| UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA © | Office of the Registrar < Refi SUiAcadl BEF November/o.5 /2020 Notification a ‘The Academic Council in its meeting held on 18.06.2020 has. approved the following EX __reeommendations made by the Board of Faculty of Sciences in its meeting held on 05.06.2020. The &\ & Syndicate in its meeting held on 27.07.2020 has also endorsed the decision of Academic Court, 1. Revised Scheme of Studies and Curriculum of BS Zoology, under Semester / Term System from session 2020 (Annex"A’) : ole 2. Course contents ‘Introduction to Biology” for other departments (Antiex-"B") Revised Scheme of Studies of MSc Zoology uncer Annual System from session 2020 (Annex-C°) , 4. Revised Scheme of Studies and Curriculum of MSc Semester / Term System from session 2020 (Annex-"D') : 5. Revised Scheme of Studies and, Curriculum of MPhil Zoology from sessish :2020 (Annex“E") 6. Revised Scheme of Studies and Curriculum cf PhD Zoology from session 2020 ‘snnex- F) ; ‘| ba od Facog / : gry tees ad) fi Lease a yl ae Y ae Distribution: ‘ ~ Chairman, Department of Zoology 0» ff = Director, Sub-Campus Bhakkar AMI A+ (2-U-200A = Controller of Examinations = Principals of all affiliated colleges (convemed) DEY #, _ Web-Developer (for uploading en university web-site) Ce: Focal Person. Faculty of Sciences Deputy Registrar (Affiliation) Deputy Registrar (Registration) Secretary to the Vice-Chancellor - — P.Ato RegistrarSCHEME OF STUDY FOR BS ZOOLOGY (SEMESTER/TERM SYSTEM) (Applicable from 2020) DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA SARGODHA - PAKISTANDepartment of Zoology University of Sargodha ‘To be implemented from September 2020 SEMESTER -I Course Category [Course Code [Course Tile Credits OMPULSORY-1_[URCE-5101 (Grammar 364) | SENERAL-1 BOTN-S1O1___ Diversity of Plants asl) ENERAL 1 CHEM-S101 Physical Chemistry a=) FOUNDATION — ZOOL-5101 Animal Diversity-I (Invertebrates) age) L [Total Credits 18, SEMESTER-IL ‘Course Category | Course Code | Course Title IMPULSORY-Il] [URCE-5102 [Language Comprehension & Presentation Skills 7 ‘OMPULSORY-IV_[ORCI-5105 tamic Studies 240) ENERAL- IMT [BOTN-S102 [Plant Systematics, Anatomy and 4Git) velopment/Embry ology (GENERAL ENESI02 fnorganic Chemistry Waly FOUNDATION- (ZOOL-5102__[Animal Diversity-Il (Chordates) 4G) [Total Credits a SEMESTER-IE (Course Category [Course Code [Course Title Credits | JDOMPULSORY-VI JURCE-5103 [Academie Weng 310) “OMPULSORY-VII [URCI-3109 Introduction to Information & Communication | 3@2#1) [Tectmotogi ENERAL-V POTN S103 atl Biology, Genetics and Evorution ae ENERAL- VI [CHEM-S103__[Organie Chemistry 4G) [ROUNDATION-IiT_ [ZOOL-5103 wnimal Form & Function-1 4G) 7 [Total Credits 8 SEMESTER-IV [Course Category [Course Code [Course Title Credits OMPULSORY-VIIJURCE-5104 [introduction to English Literature 364) (AJOR-T (Z00L-s104 [Animal Form & Function-II aga) _| jENERAL- Vii ICES101 __ General Sociology —T 3640) | IMAIOR-tL fOOL-5103 Biological Techniques 30172) JENERAL- Vil __PSYC-5101 Perdloe/Georanine Catzoduction to aaa sychology Minor) nee [GOMPOLSORY-V_JORCP-5106 Pakistan Studies 7 2a) Total Credits 8SEMESTER-V ‘Course Category [Course Code (Course Title Credits FOUNDATION-IV_ 200-6106 Research Methodology 2G1) FOUNDATION-V__ 2001-6107 [Economic Zoology 321) FOUNDATION-Vi__Z00L-6108 [Biochemistry cen) TAIOR-AL [Z0OL-6109 fell and Molecular Biology qn _| FOUNDATION-VX ZOOL-6110 [Evolution & Principles of Systernaics Ga) Total Credits 7 SEMESTER-VI See (Course Category Course Code [Course Title Grats (AIORV OL-11T yysiology au) iATOR-V ZOOL-6112 [ecology 3G) [MAJOR-VI ZOOL-6113 __Pevelopmental Biology a0) (AIOR-VIT ZOOL-6114 jenetics ia? 4G) JOR-VIUT FOOL-6115 ___|Wildlife 3-0) [Total Credits _ 8 SEMESTER-VII__ a HE [Course Category [Course Code [Course Tate Credits MAIORIX ZOOL-GXXX_ fipecial Paper A1/ Thesis (Univ. Option) (a3) | [COMPULSORVAX ZOOL-6116 _ Pioslatisties Univ. Option fe | (aaa [ZOOL-GXXX Special Paper A2/ 3e) 001-6130 __ Univ. Option Ichthyology ELECTIVE.TT POOLEXXK Univ. Option Principles & Kinetics OFToswolowy | 43) | \Z00L-6140 GAIOR-X __ZOOL-6117 __ [Bioinformatics 30 _| [otal Credits | ‘SEMESTER-VIII [Course Category [Course Code [Course Title Credits IMAJOR-XT JZOOL-6118 [Animal Behavior He 340) (AJOR XIE ZOOL-6XXX _ Special Paper B1/ Thesis (Univ. Option) BHO jeLECTIVE-i ZOOL-6XXX fpecial Paper BP 3@4) /zO01-6122 _ |Univ. Option=Biotechnology : ELECTIVE ZOOL-6XXX_[niv. Option 3H) MAJOR-XU ZOOL-6119 -__Zoogeography & Paleantology IV-cee [Fotal Credits is] ‘TOTAL CREDITS 136 : 4 < 3ANNEXUREI (LIST OF OPTIONAL COURSES) Course Codes Course Title Credits ZOOL-6120 ‘Aquaculture 3@+D) ZOOL-6121 Biodiversity and Wildlife 32+ | ZOOL 6122, Biotechnology 3@+1) ZOOL-6123 ‘Comparative Developmental Biology 3@+1) ZOOL-6124 Endocrinology 3@41) ZOOL-6125) Entomology-t 7 3241) ZOOL-6126 Entomology-11 Bee 321) ZOOL-6127 Environmental Issues 324) ZOOL-6128 Fish Physiology and Breeding 324) ZOOL-6129 Hematology 3G) ZOOL-6130 Tebthyology 3@=1) ZOOL-6i31 Immunology 341) ZOOL-6132 Integrated Pest Management 341) ZOOL-6135, Microbiology I 3@1) ZOOL-6134 Microbiology-Il 3@4) ZOOL-6135 Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology 3) ZOOL-6136 ‘Omithology 3@1) ZOOL-6137 Physiological Systems and Adaptations 3241) ZOOL-6138 Physiology of Reproduction 3@41) ZOOL-6139 Principles of Parasitology 3@1) ZOOL-6140 Principles & Kineties of Toxicology 3)SEMESTER I URCE-S101 Grammar 340) ‘The course introduces the students to the underlying rules to acquire and use language in academic context. The course aims at developing grammatical cornpetence of the earners to use grammatical Structures in context in order to make the experience of learning English more meaningfal enabling the students to meet their rea life communication needs. The objectives of the course are to, reinforce the basics of grammar, understand the basic meaningful units of language, and introduce the ‘functional aspects of grammatical categories and to comprehend language use by practically working on the grammatical aspects of language in academic settings. After studying the course, students ‘would be able to use the language efficiently in academic and real Iife situations and integrate the basic language skills in speaking and writing. The students would be able to work in # competitive environment at higher education level to cater withthe Jong term learners’ needs. Contents 1, Parts of speech 2. Noun and its types 3. Pronoun and its types 4, Adjective and its types 5, Verb and its types 6. Adverb and its types 7. Prepositions and its types, 8. Conjunction and its types 9. Phrases and its different types 10, Clauses and its different types 11. Sentence, parts of sentence and types of sentence 12. Synthesis of sentence 13. Conditional sentences 14. Voices 15, Narration, 16. Punctuation 17. Common grammatical errors and their corrections Recommended Texts 1. Eastwood, J. (2011), A basic English grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2. Swan, M. 018). Practical English usage (8% ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ‘Suggested Readings 1. Thomson, A. J, & Martinet, A. V. (1986). 4 practical English grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2. Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, &., Finegan, E., & Quitk, R. (1999). Longman grammar of spoken and written English, Harlow Essex: MIT Press. 3, Hunston, S., & Francis, G. (2000). Pattere grammar: A corpus-driven approach to the lexical ‘grammar of English, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, /URCM-S101 Introduction to Mathematics 3G) ‘This course is built upon the mathematical concepts, principles and techniques that are useful in almost al] undergraduate programs. The main objectives of the course are to enhance student’s ‘competency in application of mathematical concepts in solving problems and to improve their level of {quantitative approach. Upon the successful completion of this course students would be able to develop understanding: Mathematical functions, Building and solving linear and quadratic equations, Matrices and Determinants with epplication, sequences and series, and basic Financial Mathematics “To prepare the students, not majoring in matheraatis, withthe essential tools of financial algebra and geometry to apply the concepts and the techniques in their respective disciplines. Contents 1. Linear Equations and Quadratic Equations: Formation of Lineer equation 2. Solving Lineat equation involving one variable 3. Solution of Quadratic equation by factorization method 4. Solution of quadratic equation by square completion methods 5. Solution of quadratic equation by quadratic formula 6. Application of quadratic equation 7. Sequences and Series 8, Matrices and Determinants: Introduction of matrices 9. Types of matrices 10, Matrix operations 11, Inverse of matrix 12, The determinants and its properties 13, Solution of system of linear equations by determinants: Cramer's rule, Inverse Matrices Method 14, Mathematics of Finance: Simple interest 15. Compound interest 16. Annuities 17, Sets and Sets Operations 18, Permutation and combinations 19. Introduction to mathematical induction and binomial theorem 20. Basic Concepts of Trigonometry 21. Fundamental Identities of Trigonometry Recommended Texts 1. Frank, S. B. (1993). Applied mathematics for business, economics, and the social sciences (4 ed). New York: McGraw-Hill publisher. 