ASSIGNMENT annealea standard copper (a) Lmm* crass section, lOmtong . ae Ques 1. Find the sasistence at 20°C of the following | wives , | (b) 25 mm? cris S08 , 200 mm fog . | ‘ -2 —F (a) R= SMpy (b) R= 1-43x10 200 X10 5 By | a Leg x © 25 xi? x10? (07? Xto" - =o: 2. = O.1IZ DW ues 2, Determine The suosertence of Lube in Leuma of the extoural diameter 0, ner aliametex ols the Aength Land the sess tvlty f. Calculate the suriitance of a wor date -5 em thick anda2m dong . the extexnal clameter 1 1Dun. R= £8 = fh ape mg ae *(e8 (Dal) . Restrtence of cep SANBKIOTXD 2 3H, AUS (estate * @u0s 3. 4 paxaltel plate capacitor Ls mate up o i Aieleckyic materials with diffe’ Bhi Ct, ancl ty) as sheen, The tig adcffercnt dielechnc materials aro stpasatea by a conclu obing geik F | bind the. ualtage o cone cFin gy boll. HOY, | 20.5 mm toov = Umm Scanned with CamScannerLet'A’ be the cuass sectional ascca of the Plate Capacitors wu 20 esos, “Cep= Gt . SyhGgnne Cle tf = Enen Ale _ (aM u)AC Pee Ente Eibtenty GC)aly) (05) t tr | =(2-4AC) F Letad Charge 9 = Cyy = od ee Dah 1 Capacitors qu sn sexes O79 = C, Cwo-v) 240 AE =B)PRE (100- Vv. 0.5) ottage of : . conducting fer. Oues 4. Detexmine the Length t anct ciiam eke a of 4 aylind o , copper en Les GH the uslumex, wosiativity f and the suosislence bi athe ofposite ends o. T= L£Ypy "HEIN oo A AA = oh ef Volume Ss Ae me fh v= f XX x CH pe ee. A ! s a (Pe) (ues 5. A capacitor made witha polymesi¢ clielectde rawing £,-2.26 a dieleclvic Far down strengih Fo kV/cm. The pount ttivity Y pu space 4 3.35 pF/m. $f Ahe scectangulax Plates af capacitor Aauiing a wath ef 400m -Pind the mat. efectc chase in the Capacitor . Scanned with CamScannerqoev= &EoAy. EA( e (a) - - 3 = 9.96x8.R5xI6" x20xUOXIO" KGOX LO X 100 = Bxlo&= Sue , Qué. Had the & = copacitanle 8 @ the t aoran Jom ent. é Vio | <—|[oum—> Apeitling flock with Ly in 4 fea aanc b axe tn parallel , An paxaltel . (ab) and (cad) ae in sey Cat DEy be - 20 Xlo in 1X 9.85 X10" 25 x07 20 ern Conducting plare da © Che Pbyk _ 20 xtom Ss a5 xIo"* as 10 Kyo" (Gn +O, ( Poscetlet conbinalien ) uae B5X(O wi gee BS Xi CF a Ke. so xis roxio 2 x85 xtot | Be (Cy a Ca = Afnbs _ 20 xre yin eit) KS At-BS KID - da (Oe (ons | | Cea > Co +Ca aw ee (ek De = 190 yg.GexId (oo Scanned with CamScannerJA. tet (guy gt: Bctais. Cre Cad Cab Usedes) Cnet & €o € = : es x (1S) = 4.43pL, ous Col cullate the capacitance of an ct inautabed capacitor a taith 3 plake each lOc’, the distance between plates being 2mm. SS 6 — 2mm T a youn | 1 7 —— n plates with distance blo them ) capacitors each with capacitance Cin parattek 1s Coat 3 lft) © (ee xl "x Ge t 2 kign 2 Cet = Ct3-1) = xe -) pe Quo3%. Find the eguat the usktage tobe applied to a Fou ¢ we Hor initially uncharged fo produce a ent of Oma. Sihe charging ceases afbr lO sec , (2) Copad for vellage (b) charge (2 edgy 4 4 Vv 1oxW x10 = 2000V ated A Mio see * Foust ata i - =Cv i “e : ee a Jou = fidt = Ole © ve ittk ca. €:449¥ ce 1 Sri tially capaci lor ts 4 x01 2000 unchaxg eA Da K=0 = wee ve Leet ca Scanned with CamScannerduns 9. Calerlate fox approrimate sosistence and inductance LG 2 £olenoia Grith mean diameter lem, Imfong , wound with 1000 twons of Copp ex ua 0-6 mm diameter . uthat potential diffeunce exists at the Aeuminod of the Adlemeid at the instant when the cuwuntics 1A and inouasing atthe scatt 10000A/sec . dh =O? m , g=1m, 121000, lr =0-6x10%m , = 173x108 D m Rof actenvia = f (Fetn L af setenciel= 2un?( Bou’) —— —\ "a (= = 6 ABR ¥IO XT KIO z 7) - = AXEF3 yto 2768 \ 4 = ; Be = 0.0987 mH Toth gi, HDben A fee at 9 V-iR- Loe. at © Ve ik ted! Nien +s 60 F Volls alt - tA a magnetic circuit 20m> Qus}0, # efy cuit has 100 indection. With e flue density is | Wb /m™ ond wi th GA it ts 14 wh) ind the mean value Ee Yhe tn ductance nt Limits and. induced emf if the bet weon thes cuavent rae ly from GA to 4A in 00S 4ec, = -Lai =--db 4 lll ag | ne br at ait 2 Loli = al, (9-4) = 20x05 1 C141) Le 20x10 txa.y =O.1GH 5 Inetu ced emf Sei ale ONG x CIS) 0.05 16 ves . " Scanned with CamScannerASSIGNMENT 2A Q\- ind the current oleliuoscod mee by battery . bov gz 60-5 -4G,-)-16 Cy-tg) ay. rene AE mMriL +Big = ISU Aira — 35 ly Q from ©, arct D, ~ (2 2-83A. Xx J. Current detives by bakkexy will be 2-03 A- Q2- aksuming Ris sesitlor , find the Thevenin Cypivedent cit 30 < {at RL eHo “° Nin Ray 608 410 = 2A Be looy For Vin y Joo +50 ~20 = Nay 78 Nan = \B0V 21 a fe. 4o aL, \Bov Scanned with CamScanner—@3- Lind cworent thuough 90-2 gosta bor . ; | “= vale Fo- Hoi, -A0(f\-l,)e0 vot, - 901, = 40. ——O Moi, - 2401, T1BOi, =0- ® “eCity 20. Wot, - i, +36. —® U1 =OFKAR and C= Curvent Ahrough GOD = gu- Using Auborbsriton x po ® 36V tne on Uge = LAUT) (qa 7 Of ign = 38 20.3300) lesa L066 AES Scanned with CamScannerCane 3° oben T21A ce yee: WIS 965 A . = fov 4.86 Net Current from 22 = 1,55-0,46-0. 