 11 SI,1100 array
Set CL as count for N-1
1004 8A 0C MOV CL,[SI] repetitions
1006 FE C9 DEC CL Decrement CL

1008 @ C7 C6 00 11 MOV SI,1100 Initialize pointer

Set CH as count for nN-1

100C 8A 2C MOV CH,[SI] comparisons
100E FE CD DEC CH Decrement CH

1010 46 INC SI Increment SI

Get an element of array in AL

1011 % 8A 04 MOV AL,[SI] register
1013 46 INC SI Increment SI

Compare with next element of

1014 3A 04 CMP AL,[SI] array in memory
If AL is not less than memory,
1016 73 05 JNC # (101D) then go to #
If AL is less than memory then
1018 86 04 XCHG AL,[SI] exchange the content of
memory pointed by SI
If AL is less than memory then
exchange the content of
101A 86 44 FF XCHG AL,[SI-1] memory pointed by previous
memory location
Decrement count for
101D # FE CD DEC CH CH comparisons
Repeat comparison until CH
101F 75 0F JNZ % (1011) count is zero
Decrement the count for
1021 FE C9 DEC CL repetitions
Repeat N-1 comparisons until
1023 75 E3 JNZ @ (1008) CL count is zero
1025 F4 HLT - Stop

RESULT :

26
Date :
Ex. No.:
LARGEST & SMALLEST NUMBER IN AN ARRAY USING 8086
AIM:
To find the largest and smallest number in a given array using 8086 microprocessor.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 kit
PROGRAM
LARGEST NUMBER IN A DATA ARRAY:

Address Label Opcode Mnemonics Operand Comments

1000 C7 C60030 MOV SI,2000 Get the address in SI

Content of 2000 mov

1004 8B 0C MOV CX,[SI] to CX
1006 C7 C0 00 00 MOV AX, 0000 Clear AX

Increment the
100A BACK 46 INC SI address
Increment the
100B 46 INC SI address
100C 3B 04 CMP AX,[SI] Compare contents

Check above or
100E 73 02 JAE GO below
Content of 2000 mov
1010 8B 04 MOV AX,[SI] to AX
1012 GO E2 F6 DEC CX Jump

Jump if CX is not
1013 75 F5 JNZ BACK zero
Store the result in
1015 89 06 51 30 MOV [2051],AX 2051
1019 F4 HLT - Stop

27
OBSERVATION

Address Input Data

2000 (No. of 16 bit
numbers in the array)
2001(No. of 16 bit
numbers in the array)
2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

200A

200B

200C

200D

OUTPUT FOR LARGEST NUMBER

Address Data

2051
2052

28
PROGRAM
SMALLEST NUMBER IN A DATA ARRAY:

Address Label Opcode Mnemonics Operand Comments

1000 C7 C6 00 30 MOV SI,2000 Get the address in SI

Content of 2000 move to

1004 8B 0C MOV CX,[SI] CX
1006 C7 C0 99 99 MOV AX, 9999 Clear AX

100A BACK 46 INC SI Increment the address

100B 46 INC SI Increment the address

100C 3B 04 CMP AX,[SI] Compare contents

100E 72 02 JB GO Check above or below

Content of [SI] moved to

1010 8B 04 MOV AX,[SI] AX
1012 GO 49 DEC CX
Decrement Count
1013 75 F5 JNZ BACK Jump if CX is not zero

1015 89 06 51 30 MOV [2051],AX Store the result in 2051

1019 F4 HLT - Stop

29
OBSERVATION

Address Input Data

2000 (No. of 16 bit
numbers in the array)
2001(No. of 16 bit
numbers in the array)
2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

200A

200B

200C

200D

OUTPUT FOR SMALLEST NUMBER

Address Data

2051

2052

30
RESULT :

31
Date :
Ex.No.:
ARITHMETIC AND LOGICAL OPERATIONS USING MASM SOFTWARE
AIM:
To write ALP for Arithmetic and logic operations using MASAM.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

Pc with windows (95/98/XP/NT/2000)

MASM Software.