2, Nauman. K. (2019). Basfe mathematis-I algebra and trigonometry (2* ed.) Lahore: A-Hassan Pub. Suggested Readings 1. Kanfimane, J. E. (1994). College algebra and trigonometry (3#ed.). Boston: PWS-Kent Pub. Co. 2 Swokowski, E. W. (1993). Fundamentals of algebra and trigonometry (8* ed). Boston: PWS Kent Pub. Co.BOTN-S101 Diversity of Plants 4GH) ‘This course offers an evolutionary survey of the origin and diversification of land plants through geological time. Plants are one of the most successful and abundant groups of organisms on earth. ‘comprising the majority of terrestrial biomass, being integral to ecosystem structure, and providing ‘humans with food, shelter, and materials. The course will start with the green algae and on how plants nay have transitioned from aquatic to the land environment, Land plants that will be discussed include bryophytes, lycophytes, pleridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms with emphasis on representative fossil and living taxa. Curriculum will emphasize on life histories, anatomical and morphological adaptations, ecology and climate change, extinction, phylogenetics, economic importance, and conservation strategies of representative taxa, The laboratory will provide ample hands-on opportunities for analysis of plant anatomy and morphology. reproductive mechanisms. evolutionary adaptations, and identification of a variety of living and preserved specimens. Plants are rmulti-cellular and mostly photosynthetic organisms which found essentially everywhere, both in water and on land. Contents 1. Comparative study of life form, structure, reproduction and economic significance of: Viruses (RNA and DNA types) with special reference to TMV 2. Bacteria and Cyanobacteria (Nostoc, Anabaena, Oscillatoria) with specific reference to bio fertilizers, pathogenicity and industrial importance; 3, Algao (Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra, Chara, Vaucheria, Pinnularia, Ectocarpus, Polysiphonia) 4, Fungi (Mucor, Penicilium, Phyllactinia, Ustllago, Puccinia, Agaricus) their implication on crop production and industriel applications. 5. Lichens (Physcia) Bryophytes (Riccia, Anthoceres, Funaria) 7. Preridophytes: Psilopsida (Psilorum), Pteropsida (Marsilea), Sphenopsida (Equiserum) Lycopsida (Selaginelta) 8. Gymnosperms (Cyas, Pinus, Ephedra) 9, Angiosperms: Monocot (Pozceae) , Dieot (Solanaceae) Practical 1. Culturing, maintenance, preservation and staining of microorganisms. 2). Study of morphology and reproductive structures of the types mentioned in theory 3, Identification of various types mentioned from prepared slides and fresh collections Recommended Texts 1. Bellinger, E. G., & Sigee, D. C. (2015). Freshwater Algae. New Jersey: Wiley Publishers. 2. Prestre, P. G. 2017). Governing Global Biodiversity: The Evolution and Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Singapore: Routledge Publishers. Suggested Readings 1. Sen, B., & Grillo, ©. (2018) Selected suaies in biodiversity. London: Intech Open Publishers. 2, Zotz, G. (2016), Plants on plants: The biology of vascular epiphytes. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 3. Cronk, J.K., & Fennessy, M. S. (2016). Wetland plants: biology and ecology. Florida:CRC Press. 4. Pullaiah, T, Bahadur, B., & Murthy, K. (2015), Plant biodiversity: Berlin: Springer-Verlag.CHEM-5101 Physical Chemistry 4+) ‘This course is the first part of this program, introduction to Physical Chemistry. This foundation coarse of physical chemistry covers basic knowledge and its application for learning chemical principles of physics to chemistry, This offers complementary epprosch to the, fundamental Thderstanding of chemical systems. Students ‘will acquire knowledge to enable themselves to nderstand the kinetic theory of gases, collision theory of reactions, fundamental principles and laws bf thermodynamies and chemical equilibria and to investigate the physical properties of ideal/inon- {deal binary solutions. Students will also be able to study the rates of reactions and perform related taleulations. The general goal of learning physical chemistry is to obtain a vision of matter-energy felationship in physical and chemical systems. Learning objectives emphasized in CHEM 5101 jvolve developing an understanding of basic principles of physical chemistry. Students learned in {dass to modem physical chemistry techniques ‘which give them opportunities to see how Physical ‘Chemists are solving current, real-world problems. Contents 1. Blementary Mathematics: Logarithmic, exponential and trigonometric functions, differen tlementary functions, methods of differentiation & integration, significance of differentiation & integration. 2. Physical States of Mater: Gases (van der Waal's equation, critical Phenomena, Critical values of TP &V., liquification of gases, molecular collisions, collision diameter, mean free path) Liquids (Viscosity, Parachor value, Refractive index, molar refiaction and its eplications. Dipote moment, Solids (Unit cells. Bragg crystal analysis, crystal structure of NaCl, powder method of crystal structure analysis). ‘hiomie Structure: De Brogile equation. Schrodinger wave equation, solution for particle in ID. tox, quantization concept, Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, Pauli Exclusion Prinefple, Hand's Role. 4, Chemical Thermodynamics: First law of thermodynamics, state functions, isothermal and fdiabatic processes in ideal gases, heat capacity, reversible and irreversible processes Spontaneous and non-spontancous processes, second law of thermodynamics, change of entropy with change in T, PV. 5. Chemical Equilibrium: Law of Mass Action, equilibrium constant, relationship between Ke, Kp, Kec and Ka and LeChaterlier’s Principle. 6. Solutions: composition, ideal and non-ideal solutions. Raoult’s law. Colligative properties, ‘cbullioscopy, eryoscopy, osmotic pressure, distillation and concept of azeotropes. 4. Chemical Kinetics: Zero. first and second order reaction, Arrhenius equation, activation energy. [Lindemann’s mechanism, collision theory and transition state theory. 8. Electrochemistry: Conductance, dependence of conductance on the nature of solvent and temperature, Kohirausch’s law and its applications, measurement of conductance strong and weak electrolytes, degree of dissociation. Practical Determination of surface tension and Parachor value by stalagmometer, Determination of percent composition of liquid solutions from surface tension measurement. Determination of viscosity and Rhechot value of liquids from viscosity measurement. Determination of percent composition of liquid solutions viscometricelly. Determination of refrective index and molar refractivity by refractometer. ‘Determination of percent composition of liquid solutions by refractive index measurements. Determination of heat of solution by solubility method. Determination of heat of neutralization of an acid with a base.9. Akinetic study of acid hydrolysis of ethyl acetate, 10. Kinetic study of saponification of ethyl acetate 11, Determination of molecular weight of a compound by elevation in boiling point. (Ebullioscopic method). 12, Determination of molecular weight of a compound by lowering of freezing point (The Cryoscopic methods). 13, Determination of equilibrium constant of KI - 12 K13. 14, Conductomettic titration of strong acid and strong base. Recommended Texts 1. Atkins, P., Paula, J, & Keeler, J. 2017). Atkins’ physical chemisiry (11% ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2. Kuhn, H., Forsterling, IL, & Waldeck, D. H. (2009). Principles of physical chemistry (2 ed.) New Jersey: Wiley Publisher. Suggested Readings 1. Akhtar, M.N., & Nabi, G. (2006). Textbook of physical chemistry. Lahore: Imi Kitab Khawna. 