GROUP1 RESEARCH PAPER Edited
GROUP1 RESEARCH PAPER Edited
Department of Education
Region III
Schools Division of Pampanga
Porac Model Community High School
Pio Porac Pampanga
Promoted to the Senior High School Department in Partial Completion of the course Practical
Research
Presented by:
Gopez, Joharra M.
Tolentino, Danica C.
12-HE D
Presented to:
Edel B. Bansil, MPA, LPT
Research Teacher
February 2022
Chapter 1
Background of the study
Introduction
“Time Management” is really a misnomer – the challenge is not to manage time but, but
manage ourselves. The key is not prioritized what’s on your schedule, but to schedule your
priorities. (Stephen R. Covey)
In the field of education, students suffer in their academic performances due to a lack of
motivation. They are struggling to adopt the changes in their online learning modality. The
transition to online learning has proven challenging for students from different countries, and this
struggle has manifested itself in a variety of ways among PMCHS students. In an online learning
modality, you have to study at your own pace and sometimes ask for help from your teacher. The
new normal brought challenges to the student in terms of understanding their module on their
own. Its mobility allows people to learn at their own time while preparing for the future. It is
suitable in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic since it assures that students can continue their
education at home.
The coronavirus (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic on 12 March 2020 and social
distancing was adopted in many places to contain the problem. Indeed, numerous countries
around the world decided to close schools nationwide to prevent or contain the spread of the
virus, significantly affecting the learning of millions of children and adolescents. COVID-19 has
highlighted the problem of the management of school lessons and learning processes worldwide,
among issues. Technology can certainly be of support in this regard. Ministries of education in
different countries have recommended or made it mandatory to implement online learning at all
school levels in various countries. This decision has also been supported by UNESCO, which has
declared that online learning can help stop the spread of the virus by avoiding direct interactions
between people. UNESCO has additionally provided a list of free educational platforms and
resources that can be used for online learning according to the needs of each educational
institution, providing social care and interaction during school closures.
Effective time management is one of the most useful abilities you can have as an online student.
The better you manage your time, the more likely you are to meet your objectives. Effective time
management not only aids learning, but it can also help you be more productive at work and at
home. Students with good time management abilities can prioritize chores and complete
schoolwork and assignments on time. Students who improve their time management skills
become more organized, confident, and learn more successfully. Because their attention is
focused and they are not wasting time on distractions (such as social media), effective time
management allows students to accomplish more in less time. Efficient time management also
reduces stress as students cross items off their to-do list.
Review Related Literature
Time is a valuable resource. Time passes us by and never returns. However, we have a lot of
things we want to do and a lot of things we have to do. Because of today's competitive business
environment, which forces people and firms to perform so many things at once, the need of
making the right decisions for the right jobs using the correct procedures is becoming
increasingly crucial. Failure and misery await people who are unable to efficiently manage their
time in their personal and professional life due to a lack of ability to keep oneself updated. Time
can never be reclaimed after it has been spent. As a result, it should be considered thoughtfully,
with proper preparation, and used wisely in order to achieve success and boost productivity. The
objective of this study is to inform those students who value education and so have a master's
degree, which the most major problem ahead will be the misuse of their time management in
order to cope with the constant changes and advances of corporate life. With this in mind,
finding out the association between time management skills and academic performance/success
through the use of a time management survey is vital for those students who are working in
multiple occupations at different periods and ages while studying in the same time frame. (2020,
Ayse Sigdem). The use of time management skills reduces stress and aids people in becoming
more efficient and satisfied in their lives and careers (Hanley et al., 2015). Many research (Khan,
2015;Liborius et al., 2019;Nadinloyi et al., 2013;Sana et al., 2013;Waite et al., 2018;Zhang, 2015)
show a link between students' time and concentration management and their academic
performance. In a study published in 1990 by Macan et al., the authors found that students who
practiced time management had greater academic achievement and were less stressed than those
