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7 2 Backup Database

The document provides instructions for backing up an Oracle database using RMAN in different modes including NOARCHIVELOG mode, with or without a catalog database, specifying different device types, and making incremental backups. Key steps include starting the database listener and instance, controlling the archivelog mode, performing backups with RMAN including archived redo logs, datafiles and tablespaces. Compressed, incremental and image copy backups are also demonstrated.

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Stephen Efange
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20 views

7 2 Backup Database

The document provides instructions for backing up an Oracle database using RMAN in different modes including NOARCHIVELOG mode, with or without a catalog database, specifying different device types, and making incremental backups. Key steps include starting the database listener and instance, controlling the archivelog mode, performing backups with RMAN including archived redo logs, datafiles and tablespaces. Compressed, incremental and image copy backups are also demonstrated.

Uploaded by

Stephen Efange
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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############################################

--if it is not running already then start listener


$ lsnrctl start

--if it is not started already, startup database


$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> startup
############################################

--Backing Up a Database in NOARCHIVELOG Mode

--Control archivelog mod


$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> archive log list

SQL> select log_mode from v$database;

--close archivelog mode


SQL> shutdown immediate;

SQL> startup mount;

SQL> alter database flashback off;

SQL> col name format a30


SQL> select name, guarantee_flashback_database, pdb_restore_point,
clean_pdb_restore_point, pdb_incarnation#, storage_size from v$restore_point;

SQL> drop restore point grp_cdb;

SQL> alter database noarchivelog;

SQL> alter database open;

SQL> archive log list

SQL> select log_mode from v$database;

--start backup with RMAN


$ rman target /

RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE


TAG 'BACKUP_NOARCHIVELOG';

--shut down database before backing up


SQL> shutdown immediate;

SQL> startup mount;

--start backup with RMAN


$ rman target /

RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE


TAG 'BACKUP_NOARCHIVELOG';

--open the database.


RMAN> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

--open archivelog mode


$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

--change log_mode to archive log back


SQL> shutdown immediate;

SQL> startup mount;

SQL> alter database archivelog;

SQL> alter database flashback on;

SQL> alter database open;

SQL> archive log list

SQL> select log_mode,flashback_on from v$database;

#######################
--back up without catalog database
$ rman target /

RMAN> SHOW ALL;

--backup whole database


RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE;
RMAN> BACKUP ARCHIVELOG ALL;
--or
RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
#######################

--backup with catalog database


--connect on primary server
$ rman target sys/oracle@primary catalog rcatown/rcatown@rcatpdb

RMAN> SHOW ALL;

--connect on rmancat server


$ rman target sys/oracle@primary catalog rcatown/rcatown@rcatpdb

RMAN> SHOW ALL;

RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;

--Specifying the Device Type for an RMAN Backup


RMAN> SHOW DEVICE TYPE;

RMAN> BACKUP
DEVICE TYPE DISK
DATABASE;

####OPTION######
--if you have tape unite in your system you can arrange sbt as device type
RMAN> BACKUP
DEVICE TYPE SBT
DATABASE;

--to configure tape as default device type


RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE SBT PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
################

--Backing Up Archived Redo Logs with RMAN options


--with sequence range
SQL> select sequence# from v$archived_log;

RMAN> BACKUP ARCHIVELOG


FROM SEQUENCE 1
UNTIL SEQUENCE 3;

--with time range


RMAN> BACKUP ARCHIVELOG
FROM TIME 'SYSDATE-30'
UNTIL TIME 'SYSDATE-7';

--To back up archived redo logs that need backup


RMAN> BACKUP ARCHIVELOG ALL NOT BACKED UP 2 TIMES;

--delete archive logs after backup


$ cd /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/ORCL/archivelog

$ ls -ltr

RMAN> BACKUP ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT;

RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG DELETE INPUT;

--backup of root container


RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE ROOT TAG 'ROOT_DB_BACKUP';

--backup of pluggable database


RMAN> BACKUP PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 TAG 'PDB1_BACKUP';

--To back up one PDB while connected to the PDB


$ rman target sys/oracle@pdb1 catalog rcatown/rcatown@rcatpdb

$ rman target sys/oracle@pdb1

RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE;

--backup of tablespace
--when connected to pdb1
RMAN> BACKUP TABLESPACE tbs_data;

--when connected to cdb or catalog


RMAN> BACKUP TABLESPACE pdb1:tbs_data;