PROCEDURE :
1. Go to command prompt and type ‘edit’
2. In the edit window type the program.
3. Save the program as ‘add.asm’
4. Exit from edit window and in the command prompt following operations are performed:
D:/8086>masm add.asm (press enter)
D:/8086> link add.obj (press enter)
D:/8086> debug add.exe (press enter)
- e 2000 01 02 08 05 (press enter)
- g = 1000 (press enter)
Program terminated correctly

PROGRAM:

16-BIT ADDITION

Code segment
Assume CS : code, DS: code
Org 1000h
Mov si, 2000h
Mov cl,00h
Mov ax,[si]
Mov bx,[si+2]

32
 Add ax,bx
Addition:

Input:
-e 2000

Output:
-e 2004

33
 Jnc L1
Inc cl
L1: Mov [si+4], ax
Mov [si+6], cl
Mov ah,4ch
Int 21h
Code ends
End

16-BIT SUBTRACTION

Code segment
Assume CS : code, DS: code
Org 1000h
Mov si, 2000h
Mov cl,00h
Mov ax, [si]
Mov bx,[si+2]
Sub ax,bx
Jnc L1
Inc cl
Not ax
Add ax,0001h
L1: Mov [si+4], ax
Mov [si+6], cl
Mov ah,4ch
Int 21h
Code ends
End

34
Subtraction:

Input:
-e 2000

Output:
-e 2004

35
16-BIT MULTIPLICATION

Code segment
Assume CS : code, DS: code
Org 1000h
Mov si, 2000h
Mov ax,[si]
Mov bx,[si+2]
Mul bx
Mov [si+4], ax
Mov [si+6], dx
Mov ah,4ch
Int 21h
Code ends
End

16-BIT DIVISION

Code segment
Assume CS : code, DS: code
Org 1000h
Mov si, 2000h
Mov ax,[si]
Mov bx,[si+2]
Div bx
Mov [si+4], ax
Mov [si+6], dx
Mov ah,4ch
Int 21h
Code ends

36
 End

Multiplication:

Input :
-e 2000

Output:
-e 2004

Division:

Input :
-e 2000

Output:
-e 2004

-e 2006

Logical OR:

Output:
-e 2000

Logical AND:

Output:
-e 2000

37
LOGICAL AND:

Code segment
Assume CS : code, DS: code
Org 1000h
Mov si, 2000h
Mov al, 07h
Mov bl, 02h
And al, bl
Mov [si],al
Int 21h
Code ends
End

LOGICAL OR:

Code segment
Assume CS : code, DS: code
Org 1000h
Mov si, 2000h
Mov al, 07h
Mov bl, 02h
Or al, bl
Mov [si],al
Int 21h
Code ends
End

LOGICAL XOR:

Code segment
Assume CS : code, DS: code
Org 1000h
Mov si, 2000h
Mov al, 07h
Mov bl, 02h
Xor al, bl
Mov [si],al
Int 21h
Code ends
End

38
Logical XOR:

Output:
-e 2000

Logical NOT:

Output:
-e 2000

39
NOT OPERATION:

Code segment
Assume CS : code, DS: code
Org 1000h
Mov si, 2000h
Mov Al, 07h
Not Al
Mov [si],Al
Int 21h
Code ends
End

RESULT:

40
Date :
Ex.No.
BIOS / DOS CALL - STRING MANIPULATION
AIM:
To perform string manipulation and BIOS / DOS call using MASM software.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
PC loaded with MASM software.
PROCEDURE:
1. Go to command prompt and type ‘edit’
2. In the edit window type the program.
3. Save the program as ‘str.asm’
4. Exit from edit window and in the command prompt following operations are performed:
D:/8086> masm str.asm (press enter 3 times)
D:/8086> link str.obj (press enter 3 times)
D:/8086> debug str.exe (press enter)
- f 2000 20ff 45 (any data) (press enter)
- g = 1000 (press enter)
Program terminated correctly
PROGRAM :
Code segment
Assume CS : code, DS: code
Org 1000h
Mov si, 2000h
Mov cx, 00ffh
Mov di, 3000h
Move: movsb
Loop Move
Mov ah, 4ch
Int 21h
Code ends
End

41
Output:
-e 3000 to 30FF

RESULT :