2. Das, R.C., & Behera, B. (2003). Experimental physical chemistry. Dethi: Tata MeGraw Hil.ZOOL-S101 Animal Diversity-I (Invertebrates) 4GH) ‘This course will provide the knowledge of evolutionary/phylogenetic relationship. It imparts the basic taxonomic characteristics and classification of all the invertebrate phyla. This includes more than 95% of all ofthe described species of animals and far more than 99% of all of the individual animals on the planet, The central theme runming throughout this course will be phylogeny. It provides understanding ‘of body organization, mode of feeding, digestion, reproduction and development of invertebrates. It delivers information to students about economic and ecological importance of invertebrates, Students will understand invertebrate organismal concepts in laboratory and field. The primary objectives for the laboratory section of this course includes; introduction of structure, function and behavior of selected invertebrate types through the observation of both living and preserved specimens, to reinforce basic Inboratory skills of students like microscopy, dissection and careful observation, 10 provide students with the ability to recognize the major groups of invertebrate and to increasing ‘understanding of the methods of investigating animal evolution Contents 1. Introduction; classification of organisms, evotutionary relationships and tree diagrams: patterns of organization 2, Animal-like protists: the protozoa: evolutionary perspective; life within a single plasma membrane, symbiotic life-styles, Protozoon taxonomy, pseudopodia and amoeboid locomotion; cilia and other pellicular structure, nutrition; genetic control and reproduction; symbiotic ciliates, further phylogenetic consideration. 3, Multicellular and tissue levels of organization: Evolutionary Perspective, Origins of Malticellalarity; Animal Origins, Phylum’ Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Characters and Classification, Maintenance functions. 4, The triploblastic and with seoelomate body plan: Phylum Platyhelminthes, Phylum Nematode, Gastrotricha, evolutionary perspective; classification up to class, body plan and functions. 5, Pseudocoelomate body plan: Phylum Aschelminths, evolutionary perspective: general characteristics; classification up to order with external features, feeding and digestive system; other organ system; reproduction and development including Phylum Rotifere, Phylum Nematoda and Phylum Kinorkyncha. some important nematode parasites of human, 6. Phyhun Mollusca: evolutionary perspective; relationship to other animals; origin of the coelom; characteristics, classification up to class. the characteristics of shell and associated structures, feeding, digestion, gas exchange, locomotion, reproduction and development, other maintenance functions and diversity in gastropods, bivalves and cephalopods, 7. Phylum Annclida: the metamerie body form; evolutionary perspective; relationship to other animals, metamerism and tag-matization, classification up to class. external structure and locomotion, feeding and the digestive system, gas exchange and circulation, nervous and sensory functions, excretion, regeneration, reproduction and development, Polychaeta, Oligochaeta and Hiradinea, Further phylogenetic consideration. 8, Phylum Arthropoda: evolutionary perspective: classification and relationship to other animals; ‘metamerism and tagmatization; the exoskeleton; metamorphosis; classification up to class. 9, The Hexapods and Myriapods: evolutionary perspective: classification upto class. external structure and locomotion, nutrition and the digestive system. gas exchange, circulation and temperature regulation, nervous and seasory functions, excretion, chemical regulation, reproduction and development in hexapoda, insects behavior, insect and humen. yf10, Phylum Eehinoderms: evolutionary perspective: reletionship to other animals; echinoderm ‘characteristics; classification up to class, maintenance functions, regeneration, reproduction, and development in Asteroida, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuridea and Crinoidea. 11. Some lesser known Invertebrates: Lophorates, Entoprocts, Cycliophores, and Cheatognaths. Practical : ‘Note: Classification of each members of each phylum upto order with adaptions in relation to habitat of the specimen, Preserved specimen and colored projection slide and CD ROM projection ‘of computer must be used. 1, Stidy of Euglena, Amoeba, Endameba, Plasmodium, Trypanosome, Paramecium as representative of animal like Protists. Study of representatives of Phylum Porifera and prepared stides of spicules of sponges ‘Study of principal representatives of classes of Phylum Coelenterate, ‘Study of principal representatives of classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes. Siudy of representatives of phylum Rotifer, Phylum Nematode. Study of principal representatives of classes of Phylum Mollusca, Study of principal representatives of classes of Phylum Annelida. Study of principal representatives of classes of groups of Phylum Arthropoda Study of representatives of classes of Phylum Echinodermta (0. Preparation of permanent mount of Leucosolenia, Obelia, Hydra, Proglottid of ‘Tapeworm, Parapodia of Nereis and Daphnia. Drawing and labeling. 11. Preparation of petmaneat slide of mouthpart of insects (after dissection). 12. How to make grade-wise series for preparation of temporary and permanent slides. ‘Recommended Texts 1. Miller, A. S, & Harley, J.B. (1999, 2002, 2007, 2008, 2012 & 2016). Zoology 4", 3", 6°. 7", 8°, 0° 10"ed,). Singapore: McCraw Fill. 2, Hickman, C.P., Roberts, L. C, & Larson, A. (2007). Antegrated principles of zoology (11th & 12th ed.) Singapore: McGraw-Hill, Suggested Readings 1. Hickman, C. P., Roberts, L. C., & Larson, A. (2018), Integrated principles of zoology (15"ed). Singapore: McGraw-Hill. 2, Pechenik, J. A. (2015). Biology of vertebrates (7"ed.). Singapore: McGraw-Hill 3. Kent, GC, & Miller, S. (2001). Comparative anatomy of vertebrates. New York: MeGraw-Hil "SEMESTER IT URCE-S102 Language Comprehension & Presentation Skills G+) ‘The course aims at developing linguistic competence by focusing on basic language skills in integration to make the use of Tanguage in context. It also aims at developing students’ skills in reading and reading comprehension of written texts in various contents. The course also provides ‘assistance in developing student's vocabulary building skills as well as their critical thinking skills. ‘The contents of the course are designed on the basis of these language skills: listening skill, prouunciation skills, comprehension skills end presentation skill. The course provides practice in Eecurate pronunciation, stress and intonation patterns and critica listening skills for different contents ‘The students require a grasp of English language to comprehend texts as organic whole, to interact with reasonable ease in structured situations, and to comprehend and construct academic discourse. “The course objectives are to enhance students’ language skill management capacity, to comprehend text(@) in context, to respond to language in context, and to write structured response(s). Contents Listening skills Listening to isolated sentences and speech extracts Managing listening and overcoming barriers to listening Expressing opinions (debating current events) and oral synthesis of thoughts and ideas Pronunciation skills Recognizing phonemes, phonemic symbols and syllables, pronouncing words correctly ‘Understanding and practicing stress pattems and into nation pattems in simple sentences ‘Comprehension skills 9. Reading strategies, summarizing, sequencing, inferencing, comparing and contrasting 10. Drawing conclusions, self-questioning, problem-solving. relating background knowledge 11. Distinguishing between fact and opinion, finding the main idea, and supporting details 12. Text organizational patterns, investigating implied ideas, purpose and tone of the text 13, Critical reading, SQ3R method 14, Presentation skills, features of good presentations, different types of presentations 15. Different patterns of introducing a presentation, organizing arguments in a presentation 16. Tactics of maintaining interest of the audience, dealing with the questions of audience 17. Concluding a presentation, giving suggestions and recommendations Recommended Texts 1 Mikulecky, B.S, & Jefies, L. 2007). Advanced reading power: Extensive reading, vocabulary building, comprehension skills, reading faster. New York: Pearson. 