Spring 2022-2023 Term 4

ИКНТ/ИКиЗИ/ФизМех

Active Vocabulary: 24, Grammar Structures: 5, Linkers: 14. Total: 960

Monologue on OPERATING SYSTEMS (UNIT 3)

Step 1. Introduction Bill Gates once said that the best operating system is the
1. Start with a hook sentence that will one that is the most flexible. It's no secret that almost everyone
attract the listener’s attention, a quote, uses a computer, but few people know what it consists of and
a proverb, etc. how it works. And the operating system is a very important part
2. Lead your speech steadily to the
of the computer, without which hardware is useless. Therefore, I
main part of your talk.
3. The introduction may consist of 3-6
want to talk about how it works in more detail.
sentences.
Step 2. Operating systems An operating system or OS is software on the hard drive
2.1. What is an OS? that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate
with the computer software. An operating system is essential for
2.2. Types of OS (GUI, Multi-user, computers and software programs to function properly. It serves
Multiprocessing, Multithreading, as a link between hardware and software, and also provides a
Multitasking). What are they?
user interface with graphical elements like windows and menus.
Additionally, it manages computer resources to ensure efficient
performance of software programs. As computers have
progressed and developed, so have the operating systems. Many
computer operating systems will fall into more than one of the
below types.
GUI – Sort for Graphical User Interface, a GUI operating system
contains graphics and icons and is commonly navigated by using
a computer mouse. Examples of GUI operating systems are:
Windows 98, Windows CE.
Multi-user – a multi-user operating system allows for multiple
users to use the same computer at the same time and different
times. See the multi-user definition for a complete definition.
Examples of operating systems that would fall into this category
are: Linux, Unix, Windows 2000.
Multiprocessing – an operating system capable of supporting and
utilizing more than one computer processor. For example, Linux
and Unix are multi processing operating systems.
Multitasking – a operating system that is capable of allowing
multiple software processes to run at the same time. Examples of
operating systems that would fall into this category are: Linux,
Unix, Windows 8.
Multithreading – operating systems that allow different parts of a
software program to run concurrently.
Step 3. What do OS do? The operating system is crucial for the proper functioning
3.1. Why is an OS one of the most of most types of computers, including mobile devices, video
important parts of a computer? game systems, and DVRs. It allocates system resources, provides
consistent application interface, and controls hardware from
3.2. Speak about the tasks operating different manufacturers. When choosing an operating system for
systems must accomplish.
a business, considerations should include hardware platform,
system security requirements, ease of administration,
adaptability, and applications to be used.
First, it is the processor management. The operating system
needs to allocate enough of the processor's time to each process
and application so that they can run as efficiently as possible.
This is particularly important for multitasking. When the user
has multiple applications and processes running, it is up to the
 operating system to ensure that they have enough resources to
run properly. Next, there is storage and memory management.
The operating system needs to ensure that each process has
enough memory to execute the process, while also ensuring that
one process does not use the memory allocated to another
process. This must also be done in the most efficient manner.
The operating system must balance the needs of each process
with the different types of memory available. Also, the operating
system must manage the devices. Most computers have
additional hardware, such as printers and scanners, connected to
them. These devices require drivers, or special programs that
translate the electrical signals sent from the operating system or
application program to the hardware device. The application
interface is also necessary. Programmers use it to control the
computer and operating system. As the operating system
encounters API functions, it takes the desired action, so the
programmer does not need to know the details of controlling the
hardware. Finally, the User Interface. It is the part of the
application through which the user interacts with the application.
Step 4. History of OS Early electronic digital computers had no operating systems
4.1. Speak about the generations of and programs were often entered one bit at a time on rows of
operating systems. mechanical switches. Programming languages were unknown
(not even assembly languages). By the early 1950's, the routine
4.2. Compare two modern OS. had improved somewhat with the introduction of punch cards.
The General Motors Research Laboratories implemented the first
operating systems in early 1950's for their IBM 701. The system
of the 50's generally ran one job at a time. These were called
single-stream batch processing systems because programs and
data were submitted in groups or batches. The systems of the
1960's were also batch processing systems, but they were able to
take better advantage of the computer's resources by running
several jobs at once. So operating systems designers developed
the concept of multiprogramming in which several jobs are in
main memory at once; a processor is switched from job to job as
needed to keep several jobs advancing while keeping the
peripheral devices in use. Third-generation operating systems
introduced spooling, a technique where output data is written to
disk instead of directly to the printer. With the development of
LSI circuits and microprocessors, personal computers and
workstations became as powerful as mainframes from the 1970s.
I would like to compare two operating systems: Mac OS
and Windows. I managed to use two platforms. If I was asked
which is better, I wouldn't answer. But, each OS has its pros and
cons. On Windows, you can download any program, and safely
manage it. On the other hand, Windows is much slower than
macOS, and the interface is fresher. But maybe I just didn’t use
all the functionality.
Step 6. Conclusion In conclusion, an operating system (OS) is a crucial
component of a computer system that allows communication
Summarise the ideas of steps 2,3,4,5. between hardware and software. It also provides a user interface
that facilitates interaction with software applications, manages
computer resources, and enables the execution of multiple
programs at the same time. There are various types of operating
systems, including GUI, multi-user, multiprocessing,
multitasking, and multithreading. An operating system performs
different functions, such as processor management, storage and
memory management, device management, application interface
management, and user interface management.