42
Date :
Ex.No.:
BIOS / DOS CALL – SEARCH AN ELEMENT
AIM :
To search an element in an array and BIOS / DOS call using MASM software.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
PC loaded with MASM software.
PROCEDURE :
1. Go to command prompt and type ‘edit’
2. In the edit window type the program.
3. Save the program as ‘search.asm’
4. Exit from edit window and in the command prompt following operations are performed:
D:/8086>masm search.asm (press enter)
D:/8086> link search.obj (press enter)
D:/8086> debug search.exe (press enter)
- e 2000 01 02 08 05 08 (press enter)
- g = 1000 (press enter)
Program terminated correctly
PROGRAM:
Code segment
Assume CS:code, DS: code
Org 1000h
Mov di, 2100h
Mov bx, 2000h
Mov dh, 05h (No. of elements in the array)
Mov ch, 08h (Data which needs to be searched)
Mov cl,00h

43
Output:

-e 2100

44
 L2: mov ax,[bx]
Cmp al, ch
Jnz L1
Inc cl
L1: inc bx
Dec dh
Jnz L2
Mov [di], cl
Mov ah,4ch
Int 21h
Code ends
End

RESULT :

45
Date :
Ex.No :7
TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER USING 8086

AIM:

The objective of this experiment is to simulate a traffic lights system.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

8086 kit and Interfacing card

THEORY:

Traffic light control using microcontroller 8051 can be done easily with parallel ports. The port pins
can be connected to each light, LED, or group of LEDs through a proper driver circuit. The data in
parallel ports can be changed using the program, for turning on and off the lights. The port pins of
Port A and Port B are used. The least significant three bits of Port A are used for the west direction.
The Port A pins 3,4,5 are used for are used for the north direction. Similarly, the least significant bits
of Port B are used for the lights in east direction and pins 3,4,5 are used for the south direction.

PROGRAM
Address Label Opcode Mnemonics
1000 START: C7 C6 00 12 MOV SI, 1200H

1004 C7 C1 04 00 MOV CX, 0004H

1008 8A 0A MOV AL,[SI]

100A C7 C2 83 00 MOV DX, 0083H [Control

Word]
100E EE OUT DX, AL

100F 46 INC SI

1010 NEXT: 8A 04 MOV AL,[SI]

1012 C7 C2 80 00 MOV DX, 0080H [PA]

1016 EE OUT DX,AL

1017 46 INC SI

1018 8A 04 MOV AL,[SI]

101A C7 C2 81 00 MOV DX, 0081H [PB]

46
47
101E EE OUT DX,AL
101F E8 DE 00 CALL DELAY 1
1022 46 INC SI
1023 8A 04 MOV AL,[SI]
1025 C7 C2 80 00 MOV DX,0080H
1029 EE OUT DX,AL
102A 46 INC SI
102B 8A 04 MOV AL,[SI]
102D C7 C2 81 00 MOV DX,0081H
1031 EE OUT DX,AL
1032 E8 1B 01 CALL DELAY 2
1035 46 INC SI
1036 49 DEC CX
1037 75 D7 JNZ NEXT
1039 E9 C4 FF JMP START
1100 DELAY 1: C7 C2 14 00 MOV DX,0014H
1104 % C7 C3 FF FF MOV BX,FFFF
1108 # 90 NOP
1109 90 NOP
111A 90 NOP
111B 90 NOP
110C 4B DEC BX
110D 75 F9 JNZ #
110F 4A DEC DX
1110 75 F2 JNZ %
1112 C3 RET
1150 DELAY 2: C7 C2 05 00 MOV DX,0005H
1154 @ C7 C3 FF FF MOV BX,FFFF
1158 $ 90 NOP

48
 Data for port pins for traffic light control

Sequence SG SY SR EG EY ER NG NY NR WG WY WR PA PB
PB.5 PB.4 PB.3 PB.2 PB.1 PB.0 PA.5 PA.4 PA.3 PA.2 PA.1 PA.0 Data Data
Sequence 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0CH 09H
1
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 14H 09H
Sequence 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 21H 09H
2
0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 21H 0AH
Sequence 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 09H 0CH
3
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 09H 14H
Sequence 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 09H 21H
4
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0AH 21H

Software: Control Word: For initialization of 8255.