2. Helgesen, M,, & Brown, S. (2004). Aetive listening: building skills for understanding. ‘Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Suggested Readings 1 Roach, C.A., & Wyatt, N. (1988). Successful listening. New York: Harper & Row. 2 Horowitz, R, & Samuels, S. J, (1987). Comprehending oral and written language. San Diego: ‘Academic Press.URCI-S105, ISLAMIC STUDIES 2@+0) Islamic Studies engages in the study of Islam as a textual tradition inscribed in the fundamental spurees of Islam; Qur'an and Hadith, history and particular cultural contexts. The area secks to provide an introduction to and a specialization in Islam through a large variety of expressions (literary, poetic, social, and political) and through a variety of methods (literary criticism, hermeneutics, history, sociology, and anthropology). It offers opportunities to get fully introductory foundational bases of Islam in fields that include Qur’anic studies, Hadith and Seerah of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), Islamic philosophy, and Islamic law, culture and theology through the textual sudy of Qur'an and Sunnah, Islamic Studies is the academic study of Islam and Islamic culture, tt majorly comprises of the importance of life and that after death. It fs one of the best systems of ‘dueation, which makes an ethical groomed person with the qualities which he/she should have as a human being, The basic sources of the Islamic Studies are the Holy Qur'an nd Sunnah or Hadith of the Holy Prophet Mukammad®. The leaming of the Qur'an and Sunnah guides the Muslims to live peacefilly ‘Comtenis study of the Qur'an (Introduction to the Qur'an, Selected verses ftom Surah Al-Bagarah, Al- Furgan, Al-Akcab, Al-Mu'minoon, ALAn‘am, Al-Higjurat, Sag) 2, Study ofthe Hedi (Introduction to Hadith literature, Selected Ahadith (Text and Translation) 3. Introduction to Qur’anic Studies 4. Basie Concepts of Qur'an 5. History of Quran 6. Basic Concepts of Hadith 7. 8. 9. J. History of Hadith 5. Kinds of Hadith ‘Uloom ~ul-Hadith 10. Sunnah & Hadith 5 11, Sceratul-Nabi (PBUH), necessity and importance of Seerat, role of Seerah in the development of personality, Pact of Madinah, Khutbah Haijat al-Wads’ and ethical teachings of Prophet (PBUH). 12, Legat Position of Sunnah 13, Islamic Culture & Civilization 14. Characteristics of Islamic Culture & Civilization 15. Historical Development of Islamic Culture & Civilization 16. Comparative Religions and Contemporary Issues 17, Impact of Islamic civilization Recommended Texts 1. Hassan, A. (1990). Principles of Islamic jurisprudence. New Dehli: Adam Publishers. 2, Ziasul-Hag, M. (2001). Introduction to ai-Sharia al-Islamia. Lahore: Aziz Publication. Suggested Readings I. Hameedullah, M. (1957). Introduction to Islam. Lahore: Sh M Ashraf Publisher. 2. Hamecdullah, M. (1980). Emergence of Islam. New Dehli: Adam Publishers. 3. Hameedullah, M. (1942). Muslim conduct of state. Lahore: Sh M Ashraf Publisher. 13BOTN-5102 Plant Systematics, Anatomy and Development/Embryology —_4(3+1) Plant systematics is a science that includes and encompasses traditional taxonomy; however, its primary goal is to reconstruct the evolutionary history of plant life, It divides plants into taxonomic ‘groups, using morphological, anatomical, embryological, chromosomal and chemical deta, However, the science differs from straight taxonomy in that it expects the plants to evolve, and documents that ‘evolution, Determining phylogeny -the evolutionary history of a particular grovp; is the primary goal cof systematics, The study systematics gives the order and relationships among the organism. This lorder and relationship arise from evolutionary processes. These studies also give description of the new species. It organizes the animals into groups end grouping is based on degree of evolutionary relatedness. The modern classification system has been given by Carolus Linnaeus. Plant anatomy is the study of the shape, structure, and size of plants and a typical plant body consists of three major ‘vegetative organs: the roo, the stem, and the leaf, as well as a set of reproductive parts that include flowers, fits, and seeds. As a living thing, all of a plant's parts are made up of cells and this course will also lead towards the developmental processes that how they took place, Contents Plant Systematic: Introduction to Plant Systematic: aims, objectives and importance. Clessification: Brief history of various systems of classification with emphasis on Takhtajan. Brief introduction to nomenclature, importance of Latin names and binomial system with an {introduction to ICBN/ ICN for plants. 4, Morphology: A detailed account of various morphological characters root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, placentation and fit types. 5. Diagnostic characters, economic importance and distribution pattem of the following families: Ranunculaceae, Brassicaccae (Cruciferae), Fabaceae (Leguminosae), Rosaceae (Euphorbiaceae), Cucurbitacea, Lamiaccae (Labiatae), Apiaceae (Umibelliferae), Asteraceae (Compositac), Liliaceae (Sen. Lato). Anatomy: 1. Cell wall: structure and chemical composition ‘Concept, structure and function of various tissues like: Perenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma, ‘Xylem, Phloem, Epidermis (including stomata and trichomes) ‘Meristem: types, stem and root apices ‘Vascular cambium Structure and development of root, stem and leaf. Primary and secondary growth of dicot stem, periderm CCheracteristics of wood: diffuse porous and ring porous, sap and heart wood, soft and hard wood, annual rings 8 Development/Embryology 9, Barly development of plant body: Capsella bursa-pastoris 10. Structure and development of Anther (microsporogenesis, microgametophyte) 11. Structute and development of Ovule (megasporogenesis, megagametophyte) 12, Endosperm formation13, Parthenocarpy 14, Polyembryony Practical Anatomy end Embryology: ‘Study of stomata and epidermis. ‘Tissues of primary body of plant. ‘Study of xylem 3-dimensionat plane of wood. “T. $ of angiosperm stem and leaf, ‘Anatomy of germinating seeds ‘Study of pollens ‘Taxonomy: {dentification of families given in syllabus with the help of keys. ‘Technical description of common flowering plants belonging to families mentioned in theory. Fieldtrips shall! be undertaken to study and collect local plants. 10. Students shall submit 40 fully identified herbarium specimens. Recommended Texts L. Clive A. Stace, C, A, & Crawley, M. J. (2015), Alfen plants, New York: Harper Collins Publishers. 2. Hather, J, G. (2016). Archaeological parenchyma. Oxford shire: Routledge Publishers. Suggested Readings 1. Steves, T. Au & Sawhney, V. K. (2017). Essentials of developmental plant anatomy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2. Spichiger, R. E. 2019). Systematic botany of flowering plants:a new phytogenetic approach of the angiosperms of the temperate and tropical regions. Florida: CRC Press. 4. Hickey, M,& King, C. 2015). The Cambridge illustrated glossary of botanteal terms Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4, Lyons-Sobaski, R. C., Sheila, W., & Robert, W. (2018). Plant anatomy. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 6(CHEM-5102 Inorganie Chemistry 4G+t) ‘This course covers a range of general topics of inorganic chemistry. It will provide a useful supplement to the advanced courses specified in the department. This course aims to enable the students to achieve the advance knowledge about the key introduetory concepts of chemical bonding, acid-base chemistry, and properties of the representative and transition elements, as well as using this Knowledge for qualitative and quantitative analysis of inorganic compounds during laboratory work. Leaming objectives emphasized in CHEM 5102 involve developing an understanding of basic principles of inorganic chemistry. it develops critical thinking skills enabling students to solve Chemistry problems that incorporate their cumulative knowledge, Students learned in class to modern chemistry techniques which give them opportunities to upgrade their knowledge about advanced Snorganie concepts. The essence of this course is to devetop study skills that students need to succeed jn university-level chemistry courses and preparation of students for professional positions in chemistry. Contents 1. Periodic Table and Periadicity of Properties: Modem Periodic Table, Group trends and periodic properties, Atomic & ionic radi, ionization potentials, electon affinities and electroncgativities; Redox potential, electrochemical series and its applications. Corrosion and electroplating, 2. Acid Bese Equilibria: Acids and bases, relative strengths of acids, pH, pa, pKb. Hard and soft acid & Bases. SHAB Principle & its application. Buffers, types buffer, Preparation, Buffer capacity and applications of buffers. Indicators: (Acid-base, Redox, Adsorption), Solubility product, Common ion effect and its applications. 