8 = 0.00 A(3) Net Cavent fom BL = o.3-140.04 <0 A Net Cuwenk pom 6 = Jr, -0.32 7 +33 -0.%8 =OA Nek Cuvvent pdm 2 = O-83A OS5- Find eeppivalent sesis Fence en b AR . A 5 tok, oN nO is x — Nay = Jen e> We oa = Gov I l bio = 3A Usa 4p i: isan.> FA Curt wision , (a4) one WES DE wyo= 6. SAN A Vaya ~E > 6.8445 X4= 164.94 VY, GH - Using Superposition , Rad i acress Ri = 200. ' at Av Yo \ooyv {6 SL Scanned with CamScannerCase 2} 40 20 ret : iy \ oa ine ee on, Garrent from Rise 2 Wilbe 2-l= \A(t) QS- Fnd onrent fom oo vreatstos Uwheat atone by age ' Cuvrent $ com ak will be Ow. ay tea a i, ob (lo at \bov ON = AND N= -1S vols. Scanned with CamScanner@IO- Find Thevenin equivalent across Pa, ims ov 20 y A w (a> ce B awe NA204 \ 2 We Bae 419020 | we Ve a vv 25 Ney = 4204 waye Qn 1. 8s \v = WK y . is SGN O\\- Find eyinaenk en a pb Qa =0 wl Scanned with CamScanner= 0.53340. Scanned with CamScannerarts \ov Qin- Find pour given by ualtage source . hse St \e JON \oe A on iva = 12738 . Kee oN 5 wete = v- Ve i (¥Ts) = 1O-M wy oO Dw VET =\OxO =Ow. “Power by ed chyeuit using nodal Q\3- Find the Z tn OMe TD. X 2-795) L-26-86S Ti =17-888L56-565 ow. D,-T-T, = Som ts.6esi = [0.0232.60.004 No =_FOL30 . 4.49852 L-30-004 Ty 10-0232 60.004 Zz 4egr- 2444 Scanned with CamScannerOLY. ltrat valet of R mascimizes the pour dilivoud to it, Tinol the maximum power also. he pe J Ty 4s ey |_d teow ee [ar as by. 7 a wt vat ACh-2). — © Natal “80 TE-T)e0 Me= 8 (TE). —— 4 (Le-T) tut - 8 (De-D)-0 A Ute) 44, 9 OT = 4 (LT) v~ Te Tey, ; X¥Te = ATe zu v “Te=tA Ran= Qe = a ) Tox max. power = Vay a Sinee, cewount iin u oop is OV. . Vay = 100 V 2 * Power (02) = go AXH O15. Vi legon's Theorem, ~ 30a ee 2A 21, =10 yy 2 06SBl A rou oe ia > 23440 Pram = 2EXOUFIW= 10. B49 Pen = SXESTNY = F-62240 Poa = 1X 0-299 = Bo H 20,6038 W Pv? VI= % 25720 Power dekwered = Power conse Coy = VTi = 12. 30700 Ste mealy 20-602 Scanned with CamScannerASSIGNMENT 28 OL. Find 2, z sepa b A) between aand 9 I iL b) between aad b F5mn i" “toot | 2omH wo= loro ad [geo 3 Ya 758i b lL oa 28 = -a5) [Fea “« , Cosine) = (EC ag) “(SSA )ncsi) N) q 209 By 40° f) Zop= Qiej)n-sy = —l0oj- BO ioe | Scanned with CamScannerQ2, Deteumine Is ancl (,l if beth sources axe operated at w= 2vad/goo and Tewith 2A and angle 28°. At A, Is Tatts Te 2 223° f Xe =O. Since Ri) and Xe CIE) wu Tn oF peoathel - So » Polential drop across 62 v 2 DWM ohyo be 12-62°v Tp, = 12-62" 2 og peo 240° 52 0-5 L-62" ae 1494 40.493; (Bel = Faaut = 2.05 Phase ang = ton! (= v.494 > = 12.95° $0, Ty= 2.055 213.45° ps Pr inttantaneous cur ent bse m, LlQ= D055 cos (2b +14,.95°) Scanned with CamScanner3. Applying the usllage BLE Vala Puguency w= 100 nad/se¢ : fo .a AW tndluctor .Deteummne the phasor current ano the time domain curvere. oj Z= jwe = Hoa} = HooLIe 2. Te 450 = 9.02 L-40' A- Hoo LAo® @ = 0.02 sin (1oot- 40°) A Gu. Caleutote value for 9: Pourx delivwad te each of the two Reads . Also, Lhe appaxart jouer supp Led source and Lhe power factor sf the combined Loadl . zz D4Z= ~~ SLIBN oF bole Vv sug. power cleliuexed te Z, “an Wy slug. peuser deliuvd te =UR 2%%w ource = VE = GOxID = #20 VA appascant powex Aupplie 6. Zi and 2, ou tn p sa an sores with Z, across (90V J 2S 2a 7S - Ke Shot total current ef cuecuh Deteunine the Xe such ‘ alll be in fF etal ueltage « Find ewssent anol power. Ze Ze . (25 xr HBA IU 25 Ker - 2B%e +125) o loo + Ker Fo ke un phase, 1.25 ke -25 Ke 1125 A0'- XY. = lon Fotad susislence = 1254945 = lO ND. 200 Cusseent = Viz 0° - 107 R to =1000 W Pewee = Vt = LOO X10 Scanned with CamScanner06. A Load is connected acxosd Aand B. Find impedonce "Yhat mace. power & dlissipakedl in ir . ys be oH 