Ports/control Register Address lines Address
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
Port A 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80H

Port B 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 81H

Port C 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 82H

Control Register 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 83H

BSR/IO MODE A PA PCH MODE B PB PCL

1 0 0 0 X 0 0 X

Control Word

49
 1159 90 NOP
115A 90 NOP
115B 90 NOP
115C 75 FA JNZ $
115E 4A DEC DX
115F 75 F3 JNZ @
1161 C3 RET

LOOK UP TABLE

Address Opcode
1200 80H
1201 0CH,09H,14H,09H (WEST WAY)
1205 21H,09H,21H,0AH (NORTH WAY)
1209 09H,0CH,09H,14H (EAST WAY)
120D 09H,21H,0AH,21H ( SOUTH WAY)

RESULT:

50
Date :
Ex.No. : 8
STEPPER MOTOR INTERFACING WITH 8086

AIM:

To interface a stepper motor with 8086 microprocessor, operate it in clockwise and

anticlockwise direction and control its speed of operation.

THEORY:

A motor in which the rotor is able to assume only discrete stationary angular position is a
stepper motor. The rotary motion occurs in a step-wise manner from one equilibrium position to the
next. Stepper Motors are used very wisely in position control systems like printers, disk drives,
process control machine tools, etc.
The basic two-phase stepper motor consists of two pairs of stator poles. Each of the four poles
has its own winding. The excitation of any one winding generates a North Pole. A South Pole gets
induced at the diametrically opposite side. The rotor magnetic system has two end faces. It is a
permanent magnet with one face as South Pole and the other as North Pole.
The Stepper Motor windings A1, A2, B1, B2 are cyclically excited with a DC current to run
the motor in clockwise direction. By reversing the phase sequence as A1, B2, A2, B1, anticlockwise
stepping can be obtained.
2-PHASE SWITCHING SCHEME:

In this scheme, any two adjacent stator windings are energized. The switching scheme is
shown in the table. This scheme produces more torque.

ADDRESS DECODING LOGIC:

The 74138 chip is used for generating the address decoding logic to generate the device select
pulses; CS1 & CS2 for selecting the IC 74175.The 74175 latches the data bus to the stepper motor
driving circuitry.

51
Switching scheme of stepper motor :

Anticlockwise Clockwise
STEP A1 A2 B1 B2 DATA STEP A1 A2 B1 B2 DATA

1 1 0 0 1 09h 1 1 0 1 0 0Ah

2 0 1 0 1 05h 2 0 1 1 0 06h

3 0 1 1 0 06h 3 0 1 0 1 05h

4 1 0 1 0 0Ah 4 1 0 0 1 09h

52
 Stepper Motor requires logic signals of relatively high power. Therefore, the interface
circuitry that generates the driving pulses uses silicon Darlington pair transistors. The inputs for the
interface circuit are TTL pulses generated under software control using the Microcontroller Kit. The
TTL level of pulse sequence from the data bus is translated to high voltage output pulses using a
buffer 7407 with open collector.

PROCEDURE:

Enter the above program starting from location 1018.and execute the same. The stepper motor
rotates. Varying the count at R4 and R5 can vary the speed. Entering the data in the look-up TABLE
in the reverse order can vary direction of rotation.

PROGRAM:

Address Label Mnemonics Operand Comments

Load the start address of
1000 START MOV DI,1018 switching scheme data TABLE
into DI register
1004 MOV CL,04 Load the count in CL
Load the number in TABLE
1007 # MOV AL,[DI] into AL
Send the value in A to stepper
1009 OUT C0,AL Motor port address
Delay loop to cause a specific
amount of time delay before
100B MOV DX,1010 next data item is sent to the
Motor
Decrement the Dx value for
100F @ DEC DX delay

1010 JNZ @ (100F) Go to 100F till DX=0

53
Stepper motor Stepping Sequence Look up table :

Data Data
Address
(Clockwise Rotation ) (Anti- Clockwise Rotation )

1018 09 0A

1019 05 06

101A 06 05

101B 0A 09

54
 Increment the DI value
1012 INC DI to point out to the next
value
1013 LOOP # (1007) Repeat the process
Jump to starting address
1015 JMP 1000 and continue the
processs

RESULT:

55
Date :
Ex.No :
INTERFACING 8279 WITH 8086
AIM:
To display Rolling message in display using 8279 programmable keyboard/display controller by interfacing
it with 8086.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Apparatus Quantity
1 Microprocessor kit-8086 1

2 Keyboard display Interface-8279 1

3 Connecting cable -

DESCRIPTION:
The INTEL 8279 is specially developed for interfacing keyboard and display devices to
8085/8086/8088 microprocessor based system.
The important features of 8279 are,
1. Simultaneous keyboard and display operations.
2. Scanned keyboard mode.
3. Scanned sensor mode.
4. 8-character keyboard FIFO.
5. 16-character display.
6. Right or left entry 1 6-byte display RAM.
7. Programmable scan timing.