3, Chemical Bonding: Nature of a bond, hybridization, Valence Bond Theory (VBT), The Concept fof Resonance, Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT), Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory. Special types of bonds such as Metallic bonds, Hydrogen Bonding, Beat bond, Ton-dipole-dipole bond, ion induced-dipole bond. 4. Chemistry of p-Block Elements: Introduction to p-block elements (Group trends in p-block clements with reference to, atomic sizcs & chemical reactivities). Boranes & Boride; aluminium halides, hydrides & Alums; Silicetes (Structural aspects, classifications and applications); Silicones (Structural aspects, classifications and applications),Germanes; phosphazenes, Phosphides, Oxoacids of Phosphorous; Oxoacids & salts of sulphur; Noble gases (compounds of Xe, Kr, Ra: bonding and spplications) Production of pure silicon chips for solar energy cells 5. Chemistry of d-Block Elements: Electronic configuration. Characteristics. Nomenclature. Neture of bonding in coordination compounds: Wesner's theory, VBT, MOT and CFT for coordination ciewunds,Isomeriam tn coordination compounds. Chelates: Classification and applications. ‘Applications of coordination compounds (Medicinal, Industrial, Agricultural) 6. Separation ‘Techniques: General introduction and Applications (Solvent extraction and Chromatographic techniques such as paper, Yon exchange and Column). 7. fatroduetion to Analytical Techniques in Inorganic Chemistry: Introduction to spectroscopic Techniques: Principle, brief instrumentation, sample handling and applications (Flame emission, ‘Atomic Absorption, IR & UV/Vis). 8. Chemical Industries: Metallurgy of Al, Cr and U, fertilizers (Urea & Phosphate fertilizers) Cement and Sugar. Practical Qualitative Analysis; four radicals (cations and anions) for salt mixture. Chromatographic separation of cations Determination of total hardness of water using EDTA. Estimation of manganese (If) using EDTA. Estimation of copper (Iodometzically). Determination of thiosulphate ion (lodometrically).7. Determination of ferricyanide using KI solution. 8. Determination of chloride by Volbard’s and Mobr’s methods, 9, Estimation of chloride ions using adsorption (Fluorescein) indicator. 10, Estimation of bromide ions using edsorption (Eosin) indicator. 1), Estimation of percentage of ferrous ions in the Mobr's salt using KMnO. 412. Percentage determination of ferric ions in ferric alum using KMaO. solution. 13, Determination of purity of commercial potassium oxalate using KMnO. solution. 14. Estimation of ferrous ions using KxCrsOr solution. Recommended Texts 1. Iqbal, M. 7. @2015). Textbook of inorganic chemistry (Revised edition). Lahore: Thni Kitab Khana Lee, J.D. (1996). Concise inorganic chemistry (S*ed.). London: Chapman & Hall 3. Vogel, A. 1. (1995). A textbook of macro and semi micro qualitative inorganic analysis. New ‘York: Longman Green & Co. 4A, Skoog, D. A,, West, D. M, & Holler, F. J. (1994). Analytical chemistry (6% ed.). Philadelphia: ‘Saunders College Publications. ‘Suggested Readings 1. Graham, H., & Man, H. (2000). Chemistry in context (5* ed,). Nashville: Thomas Nelson Ltd. 2. Philp, M. (1996). Advance chemistry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 3. David, H. 2000). Modern analytical chemistry. New York: McGraw HillZOOL5102 Animal Diversity-II (Chordates) 4G4) ‘This course will enable students to understand the taxonomic characteristics of protochordates and chordates, It provides knowledge about the phylogenetic relationships of protochodates and various classes of chordates. Students will understand the phylogenetic relations, physiological adaptations, ‘behavior and diversity of Pisces, amphibians, reptiles and marnmals and able to analyze the process of micro evolution within chordates. After this course the students will understand what the chordates fare, can recognize different categories of chordates, understands the level of organization in chordate subphylum, can comprehend the generat characters of chordates and know about the origin and evolutionary relationship in different subphylam of chordates. Upon successful completion of this subject students will be able to describe unique characters of urochordates, cephalochordates and fishes, can recognize difference in life functions of urochordates and fishes, will understand the ecological role of different groups of chordates and understand the diversity of chordstes. Identification of the morphological and anatomical structure for the major groups of vertebrates from an evolutionary point of view will be discussed Contents 1. Protochordates: classification of protochordates. Structure, anatomy and organ systems of acom ‘worms, urochodates and cephalochodates, reproduction; life histories and metamorphosis of rotochodates. phylogenetic relationships. 2. Fishes: vertebrate success in water. Phylogenetic relationships of Pisces. Classification of Chondrichthyes, Ostefchthyes, Dipnoi and Holocephalli, Locomotor adaptations, mutrition and the digestive system, circulation, gas exchange, nervous and sensory functions, excretion and ‘osmoregulation, reproduction and development of Chondrichthyes (Scotiodon) and Osteichthyes (Chprinuscarpio and Wallagoatt). 3, Amphibians: ‘The first terrestrial vertebrates. Characteristics of amphibians Phylogenetic relationships. Classification of amphibians and characteristies of order Cavdata, Gymnophiona, ‘and Anura, Structure and locomotor adaptations, nutrition and the digestive system, circulation, gas exchange, temperature regulation, nervous and sensory functions, excretion and ‘Osmoregulation, reproduction, development, and metamorphosis of caudate, anura and Gymnophiona. 4, Reptiles: The First Amniotes and cladistic interpretation of the amniotic lineage. General characteristics of reptiles. Characteristics of Order Testudines or Chelonia, Rhynchocephalia, Squamata, and Crocodilia, Adaptations in extemal structure snd locomotion, nutrition and the digestive system, circulation, gas exchange, and temperature regulation, nervous and sensory functions, exeretion and osmoregulation, reproduction and development of chelonia, squamata, Rhynchocephalia and erocodilian. Further phylogenetic considerations. 5. Birds: Classification, feathers, flight and endothermy. Phylogenetic relationships; ancient birds ‘and the evolution of flight. Diversity of modem birds. Adaptation in external structure and locomotion, nutrition and the digestive system, circulation, gas exchange, and regulation, nervous and sensory systems, excretion and osmoregulation, reproduction and development. Migration and navigation. 6. Mammals: Classification, Specialized teeth, endothermy, hair and viviparity. Diversity of ‘mammals. Adaptations in extemal structure and locomotion, nutrition and the digestive system, circulation, gas exchange, and temperature regulation, nervous and sensory functions, excretion and osmoregulation, behavior, reproduction and development.Practical L. Classification and study of lab specimens of hemichordates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. 2. Visit to PMNH for the study of diversity of chordates. Recommended Texts 1. Campbell, N. A. 2011). Biology (9"ed). Californi: Benjamin Cummings 2. Miller, 6. A, & Harley, J.B. (2010), Zoology (8"ed.). Singapore: McGraw-Hill, Suggested Readings 1. Miller, & A. (2002). General zoology laboratory manual (Sed). Singapore: MeGraw-Hill Hickman, C. P., Roberts, L. C,, & Larson, A. (2009), Integrated principles of zoology (04*ed). Singapore: McGraw-Hill 2, Pechenik, J. A. (2000). Biology of invertebrates (4 ed.). Singapore: McGraw-Hill.