who did not. Dr. Weinstein's research, which included the development, validation, and
application of the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory in traditional and online learning
contexts, has framed prior and present learning strategies research agendas. Many of the early
learning techniques study findings, classifications, and interventions that are still in use across
the country and around the world are included in this overview and Supplementary Material
section's personal tales. The concluding sections of this analysis describe future research
challenges and topics that will require more focused attention in the years ahead, given our more
complex, digital, and diverse world. Throughout history, good and efficient time management
has been emphasized, and it has also been regarded as a key to success (Pugh & Nathwani, 2017;
Nasrullah & Khan, 2015). Stress can have a major negative impact on a student's academic
performance (e.g., decreased ability to pay attention or memorize, less dedication to study, and
more absences from class) (Chou et al., 2015; Turner et al., 2015), Frederick Winslow Taylor
used the term "time management" to describe the process of studying employee time and motion
studies in order to reduce time waste and inefficient labor (Savino, 2016). Time management has
also been defined as a type of self-management that places a strong emphasis on time in terms of
determining what things to do, how to do them more efficiently, when to do them, and when is
the best time to accomplish them (Savino, 2016). Long-range planning competence refers to the
ability to handle daily tasks over a longer period of time while staying on track with the goals set
for important dates. Short-range planning, on the other hand, refers to planning for day-to-day
activities or tasks within a day or week. These time management habits or skills are said to
promote good academic performance by allowing students to better manage their curriculum and
attain learning objectives (Razali et al., 2018). Students' non-cognitive personal behavior, such as
their perspective on time management, is also an effective predictor of educational achievement
because poor time management skills make it difficult for students to plan their studies, causing
anxiety and agitation during the assessment period, which usually occurs at the end of the course
(Scherer, Talley, & Fife, 2017). Students have historically linked poor time management with
low academic performance, which could be largely self-serving bias, but there have been
numerous studies that support this association (Nadinloyi et al., ; Kharadze,2017 Gulua, & Davit,
2017).Time attitudes long-range planning, and short-range planning are the three primary
surfaces that time management behavior has (Aeon & Aguinis, 2017). Administratively and
academically, there is a significant difference between web-based and formal education in terms
of time management. There was a type of formal schooling learning opportunity that included a
thorough explanation of everything (Nieuwoudt & Brickhill, 2017). According to Yamini
Chandra (2020), the government has shuttered all educational institutions around the world in
order to limit the development of the COVID-19 epidemic, which has a direct influence on
students, educators, and institutions. The abrupt transition from a physical classroom to a virtual
environment is causing confusion among pupils. The goal of this study was to examine students'
perceptions of academic stress during current online education, as well as their coping techniques
based on emotional intelligence. The COVID-19 pandemic, according to Lisa R Amir, Ira Tanti,
Diah Ayu Maharani, Yuniardini Septorini, Wimardhai, Vera Julia, Benso Sulijaya, and Ria
Puspitawati (2020), has become a global health issue with a significant influence on education.
As a result, learning methods were supplied through remote learning halfway through the second
semester of the academic year 2019/2020. (DL).We wanted to see how students felt about DL
versus classroom learning (CL) in the undergraduate dentistry program at Universitas Indonesia's
Faculty of Dentistry. Although several research have explored this topic, according to Jessie S.
Barot, Ian I. Llenares, and Leo S. Del Rosario (2021), insufficient information is known
addressing the problems and the precise strategies that students employ to overcome them. As a
result, this research aims to fill in the gaps. The findings, which were based on a mixed-methods
approach, demonstrated that college students' online learning problems varied in terms of type
and intensity. As a result of the worldwide COVID-19 outbreak, online learning became the only
way to learn during this unprecedented catastrophe. Started with a basic but important question:
What characteristics influenced the success of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic,
with a focus on online learning self-efficacy? Min Young Doo, Heeok Heo, Curtis J. Bonk
(2021). Through the study of trace data, this paper intends to investigate the time management
methods used by students in a flipped classroom. An exploratory investigation was carried out on
the dataset gathered across three consecutive offers of an undergraduate computer engineering
course Ahmad Uzir(2021).