DISPLAY SECTION:
 The display section has eight output lines divided into two groups A0-A3 and B0-B3.
 The output lines can be used either as a single group of eight lines or as two groups of our lines, in
conjunction with the scan lines for a multiplexed display.
 The output lines are connected to the anodes through driver transistor in case of common cathode 7-
segment LEDs.
 The cathodes are connected to scan lines through driver transistors.

56
Display mode setup command: [10]

0 0 0 D D K K K

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

Clear Display Command: [CC]

1 1 0 CD2 CD1 CD0 CF CA

1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0

Display RAM Command: [90]

1 0 0 AI A A A A

1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

Seven segment code for the message :

Character d c b a Dp g f e Seven segment code

H 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 98

E 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 68

L 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 7C

P 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 C8

U 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1C

S 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 29

57
 The display can be blanked by BD (low) line.
 The display section consists of 16 x 8 display RAM. The CPU can read from or write into any
location of the display RAM.
In common anode type seven segment display, 0 is used for a segment to glow and 1 for a
segment to remain in off condition.

ALGORITHM :

1. Store the look up table which contains the common anode seven segment code for the
message ‘HELP US’ from memory location 1200.
2. Load the number of characters to be displayed in CX reg.
3. Move display mode set up command to acc. And then load it in command reg.
4. Move clear command to acc. and then load it in command reg.
5. Move display RAM command to acc. And then load it in command reg.
6. Then move common anode seven segment codes one by one for the character to be displayed
to accumulator from memory and then load it in data reg.
7. Call delay subroutine between each code.
8. Repeat step 2 to 7 to get continuous display of message ‘HELP US’.

PROGRAM -1 :

T o Disp lay ‘A’ in the first d igi t:

Address Label Opcode Mnemonics

1000 START C6C000 MOV AL,00
1003 E6C2 OUT C2,AL
1005 C6C0CC MOV AX,00CC
1008 E6C2 OUT C2,AL
100A C6C090 MOV AL,90
100D E6C0 OUT C2,AL
100F C6C088 MOV AL,88(Data)
1012 E6C0 OUT C0,AL
1014 C6C0FF MOV AX,00FF
1017 C7C10500 MOV CX,0005
101B NEXT E6C0 OUT C0,AL
101D E2FC LOOP NEXT
101F F4 HLT

58
OUTPUT:

59
PROGRAM – 2 :

ROLLING DISPLAY:

Address Label Opcode Mnemonics

1000 START C7 C6 00 12 MOV SI,1200

1004 C7 C1 0F 00 MOV CX,000F
1008 C6 C0 10 MOV AL,10
100B E6 C2 OUT C2,AL
100D C6 C0 CC MOV AL,CC
1010 E6 C2 OUT C2,AL
1012 C6 C0 90 MOV AL,90
1015 E6 C2 OUT C2,AL
1017 NEXT 8A 04 MOV AL,[SI]
1019 E6 C0 OUT C0,AL
101B E8 E2 04 CALL DELAY
101E 46 INC SI
101F E2 F6 LOOP NEXT
1021 E9 DC FF JMP START
1500 DELAY C7 C2 FF A0 MOV DX,0A0FF
1504 LOOP1 4A DEC DX
1505 75 FD JNZ LOOP1
1507 C3 RET

LOOK UP TABLE:
1200 FF FF FF FF
1204 FF FF FF FF
1208 98 68 7C C8
120C FF 1C 29 FF

RESULT:

60
Mode Instruction Word Format: (4Eh)

S2 S1 EP PEN L2 L1 B2 B1

=1Even =1 Parity Char. Length Baud rate factor

S2 S1 Stop bits parity enable 0 0 5 bits 0 0 Sync. Mode
0 0 Invalid =0 Odd 0 1 6 bits 0 1 1xAsync.
0 1 1 parity 1 0 7 bits 1 0 16xAsync.
1 0 1½ 1 1 8 bits 1 1 64xAsync.
1 1 2