‘SEMESTER UT URCE-5103 Academic Writing 3840) “Academic writing is a formal, structured and sophisticated writing to fulfill the requirements for 3 particular field of study. The course aims at providing understanding of writer's goal of writing (i.e Clear, organized and effective content) and to use thet understanding end awareness for academic reading and writing. The objectives of the course are to make the students acquire and master the ‘seademic writing skills. The course would enable the students to develop argumentative writing techniques. ‘The students would be able to the content logically to add specific details on the topics ‘such 2g fects, examples and statistical or numerical values. The course will also provide insight to convey the knowledge and ideas in objective and persuasive manner. Furthermore, the course will also enhance the students’ understanding of ethical considerations in writing academic assignments and topics including citation, plagiarism, formatting and referencing the sources as well as the technical aspects involved in referencing. Contents 1. Academic vocabulary 2. Quoting, summarizing and paraphrasing texts 3. Process of academic writing 4. Developing argument 5. Rhetoric: persuasion and identification 6, Elements of rhetoric: Text, author, audience, purposes, setting 7. Sentence structure: Accuracy, variation, appropriateness, and conciseness 8. Appropriate use of active and passive voice 9. Paragraph and essay writing 10. Organization and structure of paragraph and essay 11. Logical reasoning 12. Transitional devices (word, phrase and expressions) 13, Development of ideas in writing 14, Styles of documentation (MLA and APA) 15. Intent citations 16. Plagiarism and strategies for avoiding it Recommended Texts 1 Swales, J. M., & Feak, C. B. (2012), Academic writing for graduate students: Essential tasks and skills (3"ed,). Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. 2. Bailey, 8. 2011). Academic writing: A handbook for international students (3*ed.). New York: Routledge. Suggested Readings 1 Craswell, G. (2004), Writing for academic success. London: SAGE, 2. Sohnson-Sheehan, R. 2019). Writing today. Don Mills: Pearson. 3 Silvia, P.J. (2019). How o write alot: a practical guide to productive academic writing. ‘Washington: American Psychological Association. y 20URCES109 Introduction to Information & Communication Technologies 3@+) “The course introduces students to information and communication technologies and theit current applications in their respective arcas. Objectives include basic understanding of computer software, hardware, and associated technologies, They can make use of technology to get maximum benefit related to their study domain, Students can learn how the Information and Communications systems ccan improve their work ability and productivity, How Intemet technologies, E-Commerce applications and Mobile Computing can influence the businesses and workplace. At the end of semester, students will get basic understanding of Computer Systems, Storage Devices, Operating systems, E-commerce, Data Networks, Databases, and associated technologies. They will also learn Microsoft Office tools that include Word, Power Point, Excel. They will also learn Open office being used on other operating systems and platforms. Specific software's related to specialization areas are also pact of course. ‘Course will also cover Computer Ethics and related Social media norms and cyber laws. Contents 1. Introduction, Overview and its types. 2, Hardware: Computer Systems & Components, Storage Devices and Cloud Computing. 3. Softwate: Operating Systems, Programming and Application Software, 4. Introduction to Programming Language 5. Databases and Information Systems Networks 6.. The Hierarchy of Data and Maintaining Data, 7. File Processing Versus Database Management Systems 8, Data Communication and Networks. 9. Physical Transmission Media & Wireless Transmission Media 10. Applications of smart phone and usage 11. The Jatemet, Browsers and Search Engines 12, Websites Concepts, Mobile Computing and th 13. Collaborative Computing and Social Networking 14. E-Commerce & Applications. 15. TT Security and other issues 16, Cyber Laws and Ethics of using Social media 17, Use of Microsoft Office tools (Word, Power Point, Excel), mobile apps or other similar tools, dopending on the operating system. 18, Other IT tools/software specific to field of study of the students if any applications. Recommended Texts 1. Vermaat, M. F. (2018). Discovering computers: digital technology, data and devices. Boston: Course Technology Press. Suggested Readings 1. O'Leary, D. A., O'Leary, T. 1, & O'Leary, L. L (2018). Computing essentials (27° ed.), San Francisco: McGraw Hill Higher Education. 2. Schneider, G. M., & Gersting, J. 2018). Invitation to computer science. Boston: Cengage Learning. 2BOTN-5103 Cell Biology, Geneties and Evolution 44) Cel biology, genetics and evolution are fundamental to an understanding of the processes of life. Ia this unit, students will be able examine the structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including a discussion of the energy flow in photosynthesis, respiration and metabolism. A brief introduction to DNA structure and fonction from motecular to organism levels and current applications of DNA technology will be studied. This will also enlighten and introduce with classical genetic and evolutionary theory as unifying explanations of life. This course is intended for the Student interested in understanding and appreciating common biological topics in the study of the ‘smallest units within biology: molecules and cells, There are thousands of opportunities within the tnedical, pharmaceutical, agricultussl, and industrial ficlds for a person with a concentrated knowledge of molecular and celfular processes. This course will give you general introduction of cell organelles, cell division and enzymes which are involved in the process of metabo Evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of howevolution occurs. Laboratory practical will investigate enzyme function cytogenetics and the genetic analysis of populations. Contents Cell Biology: 1. Structure and Function of Bio-molecules (Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids) 2. Cell: Cell theory, cell types (prokaryotes, eukaryotes) basic properties of cell 3. Brief description of structure and function of the following cell organelles (Cell wall, Cell membrane, Nucleus, Endoplasmic reticulum, Plastids, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Dietyosomes, ‘Vacuoles) ; 4, Reproduction in somatic and embryogenic cell, mitosis, meiosis and cell cycle Genetics: 5, Introduction, scope and brief history of genetics. Mendelian inheritance; Laws of segregation and independent assortment, back cross, test cross, dominance and ineomplete dominance 6 Molecular genetics; DNA replication, nature of gene, genetic code, transcription, translation, protein synthesis, regulation of gene expression (e.g, lac operon). 7. Chromosomal aberrations; Changes in the number of chromosomes. Ancuploidy and Euploidy. Changes in the structure of chromosomes, deficiency. duplication, inversion and translocation. 8, Evolution: Introduction and theories, Practical Cell Biology: Study of cell structure using compound microscope and elucidation of ultra structare from electron microphotographs 2, Measurement of cel size 3. Study of mitosis and meiosis by smear/squash method and from prepared slides. 4, Study of chromosome morphology and variation in chromosome number.5, Extraction and estimation of carbohydrate, protein, RNA and DNA from plant sources. Genetics: 6. Genetical problems related to transmission and distribution of genetic material 17. Identification of chromosomes in plant material, Carmine/orcein staining. 8, Determination of blood groups Recommended Texts : ‘Templeton, N. C. (2015). Gene and cell therapy (4*ed.). London: Taylor and Francis Publications. 2, Sybille, M., & Shoshan, M. (2015). Tumor cell metabolism. New York: Springer Publications. Suggested Readings 1. Verma P. S., & Agarwal, V. K. (2016). Cell biology (cytology, biomolecules and molecular biology). Dehli: S. Chand Publishing. 2. Milo, R., & Phillips, R. (2015). Cel! biology by the number (1 ed.). Londou: Taylor and Francis publications. 3, Bradshaw, R., & Stahl, P, (2015). Encyclopedia of cell biology. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publications.