HYPOTHESIS
In this study, the following null and alternative hypothesis are adapted:
Null Hypothesis: The Covid 19 Pandemic does not affect the time management strategies of the
students on their studies.
Alternative Hypothesis: The Covid 19 Pandemic affects the time management strategies of the
students on their study.
in making their own decisions and developing their own strategies for managing or balancing
their time while studying, sleeping, eating, and having free time.
Conceptual Framework
The input-process-output paradigm has long been the most popular way of understanding and
describing team performance, and it still has a strong hold on group research today. Processes are
the interactions among group members, whereas inputs are the conditions that exist prior to
group activity. Outputs are the outcomes of group action that the team or organization values
(Ilgen, D. R., Hollenbeck, J. R., Johnson, M., & Jundt, D. (2005).
• Awareness and
The factor that effects the • Interview recommend a solution to
time management on the the student's conclusion for
students the subject matter of this
• Survey Output study.
(Student Related Factor,
Teacher Related Factor
School Related Factor and
Home Related Factor)
EXPLANATION
This was done to demonstrate that the information gathered would be used to answer questions
about the study's specific goals. The age, sex, and sector of the responders are all listed in the
input box. As the investigation progressed, an arrow was directed from the input to the second
box. The data analysis procedure was used in the study, and the research was turned into a
questionnaire, interview, and survey based on the Factors Affecting the Time Management of
Grade 12 Senior High School in Porac Model Community. An arrow is directed from the process
to the third box, which is the output of the study. After carefully analyzing the study's findings,
the researchers conceive the study's output, which highlights all of the aspects that affect
students' time management, which the researchers established as a sign of responsive awareness
and solution to the study's difficulties.
Definition of Term
Learning Modality-A set of hypotheses attempting to explain why people learn in different
ways is referred to as learning styles. Many theories agree that humans may be classified
according to their "learning style," but they dispute on how the proposed styles should be defined,
categorized, and rated.
Online Learning-Online learning is defined as education that is delivered via the Internet. It's
also known as "e-learning," among other things. Online learning, on the other hand, is merely
one sort of "distance learning," which refers to any learning that takes place over a long distance
rather than in a typical classroom
Modular Learning-Modular learning as the name implies makes use of learning modules that
allow students to learn on their own. Self-Learning Modules (SLM) based on the most essential
learning skills (MELCS) produced by teachers with the help of curriculum developers are used in
modular learning
Effectiveness-Effectiveness is a measure of how well a certain intervention, process, regimen, or
service performs as intended for a specific population when deployed in the field under normal
conditions
Efficiency-Efficiency is defined as the capacity to perform successfully or achieve a goal
without wasting energy, resources, effort, time, or money.
Chapter ll
Methods and Procedure
Research Design
The design of the study is descriptive. A quantitative method was describing the time
management strategies of the senior high school students in distance learning. The participants of
the study are the random 54 TVL students from 12- HE C who undergo distance learning in
Porac Model Community High School. Descriptive data were collected to explore the time
management strategies in distance learning. The researcher selected descriptive research design
as it helps portray an accurate profile of persons, events and situations. Descriptive research
design also helps out in describing the characteristics of the population.
The participants of the study are the TVL students from section of 12 HE C of Porac Model
Community high school, school year of 2021-2022 in the Municipality of Porac Province of
Pampanga who have time management strategies in their studies during Covid-19 Pandemic.
Research Locale
The researchers was conducted at Porac Model Community high school on how they manage
their studies strategy in Covid 19 Pandemic.
Instrument
The instrument employed in this study is a structured survey, which is made up of a range of
questions that the researcher has created. It comprises the respondent's profile as well as the topic
of time management in distant learning among senior high school students using a 5-point likert
type scale.