E 1 0 0 1 1 1 0

Command Instruction Word Format: (37h)

EH IR RTS ER SBRK RxE DTR TxEN

0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1

EH: Enter Hunt mode (No effect in Async.) SBRK: Send Break Character
IR: Internal Reset RxE : Receive Enable
RTS : Request To Send DTR : Data Terminal Ready
ER : Error Reset TxEN : Transmit Enable

8254 Timer’s registers address USART 8251’s registers address

Register Address Register Address

Control Register CE Control Register C2
Data Register C8 Data Register C0

8254 Timer’s registers address USART 8251’s registers address

Register Address Register Address
Control Register CE Control Register C2
Data Register C8 Data Register C0

61
 Date :
Ex.No.:
INTERFACING 8251 WITH 8086
AIM:

To initialize the USART (Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter)

8251 and check the serial data transmission and reception of character with 8086.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Apparatus Quantity

1 Microprocessor kit 8086 1

2 Interface kit 8251 1

3 Connecting cable -

DESCRIPTION:

USART-INTEL 8251A:

1. The 8251A is a programmable serial communication interface chip designed for synchronous
and asynchronous serial data communication.
2. It supports the serial transmission of data.
3. It is packed in a 28 pin DIP.

ALGORITHM :

1. Clock for serial transmission and reception is generated using Intel’s Programmable Interval
Timer 8254, which is made to function in mode 3 (Square wave generator). For that first the
control word for 8254 (36H) is loaded in its control register. Then count value (0AH) is
loaded in counter 0’s count register.
2. Mode instruction word for 8251 (4EH) is loaded in its control register.
3. Then command instruction word (37H) is loaded in control register.
4. Data to be transmitted is loaded in 8251’s data register.
5. In program 2 get the data in data register to check whether the data is received at the
receiver side properly.
6. Store the received data in accumulator in memory Location 1250.

62
OUTPUT:

Transmitted Data Received Data

Address
Data

63
PROGRAM (TX):

Address Opcode Mnemonic Operand

1000 B0 36 MOV AL, 36

1002 E6 CE OUT CE,AL
1004 B0 10 MOV AL,OA
1006 E6 C8 OUT C8,AL
1008 B0 00 MOV AL,00
100A E6 C8 OUT C8,AL
100C B0 4E MOV AL,4E
100E E6 C2 OUT C2,AL
1010 B0 37 MOV AL,37
1012 E6 C2 OUT C2,AL
1014 C6 C0
(DATA) MOV AL, DATA
1016 E6 C0 OUT C0,AL
1018 F4 HLT -

PROGRAM (RX):

Address Opcode Mnemonic Operand

1200 E4 C0 IN AL,C0
1202 BB 50 12 MOV BX,1250
1205 88 07 MOV [BX],AL
1207 F4 HLT -

RESULT:

64
65
Date :
Ex.No. :
INTERFACING 8255 WITH 8086
AIM:
To interface programmable peripheral interface 8255 with 8085 and study its characteristics in
mode 0.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

8086 p kit, 8255Interface board and Interface card.

THEORY:

The 8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI) is a very popular and versatile input /
output chip that are easily configured to function in several different configurations. This chip
allows to do both digital input and output (DIO) with PC. The functional configuration of the
8255A is programmed by the systems software so that normally no external logic is necessary to
interface peripheral devices or structures. There are 3-stable bi-directional 8-bit buffer is used to
interface the 8255A to the systems data bus. Data is transmitted or received by the buffer upon
execution of input or output instructions by the CPU. Read/Write and Control Logic block
manages all the Internal and External transfers of both Data and Control or Status words.

I/O MODES:

MODE 0 – SIMPLE I/O MODE:

This mode provides simple I/O operations for each of the three ports and is suitable for
synchronous data transfer. In this mode all the ports can be configured either as input or output port.

Let us initialize port A as input port and port B as output port

66
I/O MODES:
Control Word:

67
PROGRAM :

To initialize port A as an input port in Mode -0 and to input the data set by the SPDT switches
through port A, output the same to LEDs connected to Port B and store the data at RAM location
1100.