--backup of datafile
SQL> sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> col name format a30


SQL> select df.file#,df.name
from v$datafile df, v$tablespace ts
where df.ts#=ts.ts# and ts.name='TBS_DATA';

RMAN> BACKUP DATAFILE 19;

--Making Image Copies


RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY
DEVICE TYPE DISK
DATABASE
TAG full_cold_copy;

--Making Backup Sets


RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET
DATAFILE 20
TAG backup_df20;

--Backing up an existing backup copy


RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY
COPY OF DATABASE
FROM TAG full_cold_copy
TAG new_full_cold_copy;

--Specifying a Format for RMAN Backups


--create a directory for backups
$ mkdir /home/oracle/backups

--specifies a location on the file system


RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE
FORMAT "/home/oracle/backups/backup_%U";

--check the new directory


$ cd backups
$ ls -ltr

##########################
--To back up a database to multiple disk drives
--Allocate one DISK channel for each disk drive and specify a format so that the
file names are on different disks.
RMAN> RUN
{
ALLOCATE CHANNEL disk1 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/disk1/%d_backups/%U';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL disk2 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/disk2/%d_backups/%U';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL disk3 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/disk3/%d_backups/%U';
BACKUP AS COPY DATABASE;
}

--You can configure multiple disk channels so that backups will be distributed to
multiple disk drives by default
RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 3;
RMAN> CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK;
RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/disk1/%d_backups/%U';
RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/disk2/%d_backups/%U';
RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL 3 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/disk3/%d_backups/%U';
RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY DATABASE;
##########################
--Making Compressed Backups
RMAN> BACKUP
AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET
DATABASE
FORMAT "/home/oracle/backups/backupcmprs_%U";

$ du -h backup*

--Backing Up Control Files with RMAN

--manual backup of the control file


RMAN> SHOW CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP;

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF;

RMAN> BACKUP CURRENT CONTROLFILE;

RMAN> BACKUP DEVICE TYPE DISK


TABLESPACE pdb1:tbs_indx
INCLUDE CURRENT CONTROLFILE;

--Backing Up a Control File Copy


RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY
CURRENT CONTROLFILE
FORMAT '/home/oracle/backups/control01.ctl';

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

--backing up server parameter files with RMAN


RMAN> BACKUP SPFILE;

RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY


SPFILE
FORMAT '/home/oracle/backups/spfile01.pfile';

--To make an incremental backup:


RMAN> BACKUP
INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0
DATABASE
TAG 'INCREMENTAL_FULL';

--To make a differential incremental backup. It only backs up those data blocks
changed since the most recent level 1 or level 0 backup.
RMAN> BACKUP
INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1
DATABASE
TAG 'INCREMENTAL_DIFFERENTIAL';

--To make a cumulative incremental backup, backing up all blocks changed since the
most recent level 0 backup.
RMAN> BACKUP
INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 CUMULATIVE
DATABASE;
TAG 'INCREMENTAL_CUMULATIVE';
--Basic Incremental Update Script
RMAN> RUN
{
RECOVER COPY OF DATABASE
WITH TAG 'full_copy';
BACKUP
INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1
FOR RECOVER OF COPY WITH TAG 'full_copy'
DATABASE;
}

--To enable block change tracking:

--Ensure that the DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST initialization parameter is set.


$ sqlplus / as sysdba

--check whether DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST initialization parameter is set


SQL> show parameter DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST

--If the parameter is not set, set the parameter


SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET
DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/'
SCOPE=BOTH SID='*';

--Enable block change tracking


SQL> ALTER DATABASE ENABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING;

--To determine whether change tracking is enabled:


SQL> COL STATUS FORMAT A8
COL FILENAME FORMAT A65

SQL> SELECT STATUS, FILENAME FROM V$BLOCK_CHANGE_TRACKING;

--To disable block change tracking


$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> ALTER DATABASE DISABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING;

--To determine whether change tracking is enabled:


SQL> COL STATUS FORMAT A8
COL FILENAME FORMAT A65

SQL> SELECT STATUS, FILENAME FROM V$BLOCK_CHANGE_TRACKING;

--You can also create the change tracking file in a location that you choose
yourself
ALTER DATABASE ENABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING
USING FILE '/home/oracle/backups/rman_change_track.f' REUSE;

$ cd /home/oracle/backups
$ ls -ltr

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