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Inspection Department

Rotor unbalance occurs when the mass centerline and geometric centerline of a rotating shaft are not aligned, causing vibration. Balancing aims to redistribute mass so these lines align by adding weights. There are three types of unbalance: static from a single heavy spot; couple from two opposite spots; and dynamic combining static and couple effects. Balancing procedures involve measuring initial vibration, adding trial weights, measuring response, and calculating correction weights to minimize vibration from centrifugal force on the bearings.

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22 views6 pages

Inspection Department

Rotor unbalance occurs when the mass centerline and geometric centerline of a rotating shaft are not aligned, causing vibration. Balancing aims to redistribute mass so these lines align by adding weights. There are three types of unbalance: static from a single heavy spot; couple from two opposite spots; and dynamic combining static and couple effects. Balancing procedures involve measuring initial vibration, adding trial weights, measuring response, and calculating correction weights to minimize vibration from centrifugal force on the bearings.

Uploaded by

Nawafo Alsnani
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Inspection Department

(Rotor Balancing)
Introduction:

Rotor unbalance can be defined as a condition where a shaft geometric centerline


and mass centerline are not synchronized, as result of an uneven distribution of
mass which causes the rotor to vibrate. This happens due to the heavy spot on
the rotor which produce a centrifugal force on the bearings when it rotates.

Principle of Balancing:
Is the process to improve the mass distribution of a rotor, So the balancing
technician attempts to bring the center of mass and the geometric center to the
same point or close enough, And this can be done by adding a weight to the rotor
which will generate the same force in the opposite direction.

 The centrifugal force (F) is equal to the unbalance mass (m) times its radius
(r) from the geometric center times the rotational speed () squared.
f =mr ω2

 The “center of geometry” is the line through the shaft and bearings.
 The “center of mass” is the point about which the mass is evenly
distributed.
Causes of unbalance:
 Damage components
 Manufacturing defects
 Unproper installed
 Accumulation material on fan blades

All these causes and more can have negative effects on both the
rotating equipment and the surrounding environment due to the
centrifugal force of the unbalanced mass which can damage the
bearings, shaft, seals, and other comports.

There are three common types of unbalance are:

 Static unbalance occurs when mass being concentrated along one


side of the rotor creating a single heavy spot.
 Couple unbalance when there are two heavy spot on the opposite
ends of the rotor
 Dynamic unbalance is combining the effect of both static and couple.
Diagnosing mass unbalance:

To identify mass unbalance, normally vibration will generate an increase in overall


system vibration at the rotational speed 1x. also phase is a very important tool
when diagnosing unbalance because 1x can be generated by several other
problems, so before doing balancing a frequency analysis should be carried out to
see whether it is unbalance that is causing the vibration or some other fault. The
vibration due to unbalanced is measured be an accelerometer mounted on the
bearing housing.
Assessing the severity of unbalance:
Several standers ISO and API are couple of examples and ISO 10816 is commonly
used here in OMIFCO, the severity depend on the machine type but in general
alarm values range between 3 and 8 mm/s. unbalance is measured in units of
gram/millimeter.

Performing balancing:
There are two balancing method single plane balancing and two plane balancing,
The appropriate balancing procedure is determined the ratio of rotor length to
diameter and the rotational speed.
You could perform a single plane balancing under the following condition:
 Ratio of L / D < 0.5 and the speed less than 1000 RPM
 Ratio of L / D 0.5 < 2 and the speed less than 150 RPM
 Ratio of L / D > 2 and the speed less than 100 RPM
Length
Diameter

Type of balancing:
Balancing of rotating equipment can be done in two ways

 The first in the workshop using hard bearing balancing machine (Schenck)
 The second is Insite Balancing is the process of balancing a rotor
in its own bearings and supporting structure, using data analyzer
such as

General Balancing Procedure:

1. Make a refence run


2. Add a trial weight (a proper trial weight selection is important
because a light weight will not provide any response for
calculating correction weights)
0.004∗weight rotor
trial weight calculation=
radis
3. Make trial run
4. Add correction weight

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