12 LE © Jor mcr power dissipation | Load impedance = Net impedance of cfrewk a ale : Ab w By wry 2 \ 2| ; A= Worttorwy = O-924 BAL YM vv too +164 9 Ar wrenr ey = waves So tbetes iz a to ~\ ee ea wi ana-a7ly) _ EA 8 \y Cloth 929449 iu.a29-4- 424-4-7915) = 5-964 en L agsefen R has the values R= lo, L=o0.01H, OF ae e. oe seegonant Geneny 5 quali ty fauor, a el Reson geen OY = i = 10 sad [sec . fo= Be 2 154.16 He. Cuality factor = alt fe iz =f. Banclutolth = = = 10 sa0l [ec Lower half power frequmn ey Upper hal} power Puguenrcy = (1 36,) me U1 458) = tox = to ra = 500 xad/ gee Slecoevniyee Scanned with CamScannerCe Deslot-3ces 2t- Find RM value of warent . tm? IPs ~Sie p Tams * ae Bop i Pig. pow = ims’ R= 260, 9B. Find the auevage Powex dissipate through 4.0. by current O49, Dotesmine aug. ancl RMS value of the waveform . | Lime peucd = 3- $0 tye f 0 OL kL | guns fg: ete peosses Povg. Power = f pleat aa a a 3 , J sae tffwat__s (3. Ams values = fe lf Ppoea : > G10. dor the geen power -buangle , olefeuntne § and power faclor. Ss Hypa Ka Q- ee oe fonp= 4 > 4> i Abs Py = Cod = 1 ® a. (ks) Consi dex RLC eivoust . L=2mh, 9=5 and oe Go og ceeaaes ul. 9 clon fs Determine Rand w, 9° F fe 3 ae 4 fe = 2236-069 22-22% KA c Ca ako, = & We w= R = 223.6 Koad/ sec gt Qin. Find the B, Gand band width for the see os seronant circuit given Vs = (00 coswt mY, R=1O.n, C= 200ne, Ls amt, Scanned with CamScannerWe= 1 = Sok nad /gec te Se = CAI alio Caneel. \ Band width (de) ~ a ~5 ksuad/sec. O13, A seseies connected circuit hos = 25m. Calculate * wodue of C whith produce g=50. ine aug. power disstpated at the *esonance cy. and af half power feoquan cies. 100N lc Q= ale Pe eR . AE susren ane bameney » Zeq eR. Ves L Power 7 (2) = 1250W =1.25 KW = oS it Pe py Powex= Po = 625 W> 0-625 Kw, 2 ‘Scanned with CamScannercfreait. (Resonance Condition) ey Let the phase angle gor Dyand PB, be dy and dy respectively. ims 2. __N : ———— sing = 8 (ah Rea lac) fa a Simi lordy 2 UE Sin by = Now for resonance canckten , Amaginases park of Ty anc T, summedup will be © (Sl sia dye (Dal ging, CReson ance Con eti tion ) Ley \ . we we 4 lK%e)* Ri* ee > Denive the formula for wsona ¢ for giuen pasaltel AC | | | i { | Scanned with CamScannerGross multi ying, RP - k= wr (Le0,*-L*) ote pee] oN ae ew Rp- Ye Now, = Kf et fare $ 27 feo {% ‘Scanned with CamScannerCLASS TEST -2 oy | *) are XLe jus jaw xsoxo4 | Ja" AA——| 7 : p (0 go ant . = BWV 6y-a | Kes dh 2 pw? 2 3.050 | 220) 0° \OoK XGO 18.94 | Zp = 5O+ surg) = 51.08 con | Zi= 10 - $3.08 j - 5384447 | BW2_ = BSE SVL -UFND — Gores]. FO L- 11 be oe BRAS L-F4 32 VL 3-FLy 1-32.14 B 634% L192 Ti > T( Boh wu base’ ( EGA) wor L932" A 63-4 2-19.82" Scanned with CamScannerarfasme Lien' (2) o Zi= Z-10} = * a ZWWZ_ = (12-2 Josue) L (ton %)- (to Cx 10)j e2-e Seeger) / (ten! Xe 5 5) Fev Ley (ee =) clo XU (0-2-0.08) = S4.AGt XL= 4S) 904 L= 451-389 = Luse 1 [ook B14 Scanned with CamScannerOy. 23 Bye U5y 42> 646) r 23-8 t2j 2 Pa = S0rOy 2 «S505 2-882 SWZ = 45.66 L-22-0 $06 L4-s° Uo Nay No.> ae (Ane)r2, = aac v Ney =Ver = 99.53 ders’ Vv Nz, = 50L0° 221.8 16 LN. |; ots Lea ov tee eye Cian @otene: Te.* 33627-7035 40, Ti, = 5-034 Lat & zy = Scanned with CamScannerYe | y 2 Le = sn? +e -2ces0 fe RL t ¥ anes \ Vans SPSL {see tae rf soao) b* ho, He [ shor (12 jae] LCR an Je] ce as Lams 2% SUS cs 2 [rs esm +Fcaso J 2 * P eee ee mee ee aera dorm fades = SEM = ee as = MSH. ‘Scanned with CamScannervu oo = aN? . For Lee , . ee fe | 4 Rn={((6nrey+4] Wi} +4 a =U. 606 A Q- Lo.42] Ty >Tec = Wn i * . ( au) ( ia) JUANABR Nor ton' fualent ’ Too = 2NBDK BD ma 190 9% Plo BBD = 0.6677 . Scanned with CamScannerSAGAR YADAV ASSIGNMENT -3 2K20/B15 | 86 Ques 1. Three coils, cachhauing a susittence of 20-2 and an inductive sceactance of 15-2 aru tonnecte fn stan te A 40OV, Sphase, 5OHz supply . Cakeulake (. Line cuevrent ic. Powe Jgactor iii. pouser supple (Ans. z= 201315 2 121 = fons = 25-0 VU= 4Oov Je | | , Vp= Me = 280.44 | ee A Q.oun the Phe 22 = 0b (4a) Ws Pouex = 3.2) p= 3 (a.n4)' C29) = 5122. 