SANITARY INSTALLATION DESIGN REPORT FOR RESIDENCE BUILDING

The water supply and drainage services design of this project is based on Ethiopian building code
standard for plumbing services of buildings [EBCS-9] and ERA drainage manual.
MATERIAL SELECTION
The type of equipment and material proposed for the plumbing services shall take the
following into account.
 Fit for intended use
 Ease of maintenance
 Efficiency
 Cost

A. SANITARY SITE WORK

This part of the design report consists of

- Domestic water supply
- Waste water drainage
- Storm water drainage

1. SITE WATER SUPPLY

Every community produces both liquid and solid wastes. The liquid portion
‘’wastewater’’ is essentially the water supply of the community offer it has
fouled by a variety of uses.

1.1 ROOF WATER TANK

CAPACITY DETERMINATION

In designing the tank capacity, account shall be taken of the pattern of water
use in the premises concerned and where the likely frequency and duration of
break down acceptance
Assumed population = 21
Storage required = Population * consumption per head per day (liter)*2days
=21*80*2
= 3.360liter

1
 SANITARY INSTALLATION DESIGN REPORT FOR RESIDENCE BUILDING

The total daily water demand calculated is 4000 liters. Thus a 4m³ water tanks is provided.

2.0 WASTE WATER DRAINAGE

The waste water coming from the building is collected and connected to a newly proposed septic
tank. For the effluent coming out of the septic tank a subsurface absorption system has been
provided.

2.1 WASTE WATER DRAINAGE PIPE SIZING

Pipe sizing has been made by fixture unit method. The minimum grade of drain pipe has been taken
2% along the flow direction. When the pipe slope is selected the following criteria has been
considered.
 Eliminate excessive excavation of earth.
 Self-cleansing velocity shall not be less than 0.6m/s.
 Non scouring velocity shall not be greater than 3m/s.

Fixture unit rating (Table 5.2 of E.B.C.S-9)

Fixture Size of trap outlet & Fixture unit
fixture discharge pipe rating
Sink DN 50 1
Water closet DN 100 7
pan
Wash basin DN 40 1

Example
Pipe 1
a) Determine the fixture unit value contributing to the flow.
Fixture type Number of Loadin Sum of Total loading
Fixtures g loading unit Unit
unit
Hand wash 3 0.5 1.5 1.5

2
 SANITARY INSTALLATION DESIGN REPORT FOR RESIDENCE BUILDING

basin

b) For a fixture unit value of 6, the corresponding flow is read as 2.1l/s from table 6.1 of
E.B.C.S-9. Increase the flow by 40% i.e. (0.4*2.1) + 2.1= 2.94. The value of 2.940 can be
considered as peak flow.
c) The pipe used is Upvc pipe. The hydraulic roughness of Upvc pipe can be taken as 0.009.
d) Assume diameter of the pipe to be used and slope of the pipe.
Let the diameter of the pipe be 150mm.
Let the slope be 3%.
e) Check whether or not the velocity of minimum 0.6m/s and 3m/s is maintained with the
chosen gradient.

1) Find the full flow velocity first from appendix ix –ii.

V = c √ (RI)
C = 18 log (12R/a)

For V full; R= D/4= 0.15/4 = 0.0375

c= 18 log (12*0.0375/0.001)
c= 44.758
Thus, V full = 44.758√ (0.025*0.03)
V full =1.602m/sec

2) Secondly find the full flow

Q full = V full * A
A = π * d² = 0.0785m
4
Q full = 1.602*0.0785
= 0.02831m /s =28.31l/s
3) Calculate the flow ratio Q partial/ Q full to find the partial flow velocity and the proportional
depth from table ii-i of appendix II.
Q = 2.94 = 0.104
3
 SANITARY INSTALLATION DESIGN REPORT FOR RESIDENCE BUILDING

Q full 28.31

From table ii-i of appendix II, for Q/ Q full = 0.1

V = 0.65 h = 0.211
V full D

4) Calculate the partial flow velocity and depth of flow from the values obtained in (3) above.
V = 0.65*1.602=1.041 ok!
h= 0.15 * 0.211 = 0.03165

2.2 MANHOLE SIZE DESIGN

Minimum dimensions for inspection chambers & manholes;

Types of access Depth to invert (m) Minimum internal
dimension
Rectangular length & width
(mm)
Inspection chamber or < = 0.6 400 * 400
manhole < = 1.0 600 * 600
< = 1.75 1000 * 75
< = 2.5 1200 * 750
> 2.5 1400 * 900

→ The manholes should be constructed with 25cm thick double brick wall jointed by cement: sand
mix ratio = 1:3 and internally plastered with mortar 1:3 mix ratios.