Address Opcodes Mnemonics Operand Comments

Initialize port A as Input
1000 B0 90 MOV AL, 90 port in mode 0.
1002 E6 C6 OUT C6,AL Send Mode Control word

1004 E4 C0 IN AL,C0 Read port A

1006 E6 C2 OUT C2,AL Send output to port B

Initialize SI register for
1008 BE 00 11 MOV SI, 1100 output address
100B 88 04 MOV [SI],AL Store output at 1100

100D F4 HLT - Stop the program

OPERATION OF 8255 IN MODE -1 :

In this mode, the ports are divided into two groups, A and B, each of which consists of an 8
bit data port and 4 bit control lines, which are used for strobed I/O data transfer. The ports can be
configured either as input or as output.
EXAMPLE FOR PORT – B AS OUTPUT PORT IN MODE - 1 :
With this configuration, the port C lines PC1 and PC2 acts as OBF and ACK signals
respectively. The given program initialize port B as output port. The control word for this is 84. Then
it writes data 45 into port B. This write operation generates WR signal to 8255. Hence at the trailing
edge of WR, the OBF signal goes low, which can be seen by the corresponding LED going off. Now,
if INT 0 switch is pressed, a ACK goes low and corresponding LED will glow.

68
OBSERVATION

MODE -0

INPUT – PORT – A SPDT switch position:

OUTPUT :
PORT B – LED Condition:
Memory Address: 1100
Data:

MODE -1

OUTPUT:
PORT B – LED Condition:

MODE - 2

INPUT – PORT – A SPDT switch position:

OUTPUT:
PORT B – LED Condition:

69
PROGRAM :
Address Opcode Mnemonics Operand Comments
Initialize port A as Input
1000 B0 90 MOV AL, 84 port in mode 0.
1002 E6 C6 OUT C6,AL Send Mode Control word

1004 B0 45 MOV AL, 45 Load data in AL

1006 E6 C2 OUT C2,AL Send output to port B

100D F4 HLT - Stop the program

OPERATION OF 8255 IN MODE -2 :

Mode 2 provides the facility of data transfer with an I/O in both directions using strobed I/O
mode. This mode is available only for Group A, that is, port A, A part from the 8-bit bidirectional
port, there are 5 control lines (PC3 – PC7), which are used for handshaking and interrupt request.
Data can be latched in both directions.
EXAMPLE FOR PORT – A AS INPUT PORT IN MODE - 2 :
In mode -2, port A acts as a bidirectional I/O. In this mode, lines PC4 and PC5 of port C as
STB and IBF signals respectively. Configuring port A as input port and pins PC6 and PC7 acts as
ACK and OBF respectively configuring port A as output port.

PROGRAM :
Address Opcodes Mnemonics Operand Comments
Initialize port A as Input port
1000 B0 90 MOV AL, C0 in mode 0.
1002 E6 C6 OUT C6,AL Send Mode Control word

1004 F4 HLT - Stop the program

RESULT:

70
FLOW CHART: ADDTION

OUTPUT:

Address Data

(Data 1)
Input -
(Data 2)

Output 4150 (sum)

71
Date :
Ex.No. :

ARITHEMETIC OPERATIONS USING 8051

AIM:

To write an assembly language program to perform

1. Addition
2. Subtraction
3. Multiplication
4. Division
Using 8051 microcontroller.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Microcontroller kit-8051

ALGORITHM: ADDITION

1. Start the program.

2. Get the 1st and 2nd value.
3. Add the 2 values.
4. Store the result in a memory location.
5. Stop the program.
PROGRAM:

Comments
Address Label Opcode Mnemonics Operand
4100 E4 CLR A Clear A register

4101 Get immediate data

04 MOV A,#data1
Of register A
4103 03 ADD A,#data2 Add with data 1
4105 90,41,50 MOV DPTR,#4150 Initialize data pointer

4108 F0 MOVX @DPTR,A Store the results in DPTR

4109 Here 80,FE SJMP Here (4109) Loop is terminated

72
FLOW CHART: SUBTRACTION

OUTPUT

Address Data

-
(data 1)
Input
(data 2)

Outpu 5500H (difference)

73
ALGORITHM: SUBTRACTION

1. Start the program

2. Get the 1st and second value.
3. Subtract the two values.
4. Store the results in the memory location.
5. Stop the program