656 W Outs2, Thoag 50-2 seats tors we connicted in stan arvwis 40oV, Sphose supply i. Fina phose cwount, Line ewer ond pouter token . it. hal weutal be the obour walurs if one sertstor iy sumoued | Ans. Vi= 4oov Vp = HOO +J3 = 230.94V i. Jor skax connection , pr es 462 R 50 Pousex. = 3Ty R= 2200W &. Ips p= 40° ep 50150 Peuet = 2°R = 4* (0180) =1600W. Outs 3. hse simitox coils , connected in stax , takes a fotat pouex of 15KW af a pousex factor ef 0.2 Lagging fem a 3 phase “oov » 5OH2 suphly. Caletate i. The susirtance and inductance ¥ each coil. i. Dh Line ewounts Hf one & Ahe coll is shore cbuenttert . Scanned with CamScannerPing. i+ Ui=UOoV Vp= HOo+ SS = 230.94V cas =O-2 (Log y P= SNpTp cod = 1500 = 3(230.44) (Tp) (0.2) 3 Dp= 10-825 A Zp = Nps Dp = 21.33 tosh = yp DS REZ cosy = 1-33).2) surge a 2> fxr 2 xXL- IA we = 20-842 XEF WL BLE 2.24 20,0665 4H Sy uss 4. # stax csnnected balanced system with a Line voltege | gf Zoov ts upp lying o botancea Y connect load Of 1200 WwW ot a Le ooling power foctor OF 0.9. what 1 dhe Une CHIVERS And PA phase Impe don ce 7 Ifa batonced foow Ughting Load rs etoled tn parallel, find the Png. Viz 300V Vp 200 NR =173-20 0 P= Bp Dy cord pps 2-biA Ter Sp=2-89 ~ BC 173-0) 410-8) Zp > VP/g, = SIS ha BE RF ape cars L-368F- coe the. stan connected load consis of a i coe Phase ciresistence eg loodL In paratlel wth & capacitor OP WRU. Pind the Une current , power obser bed, the feted LUA and Power factor when eonne ded toa ULV, aphase, SOH2 Spbly. Ans. Zoo DU Xe = Ho. th LUD DZpete = Vp = DUNE _ 2.3%9 2p “40. T6 Powen absorbed = 3CDb es VE 2aW Jatar Ppowen = 3Vbtp = LUUsVA Powen fachr> IRL _ 9 goq 244r Scanned with CamScannerWn36. Jor each branch of A, 2: ; _ . Ue ee (we oe) we ay Se EH CUP 26.54) BUF L3G Vin = Uphsse = &0ov Dphasre > Hoo LO” BULA LEVI Dphese = Dp i235 % L-32-984", S 4 Clay) for 68 ' V3Dp> De. Le = U.403 4 Aetwe poser > BV Penh = 1044 Gu9 Reackue Poon =a v Per ~ 4426 VAR, Tota pow =3VpDp = (482g VA. dnat. Ppplyirng 4° 7 Qo R= Rg = XY = (Isxte _ oa ery rz IsKd 2. Re, Ra ~RA=S DW shoud be Connect ain X- dns &. G) 1 23788 WW, = -Sow HG (She |) > 4h = 66-18". fond = B (255+) a4 PS = wsd = o-4ow (tag). Gi) Phase Afferen oe for bo, = so-& = ~36. 148° Bi = odd = 16.1? ii) Rea ative power 2 VED ad 7B (o)-%,) Scanned with CamScannerAngad, W, = 300 few Wr = look w Gi) JodaQ Powen= Yoo lets Hh) go = tent [G Coy tte) = Ho. By? Biter PE = cad > OFS (log), We) JF VE De tosh = to, quae LL = Yoorty? Tivioox ay COR) Po = (SLA of P poren = 00%. DY p fon = 28 x Yoo = 360 W (eo Anato, We C3 Ve Dh cas4 (esq =o cc) 2 UG y Bo XID KO REGS z= 1ykw W ptr 218 key ted 0s neal ten $= Yorg tend = ( oc ay Dee W, = Wore Brey. 3 Wo, Te = 6 Me w, = lL lew Wy, =6 kw On changing , power fachr taith same moy value of Wr 2 the game WwW) > ttlow Wy > & kw Scanned with CamScannerSAUAR YADAV ASSIGNMENT-4 2¥D.9/ aS | 36 Qussi, Wstite down the construction and working » pra dle of single phase trans former. rg. Tuansformer converts magnehe energy t ele chical en exg —> Construction . ¢- Ht single phase transformer haseach winaling beng wound cplincterically on 4 Aoft tron: Limb separately to proutde a necessany magnetic current Greil , which ig commenly 7 fb as © trans former tove “. Jt offers o bath for the flow of the magnetic eld to induce voltage between huo windings, Converging ancdineressing thre magnetic ciycwit near the coil con enhance the magnetic. coiling berwean the primary and the secen daw uainoling. Dkin’ Steel Laminabions shall be employed to prevent (aces the cove » Based on loo winding art wound around the central tert Louninaled Cove , the trans formen conshuchtén fs ulead inte two parts : Core tepe transformer — $n thie tybe of construction only half gp the winding arr Wound tytn dod cally wound each by af a troneformen f enhance mapnesie coupling 24 Shown th dh Jrqure shovon bolow. This type of Conctruction ensures that magnetic. Unes o force flow across oth the winding stnublaneously. THE main disadvantage a the core fybe a dransformer is the leakage flux that ocoaxs aac te the {toe of Smawh pre poriion Of magn He Gnes oy field outside the cre: — In this ty be fronsformen » the pdmary and Null type trans formex sty 4 roundest Oy tind scoshy en the the cecondarty EANAINGS AL : Vimb reaatting ta twice the Cross SecHenat arco, te Deter Lumb Thene ae tee ehosed mogNehe pathy - ‘ Nh eer gy constyu citen and the eens i the Magnetic fox o/0 Plowing Meh ty be a “ en comes