Prepared by

NATHANIEL A. ALIGUYON, LPT, MAT

Lesson Objectives:

1) Identify the types of communication in

relation to mode, context, purpose, and style.

2) Explain the various communication models.

3) Discuss the value of communication in

enhancing one’s personal and professional
relationships.

4) Recognize the importance of a code in ethics in

communication.
A. Types according to Mode

1) Verbal and Non-verbal

2) Visual communication
 is using speech or spoken
word to exchange information, emotions, and thoughts.
Conversely, is conveying
and exchanging messages without the use of spoken
words, such as facial expressions, gestures,
paralinguistics (such as loudness or tone of
voice)body language, proxemics or personal space,
eye gaze, haptics (touch), and appearance.
A. Types according to Mode

2) V i s u a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n u s e s s i g n s ,
symbols, imagery, maps, graphs, charts,
diagrams to convey information. Visuals
have greater success in catching attention.
Thus, graphic elements in presentations
such as color, size, shape, number of words,
design in must be considered with care.
A. Types according to Mode

Communication mode refers to the channel

through which one uses to express his intent.

q Face-to-face
q Video (Skype, Facebook messenger, Viber,
WhatsApp, Apple FaceTime)
q Audio (Telephone, voice message, voice mail)
q Text-based ( e-mail, facsimile, text messaging,,
social networking sites such as network sites
such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram)
Face-to-face Video Audio

Text-based
B. Types according to Context

1) Intrapersonal Communication means

talking to oneself. Some label it as self or
inner talk, inner monologue or inner dialogue.
Psychologists call it with other names as self-
verbalization or self statement.
Contemplating Asking oneself Imagining to be
on a decision a question or talking to
made or to be encouraging oneself
made oneself
B. Types according to Context

2) Interpersonal Communication is an
interactive exchange between or among
interlocutors. It is meant to establish or deepen
one’s relationship with others. However, if the
objective is to achieve something at the end of the
conversation, it becomes transactional.
 Casual talks
between friends Friendly
about experiences conversations
B. Types according to Context

3) Extended Communication involves the use

of electronic media to include telephone,
audio and phone conferencing; video
conferencing; Skype calls; and other
technological means.
B. Types according to Context

4) Organizational Communication focuses on

communication in organizational context. For an
organization to be successful, a system of
communication should be put in place. A set of rule or
standards for communication protocol should be clear
so that interaction patterns are established. On the part
of the individual, he/she should be equipped with the
needed oral and written communication skills that the
organization expects him/her to possess.
 Business
presentations
Communication
using technical
Protocols, rules
terms in the field
and regulations,
Business
memorandums,
correspondence,
orders, notice, etc.
technical writing
skills
C. Types according to Purpose
and Style

1) Formal communication employs formal language

delivered orally or in written form. Lectures, speech,
research and project proposals, reports and business
letters, among others are all considered formal situations
and writings.
 News/Reports

Project Proposals

Research
Lectures, speech
C. Types according to Purpose
and Style

2) Informal Communication does not employ formal

language. It involves personal and ordinary
conversations with friends, family members and
acquaintances. The purpose is to socialize and to
enhance relationships.
 Casual talks among Natural setting, more
friends (Marites, Maricon) relaxed, descriptive
and acquaintances; no and not prescriptive
strict rules to follow
COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
Communication has certain elements and follows a
process. In the diagram, notice that the sender encodes a
message that the receiver decodes. If the message is well
received, the receiver in turn sends a feedback or a
response. In some situations, there are barriers or
disturbances that disrupt communication.
To make you an effective verbal communicator, you
should be a communicator who:

• Clarifies
• Listens
• Encourages empathically
• Acknowledges
• Restates/repeats
To make you an effective nonverbal communicator, you
should be a communicator who:

• Relaxes
• Opens up
• Leans toward the other person
• Establishes eye contact
• Shows appropriate facial expressions
 BARRIER

CHANNEL

SENDER RECEIVER
(encodes) BARRIER (decodes)

FEEDBACK

BARRIER
BARRIER
Effective communication requires the message to be:

• Clear and concise

• Accurate
• Relevant to the needs of the receiver
• Timely
• Meaningful
• Applicable to the situation
Effective communication requires the sender to:

• Know the subject well

• Be interested in the subject
• Know the audience members and establish a
rapport with them
• Speak at the level of the receiver
• Choose an appropriate communication channel
The channel should be:

• Appropriate
• Affordable
• Appealing
The receiver should:

• Be aware, interested, and willing to accept the

message
• Listen attentively
• Understand the value of the message
• Provide feedback
Communication
Models
Communication can be a one-way or two-way process.
Commincation as a one-way process is best illustrated in
the first four models where the sender is active while
the receiver is passive during the commincation
process. On the other hand, in a two-way model, the
messages, information, or ideas are sent and received
at the same time. Hence, the sender and the receiver
become active during the process.
Transactional Model
As per prior discussion:

Other more specific barriers are:

Communication
Barriers
§ Language
§ Values and beliefs
§ Sex/gender and age
§ Economic status
§ Educational level
§ Physical barriers
§ Attitude
§ Timing
§ Understanding of message
§ Trust
 TOPIC 4:
FUNCTIONS OF
COMMUNICATION
In every communication situation, there is always a
purpose. For example, teachers speak to students to
impart knowledge, motivational speakers upload their
speeches to inspire their viewers and politicians lay
down their platforms to encourage people to vote for
them. The following are some of the functions of
communication:
1) Informative Function

We want to inform other people of what we

know – facts, information, and knowledge. In
school, most of our speaking activities are
directed to get and give information to develop
or improve our knowledge and skills.
2) Instructive Function

Many times, older people who hold important

information, and those in higher rank
communicate to instruct people on what to
do, when and where to do them, and on why
and how to do them.
3) Persuasive Function

You may find yourself wanting to influence the

opinion of others to believe and accept your
stand or claim on an issue or problem; so,
you think of strategies on how to persuade
them to change their perspectives or opinion.
4) Motivational Function

We communicate to entice and direct people

to act and reach their objectives or goals in
life. In the process, we use positive language to
make them realize that their actions lead them
to something beneficial for their being
5) Aesthetic Function

We use communication for pleasure and

enjoyment.
6) Therapeutic Function or Emotional Expression

Communication is curative and serves to maintain

good health. Sometimes, talking to a person does not
mean asking for his help; we talk to another person
merely to vent our feelings. After we talk, we find
ourselves in a much better condition.
7) Regulation or Control

People use communication to maintain control

over other people’s attitude and behavior. Your
parents use it to guide, inspire, or reprimand you
when you seem to lose control over your schedule,
studies, and relationships, among others.
8) Social Interaction

Communication helps us start, maintain, regulate, or

even end relationships with other people. We
usually establish a positive climate at home, in school,
and in the workplace by greeting the people around us
and by exchanging pleasantries with them.