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Chapter 3 TELE 511

The document discusses various aspects of digital communication systems such as signals, noise, receiver tasks, intersymbol interference, error performance, and filtering techniques. It describes how matched filters are designed to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio for a known transmitted signal, making them optimal for detection, while conventional filters are designed to have specific frequency responses. The summary also notes tradeoffs between the optimality and flexibility of matched versus conventional filters and their differing computational complexity.

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Carl Keaikitse
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61 views16 pages

Chapter 3 TELE 511

The document discusses various aspects of digital communication systems such as signals, noise, receiver tasks, intersymbol interference, error performance, and filtering techniques. It describes how matched filters are designed to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio for a known transmitted signal, making them optimal for detection, while conventional filters are designed to have specific frequency responses. The summary also notes tradeoffs between the optimality and flexibility of matched versus conventional filters and their differing computational complexity.

Uploaded by

Carl Keaikitse
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter Three

Performance of Digital
Communications System
Performance of Digital Communications System
Signals and Noise
Two primary causes of error-performance
degradation
(1) Effect of filtering at transmitter, channel
and receiver
(2) Electrical noise interference produce by
galaxy, atmospheric noise, switching
transients, intermodulation noise,
interference noise from other sources.
Noise and interference can be reduced or
eliminate. But the thermal motion of
electrons cannot be eliminated.
Demodulation and sampling:

• recovery of waveform to an
undistorted baseband pulse.
• Waveform recovery and preparing
the received signal for detection:
• Improving the signal power to the
noise power (SNR) using matched
Receiver filter
• Reducing ISI using equalizer
Tasks • Sampling the recovered waveform

Detection:

• the decision-making process of


selecting a digital of the waveform.
• Estimate the transmitted symbol
based on the received sample
Baseband and
bandpass
Intersymbol ISI is a form of distortion of
a signal in which
Interference (ISI) one symbol interferes with
subsequent symbols.
Cont’d...

• Delay Spread: Time it takes for


signal to die down

• Symbol Time: Original Time of


Pulse
If the delay spread is less than or
equal to the symbol time then no
ISI will result
Slow down bit Rate

How to
Reduce ISI
Pulse Shaping

When the timing pulse slices the signal to


determine the value of the signal at that
instant, it does not care what the signal
looked like before or after it.

So we could keep the symbols from


interfering in such a way that they do not
affect the amplitude at the slicing instant.
Primary causes

• Effect of filtering
• Non ideal transfer function
• Electrical noise & interference
Error
performance
Degradation In digital communications

• Depends on Eb/No
Cont’d...

• Eb/No is a measure of
normalized signal-to-noise ratio
(SNR)

• SNR refers to average signal


power & average noise
power
• Can be degrade in two ways
1.Through the decrease of
the desired signal power.
2.Through the increase of
noise power or interfering
signal.
Matched Filter

Definition
• A filter which immediately
precedes circuit in a digital
communications receiver is said
to be matched to a particular
symbol pulse, if it maximizes the
output SNR at the sampling
instant when that pulse is
present at the filter input.
• A linear filter designed to
provide the maximum signal to
noise power ratio at its output
for a given transmitted symbol
waveform.
Matched Filter versus
Conventional Filters

Matched Filter Conventional Filter


• Template that matched to the • Screen out unwanted spectral
known shape of the signal being components.
processed. • Designed to provide
• Maximizing the SNR of a known approximately uniform gain,
signals in the presence of AWGN. minimum attenuation.
• Applied to known signals with • Applied to random signals
random parameters. defined only by their bandwidth.
• Modify the temporal structure by • Preserve the temporal or spectral
gathering the signal energy structure of the signal of interest.
matched to its template &
presenting the result as a peak
amplitude.
Purpose: Designed to maximize the SNR of the
received signal. It is optimal for detecting a known
waveform in white Gaussian noise.
Impulse Response: The impulse response of a
matched filter is a time-reversed and delayed version
of the signal to be detected.

Matched Frequency Response: The frequency response is


matched to the spectrum of the signal, rather than a
fixed frequency range.
Filter Applications: Widely used in radar, sonar, digital
communications for coherent detection.

Noise Performance: Excellent in minimizing the effect


of noise due to its SNR maximization property.

Computational Complexity: Generally higher because


it is tailored to the specific signal.
Conventional Filters (Low-pass,
High-pass, Band-pass)

• Purpose: Designed to allow certain frequencies to pass


while attenuating others.
• Impulse Response: Determined by the type of filter
(e.g., Butterworth, Chebyshev) and not related to any
specific signal.
• Frequency Response: Fixed based on design
requirements (e.g., cut-off frequency, roll-off rate).
• Applications: General signal processing tasks, audio
processing, image filtering, etc.
• Noise Performance: Good for their specific design
intentions but not necessarily optimal for SNR.
• Computational Complexity: Generally lower than
matched filters as they are not tailored to a specific signal.
Optimality: Matched filters are
optimal for detection in the presence
of noise, while conventional filters are
optimal for specific frequency
characteristics.
Flexibility: Conventional filters are
Summary more versatile for a range of
applications, whereas matched filters
are specifically tailored for a
particular signal.
Implementation: Matched filters
often require more computational
resources for real-time applications
compared to conventional filters.
Numerical Problems

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