leakage fluxr ~ weduces Core loss Om Shbidenoy » ke on the principle The single Phase Hranediormen 0? of Faradayts tae ov EMI. Typically, mutust - Jndactance between pamouy and se condory wlndlngs w. wesborsible for the prance former operation in an is check reat Fransfowner+ Pandple — Scanned with CamScannerQurng2, WH down the conshuchen and pyr CP cy Woy Kary of aute transformen » Also give ihe application, Ans, Trans former that has cin gle win dling Ts Calect arto TONS form, a. — Constvuciian, We Low that Frans formers incade two eladings namely prmany and secondary which ore connedke magnett bout m subated efecty cody Bub jn auto Arans for mens, a single winding re used Uke body the Hindings There anthypes 3 cute trans formes based On amstra cen. In ove tebe franstermer , there 1s wnfinuovs winding UAth The tbs brow Gut ak eoaviniear polats deteunined by the cleared sdondarsy voltage « How YR, In another tybe op cunts {ran S form ex, there OrK two or move adisHnet ceils Wot one etechi cally Conne cied fo Jorm a continous minding « The corshuchon pg Shewn befor 3 Pain ciple - The auto trans form er algo toor Ke on the prAN ApYe GY ax0Iay lave a eM), the only oafference is the poy tion. a} the single winding fo has trans former will wor k af bodh tybe od the windin, — Applications — 1D Sti wsed on voltage regudotor. 2) 3h inerenses. the voltage in the AC feaderer, 3 ghis used In Laboratories te oblain & vauying voltage continuou ay. rets 3. Define Brn pou's Ctr cuitat Lew. Also define the concep ot peluctanee, flux and mmf. Ans. \mpere's Cjreuttad Laso— This law staber thak the elation ship betwen the carvers and magnetic field created by jt J} apolts thet The inttgrat op magneHe flelel olencity along an imaginary closed path is equal fe the predtuck of uirrent enclosed by dhe path an poumenbility of fhe meolium. $B At = Med. Lluy -— the magnetic flun through asurface isthe surface Yntegrot af the ermal tom ponent ef the magneHe Heke over that surface .¢} is usually olenoted Gor Os. dts sP unit & Weber WWh) dt ix } pag ee ele cbyical cur vent. mmot- St Fs the erty of Certain substan that gives Hse to magnetic fered . Hed f and tH SP unit we Ampere dur, * Scanned with CamScannerRelu chance ~ Magn etic ve Luctance be a concept used jn the analyst< of magnee ay cuits . d+ rs olefined 41 the ato of mmf to magnetic flux. It represents the opposition to magnetic fluy And ts analeyous deo ele crical vesistance , Ibis chencted : by R ond rts SP unth 7s henoy invense C1), | uss 4. Elaborate B-H eurve. Ans. the BH wrve 1% the chonaeberstic af the pragnetic bropenttes ofa maltrict oy element . Sk tel0¢ You how dhe material toon Se tuna magnate fretd and 1 a etical piece Fesbonols Ff information when dealgning the magnedic cureuids . There is a hag, ° GB for the some H. The hysterais comes inte bt f intrense oy, ay when the mataiat hes been magneHaed. the @ within the mawag do notgo back fo uchat i+ waa before, but Tt ol epen olent on the Atrength a Magn eHeoken . Q Fluxdensiigy The slope of the eurve Ha measure ef jhe. Redensiusy permeability oy the mateniod , . » SatareHon — qhe yesh duak magne tigm oy vekn Huy ty is tire flux ea! density ie. aH left WHKin the matnial apter i+ 1 hes beon magnetized . . a Magnericing gy cwenduify isthe magnetic Piet intensity Aaduradion Gover ne qeyived to demagnetize the maderiah often jt hos been mognetse, The saturation effect of the materlat occurs when abd Of the magnetic. domaing , Within the matares have beewrne atinged utth the euternal maynetic field. Mu &. Whateru the hysteur and ecbolyy losces 9 Ang. Hystouts Loses— GF Occurs in dhe core og the Prans formen , This ie the Loe Which occurshe'couse of the renonsag ay the magnetism , fe, 14 1S Crmsed by removing the ¢ pon taneoug magnetism by abblying euensed mmf. formula of hy stents ‘| 66 bess Pe te VE BME 4 can he minimised by using sil Eddy Curvert Loses - $+ fs the less ion St matentat retakve mot. which Occurs because Y the en betwern the core and the magnetic flus. Gololy current inclucer inthe core of the franc former then the attrnahing lux onises with them. The fle Induces emp be cause of which chy eloting currents develop The lose ; tn toms GY heat , Pormata for eddy current logs wi be, Pe=Ke Vg *t*Q*,, Dt can be minimised by using the cove of thin be lamination. Scanned with CamScannerius g, State the similarttes and ctiffenmnces betwean ete efvcak Are ond magnetic cirewds . + Almiland Hes —— . Macnene ELECTR CAL . 