SKUAST-KASHMIR

BAND-EXCELLENT
UNDER ATAL
BE ST STATE AGRICULTURAL
INNOVATION
UNIVE RSITYI NINDIA
RA NKING

MANAGEMENT GUIDE
FOR APPLE ORCHARDS
IN KASHMIR
(2023)

SHER-E-KASHMIR
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
& TECHNOLOGY OF KASHMIR
Main Campus, Shalimar-190025, Srinagar
 Prepared & Compiled by
Directorate of Research

Printed & Published by

Directorate of Extension

Issued through
Directorate of Horticulture, Kashmir
 Index

Management guide for Apple orchards under 1-6

normal weather conditions of Kashmir (2023)

Important instructions 7

Do’s and Don’ts of Pesticide Application 7

Pesticide Formulations Evaluated and 8-9

Recommended

Oils/Insecticide/Acaricides Evaluated and 10

Recommended

Different Phenological stages 11

 Management guide for Apple orchards under normal weather
conditions* of Kashmir (2023)
Phenological Insecticide/ Acaricide/ Oil Fungicide
Spray Cultural / Management practices
stage per 100 litres of water per 100 litres of water
• Ensure that proper training
and pruning Horticulture Mineral Oil (2 litres)
Delayed • Ensure orchard sanitation
X
I dormancy • Ensure proper drainage in Do not spray HMO beyond green
orchards tip stage
• Staking of fruit plants
• Apply recommended dose of Mancozeb 75 WP (300 g) or
well decomposed FYM and Captan 50 WP (300 g) or
fertilizers (1/3rd dose of Urea, Propineb 70 WP (300g) or
full dose of DAP and ½ dose Zineb 75 WP (300 g) or
Green tip
II of MOP) as per age of tree Metiram 70 WG (300g)
• Staking of new plants X
• Ensure proper drainage
• Foliar application of Boron Need based for Insects: 10-14 days after II spray
(1-1.5g / litre) (a) If HMO spray is missed apply Metiram 55% + Pyraclostrobin 5%
• Introduce 3-4 bee hives per Dimethoate 30 EC (100 ml) 60 WG (100 g) or
III hectare for effective (b) For Blossom Thrips: Zineb 68% + Hexaconazole 4%
Pink bud
pollination at 5-10 per cent When 2 or more thrips per 72 WP(100 g) or
bloom flower are observed spray Dodine 65 WP (60 g) or
• Irrigate orchards if Thiacloprid 21.7 SC (40 ml) Dodine 40 SC (90 ml) or
necessary
• Mowing of orchard floor Tebuconazole (6.7%) + Captan
(26.9%) 33.6 SC (250 ml)

* For location specific decisions and under abnormal weather conditions, contact concerned Horticulture Development Officers/KVK
scientists/Directorate of Extension / Scientists of Division of Pathology and Entomology, SKUAST-Kashmir for advice.
1
2