(CHEM-5103 Organic Chemistry 4+) ‘The students will acquire knowledge about the basic concepts of organic chemistry, chemistry of ‘hydrocarbons, functional groups and the mechanism of organic reactions. It will be useful for the qualitative analysis and synthesis of organic compound. Understanding and knowledge of new and advanced field of organic and also significances the importance of application of advanced techniques. This course is « foundation course for Organic Chemistry major courses of higher semester, The main objectives emphasized in this course involve developing sn understanding of basic principles of organic chemistry. It develops critical thinking skills enabling students to solve general chemistry problems that incorporate their cumulative knowledge, Students leamed in class to advanced organic chemistry concepts which give them opportunities to upgrade their knowledge bout advanced organic concepts. The essence of this course is to develop study skills that students need to succeed in university-level chemistry courses and preparation of students for professional positions in the field of synthesis chemistry. Contents 1. Basie concepts: atomic, molecular and hybrid orbitals: multiple localized and delocalized bon properties of bonds, inductive effect, dipole moment. The concept of resonance, rules of resonance, resonance enetgy, stearic inhibition of resonance, hyperconjugation, resonance effect, hydrogen bonding, tautomerism. 2. Introduction to spectroscopy with special reference to the infrared, ultraviolevvisible spectroscopy. 3. Hydrocarbons: classification of hydrocarbons. Nomenclature. Methods of preparation, physical characteristics and chemical reactions of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. Source of aromatic hydrocarbons. Structure of benzene and the concept of aromatic hydrocarbon. Aromatic electrophilic substitution. 4, Stereoisomerism: conformational analysis of ethane and butane. Optical isomerism, optical activity, chiral carbon atom and optical isomerism, relative and absolute configuration, creation of chiral carbon and racemization. Optical isomerista in compounds containing two chiral carbons atom, diastereoisomer, clements of symmetry, resolution of racemic mixture, geometric ‘isomerism, cis/trans isomerism, designation of isomerism, determination of configuration. 5, Alkyl halide: nomenclature, method of preparation and chemical reaction with special reference to the nucleophilic substitution and elimination reaction of alkyl halide. Preparation, structure and synthetic application of prignard reagent ‘The hydroxy! group and ether: nature of hydroxyl group in phenol and alcohol. ‘Aleohol: classification and nomenclature, preparation method and chemical reaction, distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol, polyhydrie alcohols. Phenol: prepacation ‘method, acidity of phenol, chemical reaction. 8. Ether: preparation and reactions. 9. The carbonyl group: nature and its reactivity, nomenclature of aldchyde and ketone, aldehyde and ‘ketone preparation and reactions along with distinction between them. Carboxylic acid and their derivatives: nomenclature, preparation and chemical reactions, strength of acid and factors affecting it, formation and hydrolysis of acid anhydrides, acid halides, acid amides, esters including glycerides. Introduction to amino acid. 10. Nitrogen compounds: amines; classification, nomenclature, preparation and chemical reactions, distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Preparation and reaction of aniline Basicity of aromatic and aliphatic amines and factors affecting it. Diazzonium salts and their synthetic applications 24Practical 1 2 3 systematic identification of organic compounds containing group Qualitative organic analysi like COOH, OH, Nib, C=O. Purification techniques viz solvent extraction distillation and recrystallization, ete. Preparation of simple organic compounds viz Ethyl benzoate, benzoic acid, tibromophenol, aspirin, nitrobenzene. Recommended Texts 1. Younas, M. (2006). Organic spectroscopy. Lahore: A. H. Publisher. 2. 3 Solomons, T. W. G. (2016), Fundamentals of organic chemistry (12% ed). New York: Wiley. Vogel, A. I (1996). 4 textbook of practical organic chemistry. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Suggested Readings 1 3. Kemp, W. (1990). Organic spectroscopy. London: Macmillan. Chughtai, F. A. (1995). Organic reactions. Lahore/ Faisalabad: Majid Book Depot. Streitwiever, A., Heathcock, C., & Kosower, E. M. (2017). Introduction to organtc chemistry (4% ed.). New York: Macmillan.ZOOLS103. Animal Form and Funetion-I (4 Comparative Perspective) 4gH) ‘This course teaches about animals diversity adapted strategically for performance of their similar fictions through modifications in body parts in past and present times. It imparts understanding of diverse structural adaptations in each of the functions of integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, sensory, endocrine, circulatory and respiratory systems for effective survival in their specific conditions, The course mainly aims fo teach the students about animals diversity adapted in different sways for their functions through modifications in body pacts, about the diversity in integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous and sensory, endoctine, circulatory, respiratory, nutritive, excretory, ‘osmoregulatory and reproductive systems according to strategies to survive in their specific ‘conditions. It will also introduce about organ systems, their specialization and coordination with each ‘other and constantly changing intemal and external environment, insidé and outside the animal's body along with the basic structure of each system that determines its particular fanction of animal body. Contents 1. Protection, support, and movement: protection: the integumentary system of invertebrates and vertebrates; movement and support: the skeletal system of invertebrates and vertebrates; movement: non-muscular movement; an introduction to animal muscles; the muscular system of invertebrates and vertebrates 2. Communication T: nerves: neurons: structure and function. 3. Communication Il: senses: sensory reception: baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, georeceptors, Ihygroreceptors, phonoreceptors, photoreceptors, proprioceptors, tactile receptors, and thormoreceptors of invertebrates lateral line system and electrical sensing, lateral-ine system and mechanoreception, hearing and equilibrium in air and water, skin sensors of mechanical stimuli, sons, smell, taste and vision in vertebrates. 4, Communication II; The Endocrine System and Chemical Messengers: Chemical messengers: hormones chemistry; and their feedback systems; mechanisms of hormone action, Hormones with principal fimction each of porifera, enidarians, platyhelminthes, nemerteans, nematodes, molluscs, annelids, arthropods, end echinoderms invertebrates; an overview of the vertebrate endocrine ‘system; endocrine systems of vertebrates, endocrine systems of birds and mammals 5, Circulation and immunity: intemal transport and circulstory systems in invertebrates characteristics of invertebrate coelomic fluid, hemolymph, and blood cells, transport systems in ‘vertebrates; characteristics of vertebrate blood, blood cells and vessels; the hearts and circulatory systems of bony fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and matnmals; the hurnan heart: blood pressure and the Iymphatic systeny; immunity: nonspecific defenses, the immune response. Practical: 1Study of insect chitin, fish scale, amphibian skin, reptilian scales, feathers and maramalian skin. 2.Study and notes of skeleton of Labeo (Labeorohita). Frog (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus), Varams (Varanus bengalensis), fowl (Gallus domesticus) and rabbit (Oryetolagus cuniculus). Note: Exercises of notes on the adaptations of skeletons to their function must be done. 3, Earthworm or leech; cockroach, freshwater mussel, Channa or Catla catla or Labeo or any other {ocal fish, frog, pigeon and rat or mouse and rabbits dissections as pet availabi 284, Study of heart, principal arteries and veins in a representative vertebrate (dissection of representative fish/mammals) Recommended Texts 1. Pechenik, J.A. (2013). Biology of invertebrates (4"ed), Singapore: MeGraw-Hill, 2. Hickman, C. P., Roberts, L. S., & Larson, A. (2004). Integrated principles of zoology (11"ed). ‘Singapore: MeGraw-Hill ‘Suggested Readings 1. Campbell, N. A. 2002). Biology (6" ed). California: Benjamin Cummings, 2. Kent, G. C.,& Miller, S. (2001). Comparative anatomy of vertebrates. New York: McGraw-Hill.SEMESTER IV URCE-5104 Introduction to English Literature 340) “The course is designed to provide the familiarity and comprehension of English literary pieces. The students may not be familiar or well-versed in the various genres of literature prior to taking this course, The course provides training and skills necessary to engage, understand, critically analyze, and enjoy the literary genres of literature: short story, poetry, novel and drama, The students will explore the basic concepts of literary technique, narrative, poetic, and dramatic structures and innovations to engage with the more advanced cognitive aspects of literature. In addition to these theoretical skills, students will also read below the surface of the texts for their historical, ethical, psychological, social, and philosophical value by developing insights in how literature gives us a ‘window into both the expetiences of others end wider appreciation for the human condition. The ‘course explores literary production in English against local context in particular, by emphasizing shifis in thought as well as genre innovation, ie, medieval to modern, It provides an introduction to key texts, authors and literary periods, exploring the relationship of texts to their contexts end considering multiple perspectives in the different literary genres. Contents 1. Poems, Milton: Book IX, lines 897-958. 