1) he closed path for the cleat ca D Mes sea ih fhe magnate fox URS IPSEC eked area, 2) The noch magnetite flux Lines Hy 2) Flos gf electrons olecide the exrrent force hedde the magnelte lox. flowing throeh the Con dluetor « 3) Plox () =_mmf sy be emt veluctance 4) s= ia Moy 5) \div choffts voltage and eavrent ¥ ' Lars and flo: ) Oe ert came: Mee Crago rou D isfensnces —— Magne Te BUECERICAL . V Thene is no tany magnee tnswittoy 1) Drsudators ane present ies Os Hux con PEAS thvough aay maturtaly, Yestrict cary enk to poss through. a) Magnetic flow doe not flow , ayeurrent actually flows 3) when magneric flux f sek Up th 2 Eneangy Meaded o Leng O28 magnekic Chraatt , Re energy eae curvent flouts through Crust [Ts ¥ Ve, 4) 2 =8Mp_ Ang hs Leb tha foteX no. of Ampere twins reels be Ampere furne reqpived for aly gab = Flux xk § (Yar = 4x5 = O.FKA XS Te =ea9 ] = Ot xX#¥ A = 2 5 Ae Une PY ee aauenil = 0-% X3xto™ ——__—— S\GWAT. axn xt x1 Now, CAT) aly fs Fors: ay totak ape ampere turn , OT) fotet =. QF X Loo Fo 234 AT, Scanned with CamScannerAna &@. For indactors, we have, dee t For cai} Sth NS furng, d= OT bad JEL = Roo ets ke? of 7 loo Klo> (.ramH, Ang 4, Up = Uti tam Litla dem stony Uttar -am= 6H Ciiven ) om UK =H. oe K Cw efficient of coupling ) = a Ong: al Sotip tithe by BL, LP = L448 Li = #-636 oy 0-268 Ly ee ce Yr # Ve . Scanned with CamScannerSe SSAGhe VRODY ASSIGNMENT-5ox3e jars 136 Burs 4. Exptrin Pmme inehwnent in dafail with proper dltagram ooking Ans. pitt wenstruction . state advantages and othadwantages toe - e inshuments which use the pounanerd magnel for wwating the totionany magnenic fret between vxhich the ceil moves is known as the Prme indrument. df operates on the principle that the forge is€ ¥eded on the moulng ceil placed in the gielt of the pounanerk MeQnel. The PMC in etre ent gies the Rcewabe TeULl for DC measurement, : > Construction Mosing Coil- Che coil us the count emvuying part of the jastrument! which & purty movect between the ababienary fielol ef the pesmanent magnet . Magnet Syctem ~The PMMe inatrument UsAg the pou anent ena nek- toy wating the Akabion ary magnets. Cen trol - In PMMA instrument the contro ing forgnre is because of the ébring9s. the shrings wu also provides the path to the Teac curvent fo flow in and Gut of the mouing call, Damping ~ the damping torque is used for keping the mevem ent GH the coil in vest. Porater and Scate — The pointer is Unked uith the MOING coll, The pointer petices the degteatton of the est) and he magnitude ef dheir deuiotion fs Shown on the scake Ta = NGLAL G=hBLA Te > KO mal K 6= GT 6+ Gt Rea) hig K Gi Pivot Riewet bearing > Pelvan-tag ex ; 1 t, the Seade ef the PMMC ic corre ctty Sree ce Pointer divided « Seate | Re The power corrsumption Is very fess, oy i |g. di has veny high aceusaey because Sean avr J the Wigh torqae weight Tao. ae (ee) 1dt can only be used for the ae foams elivect current enly , mel 2, The cast ef PMme is mach, <— Piver % Jered Weaning, igh ex as compared fo the Seate ERY moulng ceil instraments . Roc as Beta 5 N Ree Ss cfr Balance wedghtr ‘Scanned with CamScanner Mousa coilQuss2, Degine ‘the ewtension TAYE of Pmm_C -eummem cher a wing hank reaxistoy vith derivation. Also ceue the expression for extenelen FARGE™E CEPMME voltmeter by using sentex yeaistor- Ans. An aummeter Shunt is merely Alou rveristence Huis placed Yo parted waith the stl drat of the imetramenr in order to meas faiyly lange cuyverts . The greake pant of the wrrent in man radh then grerted awounad dhe coll through ¢huak. 7 | E/T 1-Im /%m-) Daw & Voltage mui Plex i¢ igh non-inductive Yesiston ce cam ected (in sedes with the vettmetor coil and mused for tn ereasing the range of the voltage meter . A voltmeter connected in cenite With the Agh non induchve Tecistence for measurement of high voltage. a ns T =m th, ot z ke Tne =DsRs SUPPLY AO Rg = Dam - Rm + 4 Rs ~ Ve Bm Ry +B i + R=vV¥ _g, De surrey Dn ; wang esi] Volt meter fs 260 2 , The Ours 3, ier ene ee ‘3 ie Mem Long and 