2.3 ROOF WATER DRAINAGE

To calculate flow rate from roof, rational method is adopted. Rational formula is better to
estimate flow of catchments area less than 50ha (0.5km² or 500,000m2). The rational formula
estimates the peak rate at any location in catchments area as a function off the catchment's area,
run-off coefficient, and mean rainfall intensity for a duration equal to the time of concentration.

4
 SANITARY INSTALLATION DESIGN REPORT FOR RESIDENCE BUILDING

The rate of run-off Q (l/s) can be calculated by the following equation

Q = c*A e*I
3600
Where Ae is the effective catchments area in m2
I is the rainfall intensity (mm/h) for the minimum average recurrence interval in years and time
of concentration.
c is the run-off coefficient
For roof; c=0.75-1

2.4 DOWN PIPE SIZE DETERMINATION

 The size of circular down pipe/outlet/shall not be less than diameter 65mm /EBCS-9
article 7.4.3.6/
 During down pipe size design external factor which might obstruct normal flow of
water considered. Such as:-leaves, bird net and snow will definitely hinder design flow
through down pipe.
 Outlets for gutters should be located, where possible, near to each angle; i.e, where there
is a change in direction of flow.
 Material of the down pipe is uPVC which is durable and easy for installation.
 All exposed down pipes should be painted with UV ray reflective oil paint.

Hence, down pipe size will be calculated as follow;

Calculate the gutter size by assuming the following

 Gutter is not steeper than 1:350.
 Gutter has uniform cross section.
 The distance between the outlets is less than 100times the diameter of the outlet.
 The width of the rectangular gutter is assumed to be 120mm.
 The gutter discharges freely.
The relationship between discharge and critical depth

5
 SANITARY INSTALLATION DESIGN REPORT FOR RESIDENCE BUILDING

Q = 9.9 x 10-5 (Ac) 1/2

( Bc) 1/2
Ac = Yc Bc

Where
Q (l/s)……………… discharge.
Ac (mm²) ………….. Cross-sectional area corresponding to Yc.
Bc(mm)……………..the width corresponding to Yc.
Yc (mm)……………..critical depth.

2.5 SEPTIC TANK DESIGN

The entire system must be designed so that sewage moves by gravity flow from the building,
through the septic tank, and to the subsurface absorption system. Therefore;
a) The septic tank inlet must be higher than the water level in the septic tank
b) The septic tank outlet must be lower than the inlet ,usually 75mm lower.
All of the elevations above must be checked both on a drawing and in the field prior to and
during construction.
Calculation of the total capacity of septic tanks shall be made on the basis of the number of
persons to be served, water consumption and sludge production per capita hydraulic detention
time.
It can be calculated as follows:
V = τ sed*p*q/10³ + υ1* τ ac*p/10³
Where V is effective volume of tank, in m³
τ sed is hydraulic detention time, in day(s) (minimum, 1.0 day)
p is user population
q is water consumption per capita per day, in liters ( see table 3.3, section 3)
υ1 is sludge production per capita per day, in liters(0.5l)
τ ac is number of days between de-sludgings (minimum, 365 days)
V = 2 day*21*40 + 0.5L*365*2 days*21
10³ 10³
V =9.34m³

6
 SANITARY INSTALLATION DESIGN REPORT FOR RESIDENCE BUILDING

Therefore take the capacity of the septic tank to be 75.7m³. Having an outside dimension of
2.0*3.0*3.0m

