SUPERSTRUCTURE

A superstructure is an upward extension of an existing structure above a baseline

called Ground Level in general and it usually serves the purpose of the structure's intended
use. In Buildings, the portion of the structure that is above ground level that receives the live
load is referred to as Superstructure. The superstructure of a building is the part that is
entirely above its foundation or basement.
Generally, columns and walls are constructed in super structure. Following are the
important parts of super-structure.
 Frame: Load-bearing framework. Main floor and roof beams, ties and roof trusses of
framed buildings; casing to stanchions and beams for structural or protective
purposes.
 Upper floors: Suspended floors over, or in basements, service floors, balconies,
sloping floors, walkways and top landings, where part of the floor rather than part of
the staircase.
 Roof: Roof structure, roof coverings, roof drainage, roof lights and roof features.
 Stairs and ramps: Construction of ramps, stairs, ladders, etc. connecting floors at
different levels.
 External walls: External enclosing walls including walls to basements but excluding
walls to basements designed as retaining walls.
 Windows, doors and openings in external walls.
 Internal walls, partitions, balustrades, moveable room dividers, cubicles and the like.
 Doors, hatches and other openings in internal walls and partitions
Machineries that involved Superstructure
1. Earth movers
2. Excavators
3. Scrappers
4. Trucks rolling
Risk
 Emissions to air, can causes global warming will become more obviously
 Releases to water, they may not damage the human health, but the bad smell will
affect the working condition for worker.
 Releases to land, the soil contamination will happen; the soil will become harmful to
the existing tree and plant. This effect will not disappear in a short time; it is a long
term effect.
 Use of raw materials and natural resources, the root of the tree can hold tightly to the
soil, when the tree is cut, more chance to happen landslide in sloping area.
 Use of energy and f) energy emitted, huge vibration will easily get settlement in
adjacent buildings. Also the noise will annoy people and become noise pollution.
Quality
1. Management responsibility
 We need to define different quality duty of different position of Executive Committee,
Project Manager, Construction Quality Assurance Manager, Design Quality Assurance
Manager, Sampling and Testing Personnel, Staff Inspectors, Testing Technician,
Geotechnical Engineer & Pile Driving Analyst, QA Surveyor and Construction Manager. For
example the duty of the Project Manager is responsible for organization and maintenance of a
document control system for all quality data, coordinate quality check point in quality control
programme reviews, and ensure reviews coordinated with outside entities.
2. Objective of the quality plan
 Consistency meets the standard and requirement of the client
 To deliver the project on time with agree quality and prize
 To maintain and continually improve the quality of management systems
 To maintain and continually improve the quality of whole project
3. Establish the quality policy
 To achieve the highest standard and quality of the project, it should be provided
highly professional construction team.
 Establish the long-term relationship between supplier and sub-contractor
 Follow the standard of ISO9001_2008.
 The construction work must under the supervision and inspection by authorize
people.
 Provide training to the worker who is the first time come on the site.
 When any problems arise, the solving method should not be downgraded the
target quality.
 Communicate the expectations of this Policy to all employees and stakeholders.
 Fulfill the client requirement
 Treating all our employees with respect, equality and fairness
4. Resource management
 For human resource, we need to provide training to teach them how to properly
use the equipments, also demonstrate the require standard for them to reach the
require quality.
 For material purchase and selection, we need to choose a properly material with
suitable budget. Since the prize will directly affect the quality, so the budget
arrangement is very important. Well-known and reputation supplier company
should be selected to ensure the material quality.
5. Inspection testing and quality audit
 We should establish the acceptable standard to the worker like accepted level of
defection. After the standard is published, we need to provide suitable testing to
ensure that they can reach the require standard. Then, it will be recorded for future
improvement.
 An internal quality audit system will introduce in this project and it will be
implemented during each phase of the project.
6. Document control
 Establish the recording system and process to control Project Documents at each
Project Phase.
 Ensure that the latest information is provided to the all staff and workers, so they
shall use the update information to process the construction work
Safety
We must ensure that the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is the last resort
after exhausting the hazard control. The PPE includes Safety helmet, safety footwear, UV
protection (e.g. long sleeve shirts, wide brim hats, 15+ sunscreen) and eye, hearing and
respiratory protection The selection and procurement must choose appropriate PPE with the
qualification. We should provide suitable training to the worker to show how to use, storage
and maintenance of the PPE. For example, we need to provide the safety helmet’s cabinet to
store them.