System

System Reliability
Reliability
Traditional 1+1 Protection
System Reliability is always a critical
concern for backhaul network. And there
The basic radio protection
are three key elements to microwave
scheme is the 1+1. Most radio units offer
network availability. These are: Equipment
this option at the radio level. 1+1 in the radio
Reliability, Protection and Path Reliability.
world translates into radio redundancy: Two
Equipment Reliability - The equipment identical radio units, creating a single radio
reliability of most microwave radios is now link with a single leased spectrum. The
quite high, typically 50 to 100 years reason for that is in addition to the net time it
between failures. takes to repair or replace the faulty unit, one
needs to take into account travel time to the
This refers to the ability of a microwave site with the correct spare parts and the time
equipment to perform its intended function it takes a qualified technician to climb and
without failures or disruptions over a certain perform the replacement at height.
period of time. So sa MW tranmission,
yung reliability ay isa sa pinakacritical
factor kasi any downtime or interuptions
can result to failures, data loss and service
disruptions.
Hot Standby
Equipment reliability is influenced by the Protection
following:

1. Component Quality
2. Redundancy https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/delivering-network-reliability-microwave-system-gain-greg-friesen/
3. Maintaining and Monitoring
4. Environmental Considerations Path Availability – The major contributor to
5. Power Supply link availability is path availability. Link
6. Quality Assurance availability is primarily effected by rain,
which is well characterized for all areas of
the world. Higher rain means will require
Protection - Protection can be provided in a
extra rain fade margin, to compensate for
few forms for microwave links. The first form
expected loss due to rain. The link
is basic 1+1 equipment redundancy, which
availability is determined based on link
will protect against a radio failure in a link.
length, microwave system gain for the
This can be used to deliver very high
operating mode, antenna gain and the rain
availabilities, or to improve availabilities in
rate. The link length for a desired path is
the case of high mean time to repair. The
something that usually is fixed, as when a
second form of microwave protection is ring
site requires connectivity, there is only one
or mesh protection. This provides hardening
potential site to connect it to. In addition, rain
against equipment failures, as well as
rate can be altered, as that is determined by
against any path fade from rain. However, it
the location of the path. So, typically, the
is often difficult to deploy ring and mesh
only way an operator can improve link length
protection, as the capacity has to be shared
has been by increasing the antenna size. In
across all of the links, and often the
many cases, however, there are tower
connectivity is not availability to provide the
restrictions due to windloading, so the
connectivity required for a ring or mesh.
operator may not be able to install the
desired antenna Size, and as a result may
have to live with lower link availability, and
as a consequence have poor network
reliability.-
 Protection Switching
Protection Switching
Unprotected
From the reporting we have two types of Protection
Switching. These are:

1. Hot Standby Protection

2. Diversity Protection
Hot Standby
Let's take a look with the most common configuration
setup of an "unprotected microwave links"

Microwave links where there

is no diversity or protection
are classified as Unprotected
and also as 1+0. There is one
set of equipment installed,
and no diversity or backup

Hot Standby” is common and Space Diversity

typically has a pair of ODUs
(one active, one standby)
connected via a Microwave
Coupler to the antenna. There
is typically a 3dB or 6dB loss
in the coupler which splits the
power either equally or Frequency Diversity
unequally between the main
and standby path.

ODU 1 ODU 2
Diversity Protection

A single backup channel is made available to as many as 11

working channels. The system offers 100% protection only to
the first working channel that fails. If two radio channels fail at

Diversity
the same time, a service interruption will occur.

Diversity
Frequency 1
Frequency Diversity Frequency 2
The transmitter uses two different frequencies and the Microwave
Transmitter
receiver is tuned in either of the two frequencies

Frequency 1
Space Diversity
The transmitter uses two transmit antennas, spaced ina Frequency 2
specific distance with each other, which transmit the Microwave
Transmitter
same frequency and the receiver is tuned in this particular
frequency

Polarization Diversity
Horizontally Polarized
The transmitter transmit the signal into two different Vertically Polarized
polarizations and the receiver is tuned in either of the two Microwave
polarization Transmitter

Receiver Diversity
The transmitter transmit a particular frequency and the
receiver uses two receive antennas both tuned in that
frequency
Frequency 1

Frequency 2
Microwave
Transmitter