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Open 9stems Interonnecho-

->it ts a Stardard. eference model For Communtahon bluo
two end users n a ne hoorK
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( btorgls wor Abplucatyon

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OSI divides teecommyn ICatton into Seven lauens The. lagun
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h e n a mecsaq Passes om or tt
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Physrtal
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froreKiq)
The. Physical layen
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froy tdes all Physical necessites TEqurred to estabj t'shed
a Phusical connec HDm betuoeen ttso termnolg
This lay Comvey but Smeavn Hirogh he netoork
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Such a
medta
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Maximum Tansmissi dis Bawre
Physic al cenneetos
>

Mode el chamel
(tHal o full dblex) dolrrmt eel by yby.
KS-232 Yy 91,130
Chub pec1 hcatrons lbal eduals
WIesHUB wo h thislay
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Defne. Ioymal mouch data
oi te be. tsansmiHed
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Pasttness- madton rames behoeen (omnu viucahn
Reshonsthle. foY tloum 1eulaio ,
raming ol bet fo yan&mISlon.e\r09 deleclion (ouectron
-Responsible f eslabl ehm ut eleae.
Hoo Netwonk je
mieli e(onmectons betuy
SLIP , PPP ,C9LP
otords ae USerd
Consis ol ftoo Sub layer LoccallukCorrol LLC)
(Defis houo daBa 1s transfe nrol
Cqde & Povds tuk to
oVea ty
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Conm
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Devices Use el- 0B , Pedsfund Set ol ales
Bndge. Sonch
.
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1ouitng ete olarBa. 2 touumcbng ol dlada
4 f s 3sponsible tor iDutg o
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Kovides Conguton Contol
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tuoo Netwosk tevminall

IransPort layb,froviding
Kesponsible foy helable Ser VIe, bluw he hosts

UPpey laye. data a broken doon Into managra ble

clata (Pocket) & Hhen appscb1 tate heaclea !n fosmation

(Seq mo Pott ho e4) Ts added before, Pasking. fo Netoork

ay Seqtwmnetton
qtocal)&
Lsed Protodels >TCP (Tyansmision Contre
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Responsble, toi CowWAItahg iorth Sesaion la ye

The Sesston layt

Setup ,tooxdinales, texminates Conversatons, exchanqel
at each end.
&diatogs blu abplicattons
> CommunlCation ession Consist e Seyvice, equuts
Service 9Usponse hat occar DEfuern apbllcahon locatel
'n dleNu retoovk diuce
examples Apble TalF's Zona. In
-

formaton o tocef (z1D

Dacont Sess ion Contral Protocol (SCP
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Convevt local host Compuhe data aþrer ntatton to
a standavd Nettook Format tos lanumicclon on the W
m TPCCVen 9ide t change Netoor k format to
ho st Compuute tormat
abbropmaje,
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handls d hon
oHha fahrulas
ho dyprealy a990clofrd
treotoL Stack

uo ell knon Steudards an Vicleo imcluok

Som.
w Mptton Hetun. Bxbertgoub (MPEE)
Ouie
Apple Siaudncl f
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fos Videp&HhdD
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The. tbpli'c.at1on lale9 -
Provid es Imtesrface to ven. through. an apþlication
Povides d mons for User to 0Cres Intomation J1on onnya
onNa
t S fumcttons
Imdude. td vdifyrq tommu ni tatton larthens
Detetmtg evalabiltty ol uqurved tA DUNCE
e l . his ay tmblemufafov
Telhet,fTP,SMTP (9imple. Maul Tansfort ototel

TCP/IP Modal TCP- Tonsmision

Contel Retocel
JP- Tntemet
Avtor ol
Developed by ARPA Mochy Creatrd lo Coneet
H ts also khoun as lm tesnnet mililary ho
Hh ntert ReheVence. louyerina moolo. fo
mo del
> Ustng hese ttoo Hoto col
Simu tauousy than Commuttah»
thsrdugh internetis possible
Used ohen two doviceS
fhrough Imternd (ommUnu cafe uoith each oten
Tc upport
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emad Sulppastc Nehoost b
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ata
ucahon
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interntlay
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The

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a Netooyf.
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tomaHed So othen
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Supposts Derenralsatton-
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Tansfen.aua sasponsbe for makng SUre wnd
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Tmulliple Palhe and tha. Netoowk Choses tho best Palh
for Imdvndual data tuansfes
Poblems 1ssuges esolve by T¢P|IP

NetworK issues Inesopenatabilty

Addressin
Mome tlous Eu091
Roulm 1esduhon CovHo
APPLICAT ION LAYER
Tht's layer dtrecBly connecled with olsvites ( tomputey
labtop, Phone ete) ALI abplicotiong ('h labfop /sstenm a1
Countet wIfh fhit laysn) 1gmasl. f/b ete)
otor els DNS, DHcP HTT P, FTP,SMT, S NMP
fle Tamde tool
FTP i t Provide h faclkty to t r o n s f e t h u f i l e r copy

tio fle fom oe compute to qnethn

tused to ta ka bock ub coPles o tles
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Used toy kE
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i l e s uouch a l
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n) lypen Td Tvansle Aptno-HTTP)

brouse& to uplend g douonlond Pagtsuse. oTcP o safost
ay

HEP TRANSPORT LAYER

H drvelop to permit enti hes on dusnaha
the Sane & dusli nalan
host sto Cavy on Conversat1
Photoco ) TeP u UDP
TCP- Connecton 0meuted Protocol bJuo Sendon. X Yecetven
t lenforms eequineing &seqmeutahon el data
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Proroco Rofrans rmsSlon oloe. miceI elacKet
Non Real time data
Sloo in cowbaiSton o UDP
-> Relrable
erl. ema
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User
aVdeall / yolce callnaliadchung VldeaYoudele
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etc

Ao ac Kmo wledgamind
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Intenet layu > hotocol IP (mdennet-

frolored)
d e ftme. frotoc als ohich aa Juas|son gi ble for logtca
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ttr's ths combinaton
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el bnk layu ef
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mp lemen tahoy e USL modul Reone mode
OModal 0340Uhd tohuch 1teut Thso1efifal Model
diueloped
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louzn
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dulined
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SubpoyiS only Conethunlegs S1ppods Conechonleas
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Developed by DoD 1 Modl developod by

(Depeestwuut el dokne) ISo
More Reliable es Ruliable
( More Stnble
ess Stalble