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1c-1 Solving Linear Simultaneous Equations

This document discusses solving linear simultaneous equations using the elimination and substitution methods. It provides examples of using both methods to solve simultaneous equations step-by-step. It also includes practice problems for students to solve simultaneous equations using these methods.

Uploaded by

riya shukla
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18 views

1c-1 Solving Linear Simultaneous Equations

This document discusses solving linear simultaneous equations using the elimination and substitution methods. It provides examples of using both methods to solve simultaneous equations step-by-step. It also includes practice problems for students to solve simultaneous equations using these methods.

Uploaded by

riya shukla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solving linear simultaneous equations

using the elimination method


A LEVEL LINKS
Scheme of work: 1c. Equations – quadratic/linear simultaneous

Key points
 Two equations are simultaneous when they are both true at the same time.
 Solving simultaneous linear equations in two unknowns involves finding the value of each
unknown which works for both equations.
 Make sure that the coefficient of one of the unknowns is the same in both equations.
 Eliminate this equal unknown by either subtracting or adding the two equations.

Examples
Example 1 Solve the simultaneous equations 3x + y = 5 and x + y = 1

3x + y = 5 1 Subtract the second equation from


– x+y=1 the first equation to eliminate the y
2x =4 term.
So x = 2

Using x + y = 1 2 To find the value of y, substitute


2+y=1 x = 2 into one of the original
So y = −1 equations.

Check: 3 Substitute the values of x and y into


equation 1: 3 × 2 + (−1) = 5 YES both equations to check your
equation 2: 2 + (−1) = 1 YES answers.

Example 2 Solve x + 2y = 13 and 5x − 2y = 5 simultaneously.

x + 2y = 13 1 Add the two equations together to


+ 5x − 2y = 5 eliminate the y term.
6x = 18
So x = 3

Using x + 2y = 13 2 To find the value of y, substitute


3 + 2y = 13 x = 3 into one of the original
So y = 5 equations.

Check: 3 Substitute the values of x and y into


equation 1: 3 + 2 × 5 = 13 YES both equations to check your
equation 2: 5 × 3 − 2 × 5 = 5 YES answers.
Example 3 Solve 2x + 3y = 2 and 5x + 4y = 12 simultaneously.

(2x + 3y = 2) × 4 8x + 12y = 8 1 Multiply the first equation by 4 and


(5x + 4y = 12) × 3 15x + 12y = 36 the second equation by 3 to make
7x = 28 the coefficient of y the same for
both equations. Then subtract the
So x = 4 first equation from the second
equation to eliminate the y term.

Using 2x + 3y = 2 2 To find the value of y, substitute


2 × 4 + 3y = 2 x = 4 into one of the original
So y = −2 equations.

Check: 3 Substitute the values of x and y into


equation 1: 2 × 4 + 3 × (−2) = 2 YES both equations to check your
equation 2: 5 × 4 + 4 × (−2) = 12 YES answers.

Practice
Solve these simultaneous equations.

1 4x + y = 8 2 3x + y = 7
x+y=5 3x + 2y = 5

3 4x + y = 3 4 3x + 4y = 7
3x – y = 11 x – 4y = 5

5 2x + y = 11 6 2x + 3y = 11
x – 3y = 9 3x + 2y = 4
Solving linear simultaneous equations
using the substitution method
A LEVEL LINKS
Scheme of work: 1c. Equations – quadratic/linear simultaneous
Textbook: Pure Year 1, 3.1 Linear simultaneous equations

Key points
 The subsitution method is the method most commonly used for A level. This is because it is
the method used to solve linear and quadratic simultaneous equations.

Examples
Example 4 Solve the simultaneous equations y = 2x + 1 and 5x + 3y = 14

5x + 3(2x + 1) = 14 1 Substitute 2x + 1 for y into the


second equation.
5x + 6x + 3 = 14 2 Expand the brackets and simplify.
11x + 3 = 14
11x = 11 3 Work out the value of x.
So x = 1

Using y = 2x + 1 4 To find the value of y, substitute


y=2×1+1 x = 1 into one of the original
So y = 3 equations.

Check: 5 Substitute the values of x and y into


equation 1: 3 = 2 × 1 + 1 YES both equations to check your
equation 2: 5 × 1 + 3 × 3 = 14 YES answers.

Example 5 Solve 2x − y = 16 and 4x + 3y = −3 simultaneously.

y = 2x − 16 1 Rearrange the first equation.


4x + 3(2x − 16) = −3 2 Substitute 2x − 16 for y into the
second equation.
4x + 6x − 48 = −3 3 Expand the brackets and simplify.
10x − 48 = −3
10x = 45 4 Work out the value of x.
So x =
Using y = 2x − 16 5 To find the value of y, substitute
y=2× − 16 x= into one of the original
So y = −7 equations.

Check: 6 Substitute the values of x and y into


both equations to check your
equation 1: 2 × – (–7) = 16 YES
answers.
equation 2: 4 × + 3 × (−7) = −3 YES
Practice
Solve these simultaneous equations.

7 y=x–4 8 y = 2x – 3
2x + 5y = 43 5x – 3y = 11

9 2y = 4x + 5 10 2x = y – 2
9x + 5y = 22 8x – 5y = –11

11 3x + 4y = 8 12 3y = 4x – 7
2x – y = –13 2y = 3x – 4

13 3x = y – 1 14 3x + 2y + 1 = 0
2y – 2x = 3 4y = 8 – x

Extend

15 Solve the simultaneous equations 3x + 5y − 20 = 0 and .


Answers
1 x = 1, y = 4

2 x = 3, y = –2

3 x = 2, y = –5

4 x = 3, y = –

5 x = 6, y = –1

6 x = –2, y = 5

7 x = 9, y = 5

8 x = –2, y = –7

9 x= ,y=3

10 x = ,y=3

11 x = –4, y = 5

12 x = –2, y = –5

13 x = ,y=1

14 x = –2, y = 2

15 x = –2 , y = 5

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