Sampling
Random Sampling is used by the researchers. Random sampling is a part of the sampling
technique in which each sample has an equal probability of being chosen. A sample chosen
randomly is meant to be an unbiased representation of the total population. If for some reasons,
the sample does not represent the population, the variation is called a sampling error. It helps by
ensuring that the results obtained from your sample should approximate what would have been
obtained if the entire population had been measured. The researcher conducted 54 senior high
school students at 12- HEC from Porac Model Community High School.
As stated by Rouse (2016), data collection is a methodical and systematic approach to gather
information from a different source to get complete answer. In this research study, the
researchers did random selection of respondents in TVL student from section of 12- HE C
students in Porac Model Community High School. The researchers asked permission to the
respondents to answer the survey questionnaire to determine the time management strategies of
the students during distance learning. The collected data will be used as basis in answering the
statement of the problem.
Data Analysis
To better analyze the data, the researchers used SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences). According to Farnsworth (2018), SPSS offers the ability to create descriptive statistics,
non-parametric and parametric analyses which are readily provided by also graphical images of
findings in the way of Graphical User Interface (GUI). This statistical tool allowed the
researchers to create meaningful interpretation and reporting of research findings. Researchers
preferably used this tool for it is capable of analyzing huge amount of encoded data. Also, it is
simple to use because of its range of features and tools particularly in detailed computation of
data and in generating graphs or chart which are ready for interpretation. Furthermore, the
statistical tool provided the mean, frequency distribution and percentage of the gathered data.
Etchical Consideration
The researchers followed the guidelines or norms given in terms of the right of the participants.
The researchers have to fulfill the informed consent and assent voluntary participants,
confidentiality and protection from abuse maintenance of the security of the participants. In these
study researchers gives a privilege to the participants to respond for the research and the
researcher will make sure that all the given information collected from the participants will be
confidential and the law on plagiarism will also be considered so no one will put on battle.
Chapter III
Result
This chapter presents the findings, analysis and interpretation of data acquired for the survey
on students time management strategies in time of Covid-19 pandemic.
Male 22 40.7%
Female 32 59.3%
Total 54 100%
The table one shows that female got the highest frequency of 32 with a percentage of 59.3%
while male got the frequency of 22 with a percentage of 40.7%. This indicates that most of the
respondents are female.
16 0 0%
17 29 53.7%
18 21 38.9%
19 4 7.4%
Total 54 100%
Table two shows that age of 17 got the highest frequency of 29 with a percentage of 53.7%.
This indicates that most of the respondents are 17 years old.
Table 3: The time management strategies the students adapted in this time of Covid-19
pandemic.
Items Frequency Percentage
Mean: 13.43
Table three shows that most of the students start their days with a clear mind which got a
frequency of 38 and a percentage of 70.4%. And with the frequency of each we got the mean of
13.43.
I often feel guilty about all the 8.73 Strongly Agree, Agree,
things that I’m not getting Disagree
done
I have a problem handling 5.02 Strongly Agree, Agree,
stress, tension or anxiety Disagree
It takes pressure on an 7.67 Strongly Agree, Agree,
approaching deadline to get Disagree
me started on a difficult or
complex project
Table 4, 5, and 6, shows that most of the students are strongly agree about all the questions
about time management, strategies and students perceived weaknesses in this time of pandemic.
16
A Survey of Studies Time Management
Chapter IV
Conclusion
Therefore, researchers concludes that most of the statements given affected all the respondents. It
shows that respondents rated it strongly agree, agree, disagree and strongly disagree.
Respondents rated the following survey by their own experience.
Recommendation
The researchers would like to recommend to the respondents that they should apply the strategies.
Are you a morning person or night owl Oftentimes, these types of questions can help your time
management strategies as you determine when you’re most productive during the day. Determine
your productive times. Starting your day with a clear focus and have a task list is the one of the
most effective strategies in time management. Do not multitask. If you take a moment to think
about this statistic, you’ll discover that you can accomplish twice as much in a workweek when
you only work on one thing at a time. It will avoid procastinating at the same time. We
recommend future studies for this research topic, to further explanation and discussion about the
time management strategies that encountered by the TVL students in distance learning not only
in Porac Model Community High School but also in different schools in the Philippines.