2, Shakespeare: All the World is a Stage. 3. Browning: My Last Duchess 4, Wordsworth: The Leech Gatherer 3. Keats: Ode fo Autumn. 6. Waller De La Mare: Tattary 7. Short Stories, The Necklace 8, The Woman Who had Imagination 9, Shadow in the Rose Garden 10. Essays, My Tailor LL. Whistling of the Birds 12. One Act Play, Riders tothe Sea 13, Novel, Animal Farm Recommended Texts 1. Kennedy, X. J., & Gioia, D. (2014). Literature: An introduction to fiction, poetry, drama, and ‘writing. Boston: Pearson. 2. Mays, K.J. 2014). The Norton introduction to literature, New York: Norton. Suggested Readings 1, Bausch, R., & Cassill, R. V. (2006). The Norton anthology of short fiction. New York: Norton & Company. 2. Gardner, J. E., Lawn, B., Ridl, J, & Schakel, P. (2016). Literature: A portable anthology. Boston: Bedford St. Martins. 28ZOOL-5104 Animal Form and Function-T1 4G+1) ‘This course will enable students to understand the diversity in animal form and function adapted according to the modified environmental conditions. Studcats will also be provided understanding, about the need of emergence of diversity of forms for the performance of similar function in variable ‘conditions. Tt also demonstrates that a form is successfully adapted to perform a function like temperature regulation adequately and successfully according to its own environment. Upon successful completion of course students will have knowledge about nutrition and digestion process among animal groups, temperature regulation strategies adapted by animals and different modes of reproduction adapted by several groups for their successful stay on planet. The practical section will Tet them to study the excretory system in invertebrate and vertebrate model animals, can study pultritive canal in an invertebrate and a vertebrate animals through dissection and will be able to study the male and female reproductive system of an invertebrate and a vertebrate snimal model with {familiarity of major differences in thera Contents 1. Nuttition and Digestion: Evolution of nutrition; the metabolic fates of nutrients in heterotrophs; digestion, Animal strategies for getting and using food, diversity in digestive structures of invertebrates., The manamalian digestive system: gastro intestinal motility and its control, Oral cavity, pharyax and esophagus, stomach, small intestine: maia site of digestion; large intestine; role of the pancreas in digestion; and role of the liver and gallbladder in digestion. 2, ‘Temperature and body fluid regulation : homeostasis and temperature regulation; the impact of temperature on aninnal life; heat gains and losses; some solutions to temperature fluctuations; 3. Temperature regulation in invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals; heat production in birds and mammals , control of water and solutes (osmoregulation and excretion); invertebrate and vertebrate 4, Bxeretory systems; how vertebrates achieve osmoregulation; vertebrate Kidney variations; mechanism in metanepbrie kidney functions. 5. Reproduction and development: asexual reproduction in invertebrates; adventages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction in invertebrates; advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction; sexual reproduction in vertebrates; reproductive strategies: ‘examples of reproduction among various vertebrate classes; the human male reproductive system: spermatogenesis, transport and hormonal control, reproductive function; the human female reproductive system: folliculogenesis, transport and hormonal control, reproductive function; hormonal regulation in gestation; prenatal development and birth: the placenta; milk production and lactation. Practical 1. Sdy of excretory system in an invertebrate and a vertebrate representative (Model) 2. Study of dissection system in invertebrate and a vertebrate representative (Dissection). 3, Dissection and study of male and female reproductive system ia vertebrates and invertebrates, Note: Prepared slides and preserved specimen and/or projection slides and/or CD ROM computer projections may be used to develop better understanding aniong students 29Recommended Texts L. Pechenik, JA. (2013). Blology of invertebrates (4 ed). Singapore: McGraw-Hill 2. Hickman, C. P., Roberts, L. S., & Larson, A. (2004). Integrated principles of zoology (11 ed). Singapore: McGraw-Hill. Suggested Readings 1. Campbell, N. A. 2002). Biology (6%ed,). California: Benjamin Cummings. 3, Kent, G. C., & Miller, S. (2001). Comparative anatomy of vertebrates. New York: McGraw-Hill. 4, Hickinan, C. P., & Kats, H. L, (2000). Laboratory studies in integrated principles of zoology. ‘Singapore: McGraw-Hill.SOCT-5101 General Sociotogy-I 360) Sociology is the study of society, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture that surrounds everyday life. It is asocial science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about social order and social change, Subject matter can range from micro-level analyses of society to macro-level analyses. The course is designed to introduce the students with basic sociological concepts and to get familiarity ‘with the overall discipline. The focus of the course shall be on basic concepts like scope and significance of Sociology, How Sociology is related as well as distinct from other social sciences. It focuses on the constiment parts of the society ie. social systems and structures, socio-economic ‘changes and social processes. This will also give an understanding of the Culture, elements of culture and the relationship of culture and personalities. The course will provide due foundation for further studies in the field of sociology. Contents 1 Introduction to Sociology: The Science of Society, Scope and significance 2 Fields of Sociology: Sociology and other Social Sciences 3. Social interaction and social structure: The Nature and Basis of Social Interaction 4 Social Processes: Social structure Status, Roles, Power and Authority, Role Allocation 5 Calture: Meaning and nature of culture, Elements of culture: Norms, values beliefs, sanctions 6 Culture and Socialization, Transmission of Culture, Cultural Lag, Cultural Variation 7) Caltural Integration, Cultural Evolution, Cultural Pluralism, Culture and personality 8 Socielization & personality: Socialization, Agents of socialization 9. Personslity: components of personality 10 Deviance and social control: Deviance and conformity 11 Mechanism and techniques of social control, Agencies of social control 12. Social organization: Definition, meaning and forms, Social groups; Functions of groups 13 Social Institutions: forms, nature and inter-relationship 14 Community: definition and forms (Urban and rural). 15 Social Institutions: Structure and functions of Institutions 16 Family, Religion, Education, Economy and politcal institution Recommended Tests 1 Giddens, A. (2018). Sociology (11"*ed.). Cambridge: Polity Press. 2. Macionis, J.J. (2016). Sociology (16*ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Suggested Readings 1 Anderson, M., é& Taylor, F. H. (2014), Sociology the essentials (8 ed.). Bostan: Cengage Learning. 2. Schaefer, T. R. (2012). Sociology (13%ed.). New York: McGraw Hill College 3 Henslin, M. J. (2011). Sociology: A down to earth approach (11"ed.). Melbourne: Pearson.