3mewdde | TROLL NG ve dha Jo the aby Gap 3S 6x (9H Wb mt, Ona tne The flux Sree by 200.V, the spong Latral Glues & See of 1? for & torqne of 25 xo F Nm, ans. =E2KG | 25 KI = KX. oO ty - NIAB es - 3 25x X i me 25% spe noe x 2007 BE 6H wo “eee Freee” a5 xi XO = 1B oe LB xt084 2S 272°: Scanned with CamScannerOur Bh. Lhe meter etement of PMMC Ingtrument hos o veritfen ce of Sr and vegires [SmA for fult scat dleplection . Cakartabe the susic tence jo be connenteat (i) in panatte® fox ead upto U1) In sou es Jy yead Uptr 1OV, 1A. Ans- (GF) TaPm > IRs 5 KIS KIO? = Ci=tS M10) Re Rye FSXIO = 0.076142 0 O.98S" (IY Vi = De Re tLe R Ye = Keto (SARS WAS=RDREUMSH OQUss. Explain alyna memeber Wadtmedes wlth proper dia gram , tonctry Uton and working - Mlse give modke And dementts, Drg. The Instrum ent oF Anis tybers usec o8 % wathimeker, the fiyed teil, which «1 divided Into 4wo equat per onc in order to prowde Uniform Feld, i employ a os Guerent cal) ana the Moeing tell o¢ ja duchive reaks Mace is used og a pressuve cil. A Wigh fen us coil inorder to Umi t the current, connected tn codes with the moving the magnertc fields af the fixed anc Mong esily Teack en One another cavaing the moving wil te funn Gbouk Ts US. The movement Ys controllecl fy haiy springs which alyo lead the eter ers) nto and gut of The -mouing element + Damping Fe prousded >y Uhh atant num antsy moving inan sy doh pot ‘The Pointer i Sixed te the moving ceil shinalte and moves aver a suitably cali brated | scole, taxes cou _frmwwa] PRED SOL cow curvent Through fixed coil, igh i ' through movd hy ae 7 Current Throws ny sil, Lowy ote ‘ ve A J ResisTANCE | Deplecting Tov qe, Ta Aylm x iV > Advantages : 1) Since degtecting torqse is proportionar to true power tn belh the Cases . 2) High de grea ef aceuvany mn foe obtained toy con efur design, hence these ans ured as atanclanal for dotibvadtion pur poses , Dis advanitoges 4) PA tow Power factor The error de to jhe inductance af pressure cot \ isvery sedous unless Sheclok fraturer are ty tor porated to weduce sa Meck, 2) The reading of ths Instrument may be affected by ctray fret acktag on the moving coil. Jo reduce. It, magnetle Shielding Ts promided &y en aosing The \natrument ja an iron cone, Scanned with CamScannerOuse 6, A dynamo mela dybe walkmetor with Ws vetlage cei) connected ) acaoss the load side reads (42 W «the load voliage I< 208V And Tesbtance Of the PolenHah coll ts 2S27HR - Coleutate C)Arae load pow Gt Li) ‘Aenior tue to wot meser Connection. . L Ans-() P= (et) = 1.3) W 3e25 True load powet = (12 -\W.51 > \ZO. FW . Ww) “hewioy = V2 180.4 (BOF ir , our , Guss 7. Explain single Phare induction watkm ser or energy wi proper dlogram , constr uetien-and wor king | Ang. The basic principle of induction type enexgy metor ts EM). when AC Qlows through two SUitably locatect epile Produces otal ng magnetic fiekd which Ts cut by the metallic cise surpended nean fo the ci)s thay emf induce In the Mise Which is dratobes eddy oarrent in 1 by Incexattion g) rotating magnetic fiele ancl edly covrente, torque is sleveloptd and COLE the alike Total. joo = 6.25 ‘1. Retording — Construction fares} JPEENTIAL — yDyLlng Systtm Bl ie > Senies magnets At consist of a No. o} U~ Shab ed Laminations o4 Silitan steth tog ethen to form a tore. ; b> Shank magnets It concists of no. of M- Sheped Lamination ey silicon stat arcembled together te form a core. 2D Moving System 1 The moving SYsten essentially eonsicts ge Upht votabing aduminium disk meuntecl on a VOUuTot spindle or shaft. 3) Braking Syctent Damping af the cis aos ae prowakea by eee eee ‘ magnet located ctlametvicathy obbeite Ao the AC magnets, Su PPLY { b 4) Recor diag Mechanisms, “the function of ve cor Aing mechanism is to verord wrtinvosly o po.g the diag which os propor fonag to the revolsttons made by the mowing eysttm . The No.9 verotuion om the ABE (sa measured the electri cal enoigy, parsing tough the meter , Scanned with CamScannerGusy.B. Explain evroveia the tadactlen watthour meter. Ana. 1) PHASE and SPEED ERRORS Ain error de te incorrect ookjustnent of Sheling band will be. ertdense chen the medote ert ona loath oh power fathr lore Ahan untty. An exrow on the fari side under these cen alitions Can be etiminatech