Likewise, the study suggests that the future researchers should utilize this study to have an in-
depth understanding about the real life time management strategies of the TVL students in
distance learning.
Appendices
Appendix A
Dear Ma’am:
Greetings of love and goodwill!
We, the undersigned researchers are currently conducting a research study entitled: “ A survey
on students time management strategies on their studies in this time of covid 19 pandemic”
in partial completion of the course Practical Research 2.
In this regard, we are asking for permission from your good office to allow us to conduct a pilot
testing inside the school.
We are looking forward for your favourable response upon our request.
Thank you and Godbless.
Respectfully yours,
Dela Cruz, Kyla Ann O.
Castillo, Kristine Cassandra P.
Enriquez, Maria Ruhamah R.
Gopez, Joharra M.
Tolentino, Danica C
Appendix B
Dear Sir/Madam:
The undersigned researchers are currently conducting a study entitled "A survey on students
time management strategies on their studies in this time of covid 19 pandemic" in partial
completion of the course Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research).
We have been granted permission by our school principal to conduct the said study among the
Senior High School students hence, we would like to seek your kind consideration by allowing
us to do a pilot testing among you students.
Respectfully yours,
Appendix C
Dear Respondents:
Greetings!
We, the undersigned researchers are currently conducting a research study entitled “A survey on
students time management strategies on their studies in this time of covid 19 pandemic” in
partial completion of the course Practical Research 2.
In connection with this, may we request for your kind participation for the pilot testing by
sparing us some of your time in answering the test questionnaire related with our study. You can
withdraw your consent anytime you want.
Your sincere answers will be highly appreciated and will be treated with confidentiality.
Thank you and God bless.
Respectfully yours,
Appendix D
Dear Ma’am:
Greetings!
The undersigned researchers are currently conducting a study entitled “A survey on students
time management strategies on their studies in this time of covid 19 pandemic ” in partial
completion of the course Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research). The study aims to figure
out on how they manage their studies even in distance learning
In connection, may we request your permission allowing us to conduct the said study in our
school among selected senior high school students.
Respectfully yours,
Appendix E
Dear Sir/Madam:
The undersigned researchers are currently conducting a study entitled "A survey on students
time management strategies on their studies in this time of covid 19 pandemic" in partial
completion of the course Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research).
We have been granted permission by our school principal to conduct the said study among the
Senior High School students hence, we would like to seek your kind consideration by allowing
us to do a 15 minutes survey among you students.
Respectfully yours,
Appendix F
Dear Respondent
The undersigned researchers are currently conducting a study entitled “A survey on students
time management strategies on their studies in this time of covid 19 pandemic” in partial
completion of the course Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research). The study aims to figure
out on how they manage their studies even in distance learning
In connection, may we request your participation in this study by consenting to answer the
survey questionnaire here to attached. Rest assured that your responses will be treated with
confidentiality and will only be used for the purpose here in mention.
Respectfully yours,
Appendix G
INFORMED CONSENT
I, hereby freely and voluntarily gives my consent in participating in the study entitled "A
survey on students time management strategies on their studies in this time of covid 19
pandemic” in partial completion of the course Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research).
I understand that the responses given will be treated with confidentiality and will only be
used for the purpose mentioned in the study.
Date
Appendix H
Dear Madam:
The undersigned researchers are currently conducting a study entitled “A survey on students
time management strategies on their studies in this time of covid 19 pandemic” as a partial
fulfillment for the course in Practical Research II (Quantitative Research.)
In line with this, the researchers are asking for some help to validate the research instrument.
Your expertise will be of great help in the success of the study. Thank you so much.
Respectfully yours,
Appendix L
Survey Questionnaire
Direction: Please fill out the following questions by checking and answering them below
Name:
Age:
Sex:
What time management strategies did you adapted in this time of covid 19 pandemic
Time management
Strategies
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly Never
Agree Disagree
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