Introduction to the

Internet
What is the Internet?
The Internet is a global network of billions of computers and other electronic
devices. With the Internet, it's possible to access almost any information,
communicate with anyone else in the world, and do much more.
History of Internet
ARPANET was the network that became the basis for the Internet. Based on a
concept first published in 1967, ARPANET was developed under the direction of
the U.S. Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).
In 1969, the idea became a modest reality with the interconnection of four
university computers. The initial Purpose was to communicate with and share
computer resources among mainly scientific users at the connected institutions.
Internet Services
• E-Mail
• Instant Messaging
• WWW
• VoIP
• Message Boards
• FTP
What is e-mail?
▪ Email (electronic mail) is a way to send and receive messages across
the Internet.
▪ One of the original services on the Internet
Traditional Mail vs Email
Email advantages
•Productivity tools: Email is usually packaged with a calendar, address book,
instant messaging, and more for convenience and productivity.
•Access to web services: If you want to sign up for an account like Facebook or
order products from services like Amazon, you will need an email address so you
can be safely identified and contacted.
•Easy mail management: Email service providers have tools that allow you to file,
label, prioritize, find, group, and filter your emails for easy management. You can
even easily control spam, or junk email.
Email advantages
•Communication with multiple people: You can send an email to multiple people
at once, giving you the option to include as few as or as many people as you
want in a conversation.
•Accessible anywhere at any time: You don’t have to be at home to get your
mail. You can access it from any computer or mobile device that has an Internet
connection.
What is an e-mail address?
Unique name that consists of a user name and email provider or domain name
that identifies the user.
Email addresses are always written in a standard format that includes a user
name, the @ (at) symbol, and the email provider's domain.

Email Provider Domain name

[email protected] [email protected]

User name User name

Free Webmail providers
Chat and Instant messaging (IM)
Chat and instant messaging (IM) are short messages sent and read in real
time, allowing you to converse more quickly and easily than email.
Chat and IM are generally used when both (or all) people are online, so your
message can be read immediately. By comparison, an email message won't
be seen until the recipient checks his email, meaning that chat and IM are
better for quick messages and conversations.
Chat vs. IM
The terms chat and IM are sometimes used interchangeably. However, they can have slightly
different meanings:
•Chat often occurs in a virtual chat room, which can include many different people who may or
may not know each other. Many chat rooms focus on a particular topic or interest.
•IM usually includes a list of your contacts, called a Buddy List or Friend List, which allows you to
see who is online. IM is especially suited for one-on-one communication, but it's possible to
send messages to multiple people at once. IM is technically a kind of chat, and some IM services
use the term "chat" instead.
Advantages
•It's instant; you don't need to wait for the other person to check his email.
•It's great for quick messages, questions, or notifications.
•Compared to email, it's easier to carry on a conversation (or even multiple conversations).
•You can stay logged in while doing other things on your computer, which makes it easy to multi-
task.
Disadvantages
•If someone is not online, you may have to contact him another way.
•It's not as convenient as email for lengthy or complicated messages.
•It's not always instantaneous: If your friends are busy or away from the computer, it may take a
while for them to respond.
•Since people may type quickly or use abbreviations, messages could be difficult to understand.
Also, as with email, it's possible to misinterpret someone's tone.
VoIP (Voice over IP)
VoIP (pronounced "voyp"), which stands for Voice over Internet Protocol. VoIP
can be used to describe any kind of online phone service.
Hardware and software requirements
In order to make phone calls from your computer, you'll need
a microphone and speakers, or better yet, a headset with a microphone. If your
computer has a built-in microphone and speakers, you may be able to use those
instead.
There are also adapters that will let you connect a regular phone to your
computer or your router.
Some of the most popular VoIP tools
are listed below:
1.SolarWinds VoIP & Network Quality 8.Jitsi
Manager
9.MicroSIP
2.CloudTalk
10.TeamSpeak
3.3CX Windows VoIP Phone
11.Twinkle
4.ZoiPer
12.Viber
5.8*8
6.Skype
7.Ekiga
https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/voip-software/#1_SolarWinds_VoIP_Network_Quality_Manager
Pros and cons of online phone services
Pros:
• Some services are free or very inexpensive.
• Unlike chat or email, you can actually talk to someone.
• You can use it as a replacement for your landline, or just to save minutes on
your mobile phone.
• It's possible to set up a conference call (or group chat) with multiple people.
Pros and cons of online phone services
Cons:
• Compared to IM or chat, it's more difficult to carry on several conversations at once.
• Unlike a traditional phone, it won't work if the power goes out.
• Some features, like the ability to call phones, may cost extra.
• You may need to purchase a microphone, speakers, or headset if you don't already own these.
• On slower Internet connections, it may not work at all or could be unreliable.
• Most online phone services cannot be used to make emergency calls.
The Benefits of VoIP Technology
What are newsgroups and message
boards?
Newsgroup
Sometimes abbreviated as NG
A newsgroup is a location where individuals can discuss a particular topic by
posting messages on a news server. In many ways, a newsgroup is similar to a
forum, where users can submit posts and read posts from other users.
An example of a newsgroup is a "computer help" group where individuals assist
others with computer problems. Another example is COLA, where Linux
information is announced.
Message board
A message board is an online discussion area in which users with similar
interests discuss topics. These conversations or discussions are available in
the form of posted messages.
Top 5 Chats and Forums Websites In
The World
▪ Reddit - What’s it about? discussion forum, for comedy, lifestyle, business etc.
▪ Quora
▪ Stack Overflow
▪ XDA-Developers
▪ GamesSpot