3.0 WATER SUPPLY PIPE DESIGN

DESIGN FLOW DETERMINATION PROCEDURE
Design flow has been determined by fixture unit load method.
1) Determine loading units
2) Convert loading units to flow rate.
3) Make an assumption of the pipe size.
4) Work out frictional resistance per meter (m/m run)
5) Determine velocity of flow (m/s)
6) Measure length of pipe under consideration (m)
7) Consider frictional resistance in fittings ( equivalent pipe length)
8) Determine effective length of the pipe work by adding (6) & (7) above.
9) Determine the head loss of the pipe work by multiplying (4) & (8) above.
10) Subtract (6) & (10) above from the available head to determine the residual head. If
the residual head is less than the head required for a particular outlet fitting, repeat
step 4.
NOTE :- If , for any pipe or series of pipes, it is found that the assumed pipe size gives a
progressive head that is in excess of the available head , or is noticeably low, it will be necessary to
repeat the sizing operation using a revised assumed pipe diameter.

4.0 WASTE WATER PIPE DESIGN

According to E.B.C.S-9 section 5 article 5.2 in the design of any drainage system, the performance
criteria which shall be followed are:-
a) requirements for discharge rates from fixtures
b) exclusion of foul air
c) limitation of noise
d) containment of leakage of discharge
e) prevention of risk of blockage
f) durability of material
7
 SANITARY INSTALLATION DESIGN REPORT FOR RESIDENCE BUILDING

g) ease of replacement of material

h) Access for testing and maintenance.

5.0 DETERMINATION OF PIPE SIZE AND GRADIENT

Discharge pipe sizing shall be made using fixture –unit method by taking the fixture unit values for
sanitary appliances from table 5.2 of E.B.C.S-9 and choosing the appropriate size from the same
table.
GENERAL
In the design of any drainage system, the performance criteria which shall be followed are:-
a) requirements for discharge rates from fixtures;
b) exclusion of foul air;
c) limitation of noise;
d) contaminant of leakage of discharge;
e) prevention of risk of blockage;
f) durability of materials;
g) ease of replacement of materials; and
h) Access for testing and maintenance.

DETERMINATION OF PIPE SIZE AND GRADIENT

Pipe sizing has been made by fixture unit loading method; but this method numerical value
(fixture units) is assigned to appliances to express their load producing properties. By assuming
partial flow conditions for branch discharge pipes, the maximum number of fixture units
permissible for a given pipe diameter can be stated.
Therefore; the minimum grade of the drain pipe has been taken 2% along the flow direction.
When the pipe slope is selected the following criteria has been considered.
1. self cleansing velocity shall not be less than o.6m/sec;
2. non-scouring velocity shall not be higher than 3m/sec;
3. Eliminate excessive excavation of earth;

FIXTURE UNIT RATING

Fixture Size of Trap Outlet and Fixture Fixture Unit Rating
Discharge Pipe
8
 SANITARY INSTALLATION DESIGN REPORT FOR RESIDENCE BUILDING

Shower Dn40ordn50 2
Sink DN50 1
Water Closet Pan DN100 7
Floor Waste Gully DN50 3
Drinking Fountain DN40 1
Wash Basin DN40 1
/from EBCS-9, article 5.3.3/
MINIMUM GRADE OF DRAIN
The normal minimum grade of unvented and vented drains has been given below:
Nominal size Minimum grade[%]
Dn50 2.5
Dn65 2.5
Dn80 1.65
Dn100 1.65
Dn150 1.00
Dn225 0.65

The size of any branch vent shall be in accordance with the table below:
Size of branch discharge pipe Size of branch vent
DN40 DN32
DN50 DN40
DN65 DN40
DN80 DN50
DN100 DN50
DN150 DN80
Branch vents/EBCS-9 article 5.3.6.5/

A single vent pipe may be used to ventilate the traps of any two appliances connected in
common, i.e. to the manhole.
 Connection of vent pipe for appliance is between 0.075m and 1.5m from S-trap or
bends.
 The vent pipe has been installed 300mm above the highest level of the roof and
positioned with the prevalence wind direction.
 At where the vent pipe will be passed through the roof, the joint have to be sealed with
sealant and securely welded.