PROGRAM:

Address Label Opcode Mnemonics Operand Comments

5200 E4 CLR A Clear A register

5201 74 06 A,#data1 Get minuend value in A

MOV register
5203 94 05 A,#data2 Subtract data 2 from
SUBB minuend
5205 90 55 00 MOV DPTR,#5500 Initialize data pointer

5208 F0 @DPTR,A Store different pointer in

MOVX data
5209 Here 80,FE SJMP Here ( 5209) Loop is terminated

74
FLOW CHART: MULTIPLICATION

OUTPUT:

Address Data

(data1)
Input -
(data2)

4500H (Lower Byte)

Output
4501H (Higher Byte)

75
ALGORITHM: MULTIPLICATION

1. Start the program

2. Get the first and second value
3. Divide the two values
4. Store the result in data pointer
5. Stop the program

Address Label Opcode Mnemonics Operand Comments

A,#data1 Immediate data1 is moved to
4300 74 02 MOV A
4302 75 F0 03 MOV B,#data2 Data2 is moved to B

4305 A4 MUL AB Multiply A and B

DPTR,#4500 Move content from 4500 to
4306 90 45 00 MOV DPTR
@DPTR,A Move accumulator content to
4309 F0 MOVX DPTR
430A A3 INC DPTR Increment data pointer value

430B E5 F0 MOV A,B Move contents of B to A

430D F0 MOVX @DPTR,A Move A to DPTR

430E Here 80 F5 SJMP Here (430E) Loop is terminated

76
FLOW CHART: DIVISION

OUTPUT:

Address Data

- (data 1)
Input
(data 2)

4500H (Quotient)

Output 4501H (Remainder)

77
ALGORITHM: DIVISION

1. Start the program

2. Get the first and second value
3. Divide the two values
4. Store the result in data pointer
5. Stop the program

PROGRAM:

Address Label Opcode Mnemonics Operand Comments

4400 74 04 MOV A,#data1 Data1 is moved to A

4402 75 F0 02 MOV B,#data2 Data2 is moved to B

4405 84 DIV AB Divide A and B

4406 90 45 00 Move content from 4500

MOV DPTR,#4500 to DPTR
4409 F0 MOVX @DPTR,A Move A to DPTR

440A A3 INC DPTR Increment DPTR value

440B E5 F0 MOV A,B Move contents of B to A

440D F0 MOVX @DPTR,A Store the result in DPTR

440E Here 80 FE SJMP Here (440E) Loop is terminated

Particulars Max. marks Marks awarded

Algorithm 20
Program Coding 40
Execution 20
Output 10
Viva Voce 10

RESULT:

78
FLOW CHART: LOGICAL OR

OUTPUT:

Address Data

- (data)
Input
(data)

Output 4150H (logical OR)

79
Date :
Ex.No. :
LOGICAL AND & OR OPERATIONS USING 8051
AIM:

To write an assembly language program for logical operations using 8051 microprocessor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Microcontroller kit-8051

ALGORITHM:

1. Start the program

2. Get the 1st data.
3. Perform OR of 1st and the 2 nd data.
4. Store the results in the memory location.
5. Stop the program

PROGRAM:
LOGICAL OR OPERATION

Opcode
Address Label Mnemonics Operand Comments
5000 E4 CLR A Clear A register

5001 74 MOV A, #data1 Move data1 to A

5003 54 Perform OR with
ORL A,#data2 data2
5005 90 DPTR, Initialize DPTR
MOV #4150
5008 F0 Store result in DPTR
MOVX @DPTR,A
5009 Here 80 SJMP Here( 5009) Loop is terminated

80
FLOW CHART: LOGICAL AND OPERATION

OUTPUT:

Address Data

-
Data 1:
Input
Data 2:

Output 4150H

81
PROGRAM:
LOGICAL AND OPERATION

Opcode
Address Label Mnemonics Operand Comments
4100 74 MOV A, #data1 Move data1 to A register

4102 74 MOV A, #data2 Move data2 to B register

4105 72 AB ANL A,B ANL A with B

4107 F0 Move the address 4150 to

MOV DPTR,#4150 DPTR

410A F0 Store result in DPTR

MOVX @DPTR,A address

410B Here 80 FE SJMP Here (410B) Stop the program

RESULT:

82