https://www.onrec.com/news/news-archive/top-5-chats-and-forums-websites-in-the-world
What is FTP?
File transfer protocol (FTP) is a set of rules that computers follow for the
transferring of files from one system to another over the internet. It may be used
by a business to transfer files from one computer system to another, or websites
may use FTP to upload or download files from a website's server.
Many file transfer protocol (FTP) clients are available for free to download,
although most websites (and web browsers) that offer downloads already have
the FTP built-in, so downloading a separate piece of software isn't always
required.
The World Wide Web
The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic
documents (Web pages)
A Web site is a collection of related Web pages and associated items
A Web server is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer
Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means for users to share, modify,
provide information
Web Page
▪ Web page is an electronic document on the Web, which can contain text,
graphics, animation, audio, and video and often has built-in connections to
other documents, graphics, Web pages, or Web sites
▪ Some Web pages are static (fixed); others are dynamic (changing).
▪ Visitors to a static Web page all see the same content. With a dynamic Web
page, by contrast, visitors can customize some or all of the viewed content such
as desired stock quotes, weather for a region, or ticket availability for flights.
Web Browser
A Web browser, or browser, allows users to access Web pages and Web 2.0
programs
Most current browsers support tabbed browsing.
Example of Web Browser
Web Address
• A Web page has a unique address called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) or
Web address
• For example, the home page for the Isabela State University Web site has
https://isu.edu.ph/ as its Web address. A Web browser retrieves a Web page
using its Web address.
• A Web address consists of a protocol, host name, domain name, path and web
page name or file name. Web page addresses begin with http:// or https://.
Elements of URL
Elements of URL
http://
• The http, which stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, is a set of rules that defines how pages transfer on the Internet.
https://
• Protocol for secured web pages
Other types of protocol
• ftp://
– FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that permits file
uploading and downloading with other computers on the Internet.
• SMTP (simple mail transfer protocol) used by mail server
– is a communications protocol used by some outgoing mail servers.
• POP 3(Post Office Protocol ) used by mail clients
– is a communications protocol used by some incoming mail servers.
Domain Extensions
What Is a Domain Extension?

Domain name extensions are the last part of a domain name. For example, in
‘hostgator.com,’ the domain name extension is .com.
Types of Domain Name Extension
1. Generic Domain Extensions
These are the most common form of domain extension. For a while you could
only choose between .com, .org, and .net. But, in recent years the number of
generic top-level domains has exploded. Now you’ll find a lot of unique top-level
domain names to choose from like .beer, .blog, and more.
2. Sponsored Domain Extensions
This style of domain extension is restricted to certain types of organizations and
groups. To register this style of TLD you’ll need to satisfy certain requirements
and there are restrictions on who can register these domains. Common
examples of this are the .aero, .gov, and .edu domain extensions.
Types of Domain Name Extension
3. Generic-Restricted Domain Extensions
This type of domain extension is similar to a generic top-level domain, but they are
intended for more specific types of websites. When you register this domain
extension you’ll typically need to provide a bit more information about your website
and it’s intended purpose. Some examples of this TLD include .name and .pro.
4. Country Code Domain Extensions
Lastly we have country-code domain extensions. Each country has its own TLD that
helps to identify that site as being from a specific country. Common extensions include
.co, .uk, and .us. However, these extensions are more flexible and can be used for more
than just identifying locations. For example, the domain extension .co is the TLD for
Colombia, but it’s also used by businesses and startups the world over.
Example of Domain Name Extensions
1. .com - This is by far the most popular and commonly used TLD. It was initially
created for commercial organizations, but there are no restrictions on who
can utilize this extension.
2. .gov - The domain name gov is a sponsored top-level domain in the Domain
Name System of the Internet. The name is derived from the word
government, indicating its restricted use by government entities. (e.g.
www.ched.gov.ph)
3. .edu - The domain name edu is a sponsored top-level domain in the Domain
Name System of the Internet. The domain was implemented in 1985 for the
purpose of creating a domain name hierarchy for organizations with a focus
on education, even for non-U.S.-affiliated entities. (e.g. isu.edu.ph)
Example of Domain Name Extensions
4. .net – This extension is shorthand for the word network and was initially created for
companies dealing with networking technologies and internet infrastructure. Today there are
no restrictions on who can utilize this domain extension and it’s typically the number one
choice after .com. (e.g. www.inquirer.net)
5. .org – This extension was first created to be used by nonprofits. However, this is no longer
enforced and is a common TLD for education-based websites, schools, and more. (e.g.
philippines.un.org)
6. .mil - The domain name mil is the sponsored top-level domain in the Domain Name System
of the Internet for the United States Department of Defense and its subsidiary or affiliated
organizations. The name is derived from military. It was one of the first top-level domains,
created in January 1985. (e.g. www.army.mil.ph)
Search Engine
It is designed to search for information on the Word Wide Web.
The search results are generally presented in a line of results often referred to as
search engine results pages (SERPs).
The information may be a specialist in web pages, images, information and other
types of files.
Google
Is the most popular search engine in the world, and a multinational, publicly-
traded organization built around the company’s hugely popular search engine.
User can search for an information by writing what he is looking for in the search
text box.
Google can view the searched information as a web pages, pictures and there is
a part for Maps, YouTube, and news.
Google have it’s own E-Mail Application called “Gmail”