by bringing the shading band necoux to the dtsc andwice ved. An error in the Shead of the meter then Heated en non Inductive Load con be ebimdnatect by adfuatment of ane bosition of the brake magnet . Ti) Feretiow ComPEnsAaTion prop KEEPING Eeroe, ro] Two shading bands embrace the flux Uontained tn the tue outyy | Umbs of the Shunt eke chro magnet and thes Cds currents are | Introduced in them which couse a phase disblacement between The enclosed flux and the main gap fluc. Asa TeQUde, a dmaty adwiey torqnre Gexortd on the aise , this torque. being sojuateal | by vantation ©) the pesion ef there bands ,to compensate for fiction torque to dhe Instry ment Th Some enorgy metou, the BEE con tnves rotating when the potential Cle au excited bub With no load eurrent owing This defect Ts known as er@abing, Wi) TEMPERSTORS AMD PRE QUVEDG ERRORS The Srroy s Aneta Yoswation iy Mmboakure ont veny email since Are vardous efgects due to change in tempor wie tend Meudrakize each other On unity power fadior i4 not on low 4 Chagging). Sin ce tre mekors wt Used Normatly ot Srent Freapan cys theny can be ackjusted te hove a minimum error ob decloted subbly freyeney Whig, ts normally go Ha. Qu0g 9. Explain induch'sn wattmeter withproper oliaga ‘ Za wer king « Alto glue ean eee IR adoertageemat rechion CARS. Indu clon wall meters can be ustclon AC civcuits Only and ane useful Only when the frequendy and cuphly veltage ant concent. | The epercdion qd alt induration instraments depends on the product on of torque due to reaction between O frye 4, and eday | currents Taduceal ine metal ase er drum by another ox gy Since themagnitade of eddy currents alte depends on the lun prodading them, the instantaneous value af the ahegtectt ng. toryse te bre porHonal to the sqsoun af the eurrent or vel faye Under Meaaurement ond the value ef mean ae fle cing torque Ts propor then ad tp the Mean Sqporr of the euyrent er voltage —> Conctra citen . St pos two laminated cle ctyomagnets one te exetbed bi An caytek ty the main civentt Ths Grating lading being Ses, a tn genie vith the Great, hence Tt kK abso cattes coos magnes. to Scanned with CamScannerThe other ele chro magnek fy ewdiked by current vbteh os Proportional b tra votes e ] the Trash + Ate eweiHay call ay ener tn pavadlet vst th the Grwlb, hence IS magnet w somelimy reffered to ghunk magnet, A thin abuminiom Aske [ meanted tn such a woy tat TH cuts the fares Of both the magnets. Hence twee eddy Currents are pro drced srdertettion in the dice. The cleftection torque 8 pre deel aes a = Irtorackhian Of These ectdy curt ents and the Inducing Mune. Dor 2 Cobpen mings ae Hitt on the Central Umb of the chunk magnet and con be so adyusted os ty make the resultant flvx th the chant magnet tg, behind the Applied voltage by a suitable angle, This intrament i sping controlled the Spa spindle ef the mowing sadttm which aks ccahe w% uniformly even and ew tends vey Jeo” . Cu th watt meder tan handle carr ent wpto too, Por Handling greater | current sthes ant used th con fun Uhon with current trans formers , —> Advantages . GD gy Fairly long Seate a 2)Geed clumping ig Show MpnvET AY bey. fithea to the: © carries a potrren . the 3) Pree from the epocks of the stray Aretd | ty 4) Porcttcalty free from freqrenty error. -Cobber ¢ bends 44 — Digadvontay es suppey LL Sometimes subjected te Lonp gertos temperature ervey. ete acne —> + -. te al Gerdes magnet (uss 10+ P2B0V ,SOH2 gingle phase energy mekr hos a congdant ef \200 meV] KOH, Pokormine dhe Shea of aise in Thm foro current o tof at ph of 0-8 lag gias. Ans. Enengy supped ber min = Viusdxt. 230 KO XO.B ye tooo se ~—«&° = 0. 0206F KWH Spead = 0-0306F X (200 = 36.% veu/mn, Scanned with CamScanner@usall. Explain ctigttar voltmeters with figure , enstructon and working. Ang. Worleing princi ple Dedmay “(enti Poe Snpuddgnas, GenenoKen, —— Da pak $4 gnak > |Bttenator bs [Th pc}> Convertex]—s Read Gul ——— gyctem Types — ) Ramp Aye Lighter 3 Sndegqraking type 3 PotendMo mete tybe, 4) Successive Aphrorimadion tyg ec §) Continows balan eo bebe Aigitad vat tmebey Rebvon tr9 eg I) Read ou UM's & easy 2) Versa le and ocayate 3) Compact and ch “) Pow Feb Uy, nerves eh S) Reading BR po taken very Yate, Scanned with CamScanner