Phenological Insecticide/ Acaricide/ Oils Fungicide

Spray Cultural / Management practices
stage per 100 litres of water per 100 litres of water
Need Based Need based for Insects: When 60-70 per cent petal fall
• Foliar application of Boron Dimethoate 30 EC (100 ml) or occurs
(1-1.5g/litre) /Zinc Sulphate Quinalphos 25 EC (100 ml) or Difenoconazole 25 EC (30 ml) or
Neem oil (1500 ppm) @ 300 ml Flusilazole 40 EC (20 ml) or
(3-4 g/litre) to improve
followed by Trifloxystrobin 25% + Tebuconazole
IV Petal fall quality
Lecanicillium lecanii 1.0% WP 50% 75 WG (40 g ) or
(1x108CFU /gm) @ 500gm or Fluopyram 17.7 % + Tebuconazole
*Metarhizium anisopliae 1.0% WP
17.7 % 400 SC (50 ml)
(1x108CFU /gm) @ 500gm
after a gap of 4days
For areas affected with apple blotc
leaf miner:
Installation of yellow sticky traps @
1 trap 10 meters apart
Need based for Mites:
Apply acaricide when 4-5 mites per
leaf are observed
Hexythiazox 5.45 EC (40 ml) or
Spiromesifen 22.9 SC (40 ml) or
Fenazaquin 10 EC (40 ml) or
Cyenopyrafen 30 SC (30ml)
• Thinning of fruits in case of
heavy fruit set either
For Insects: 10-14 days after IV spray
manually or by use of
chemicals (NAA @ 5-10 ppm Chlorpyriphos 20 C (100 ml) or Zineb 68% + Hexaconazole 4%
at 10-12 mm fruit size) Dimethoate 30 EC (100 ml) or 72 WP(100 g) or
Fruit let • White washing of fruit tree Thiacloprid 21.7 SC (40ml)
V Dodine 65 WP (60 g) or
(Pea size) trunks (1Kg Lime +300g Need based for Mites:
Copper sulphate + 250g Glue Dodine 40 SC (90 ml) or
Apply acaricide when more than 5 Fluxapyroxad 250g/l + Pyraclostrobin
in 10 liters of water)
mites per leaf are observed
• Mulching of tree basins for 250g/l 500 SC ( 20 ml) or
Hexythiazox 5.45 EC (40 ml) or
weed/moisture management Tebuconazole (6.7%) + Captan (26.9%)
Spiromesifen 22.9 SC (40 ml)
• Irrigate orchards as per 33.6 SC (250 ml)
requirement .
 Phenological Insecticide/ Acaricide/ Oils Fungicide
Spray Cultural / Management practices
stage per 100 litres of water per 100 litres of water
• Application of second dose of Need based for Insects: 12-15 days after V spray
fertilizers (1/3rd of Urea and Mancozeb 75 WP (300 g) or
remaining ½ dose of MOP) as Chlorpyriphos 20 EC (100 ml) or
per age of tree. Quinalphos 25 EC (100 ml) or Captan 50 WP (300 g) or
Fruit Neem oil (1500 ppm) @ 300 ml
VI • Foliar spray of calcium Propineb 70 WP (300 g) or
Development-I followed by
chloride(4 g/litre) Zineb 75 WP (300 g) or
• Irrigate orchards as per
Lecanicillium lecanii 1.0% WP Ziram 80 WP (200 g) or
requirement
(1x108CFU /gm)@ 500gm Metiram 70 WG (300g)
• De-weeding and mowing in
orchards. Need based for Mites:
When population is more than 10
mites per leaf apply
Hexythiazox 5.45 EC (40 ml) or
Spiromesifen 22.9 SC (40 ml)

• Irrigate orchards as per For Insects: 12-15 days after VI spray

requirement Dimethoate 30 EC (100 ml) or Difenoconazole 25 EC (30 ml) or
Fruit
VII Chlorpyriphos 20 EC (100 ml) or Flusilazole 40 EC (20 ml) or
Development -II • De-weeding of orchards
• Staking of heavy fruit Quinalphos 25EC (100ml) or Trifloxystrobin 25% +
laden branches Thiocloprid 21.7 SC (40ml) Tebuconazole 50% 75 WG (40 g)or
Fluxapyroxad 250g/l +
For Mites:
Pyraclostrobin 250g/l 500 SC (20
ml)
Hexythiazox 5.45 EC (40 ml) or
Fenazaquin 10EC(40ml) or
Spiromesifen 22.9 SC (40 ml) or
Summer spray Oil (750 ml)
3
4

Phenological Insecticide/ Acaricide/ Oils Fungicide

Spray Cultural / Management practices
stage per 100 litres of water per 100 litres of water

• Apply remaining 1/3rd dose Need based for Insects:

of Urea Chlorpyriphos 20 EC (100ml) or 12-15 days after VII spray
• Second spray of calcium chloride
Dimethoate 30 EC (100 ml) or Mancozeb 75 WP (300 g) or
( 4 g/litre)
Quinalphos 25 EC (100ml) or Zineb 75 WP (300 g) or
• Leaf tissue testing for next
Thiocloprid 21.7 SC (40ml) or Ziram 80 WP (200 g) or
year fertilizer management Ziram 27 SC (600 ml) or
Need based: Neem oil (1500 ppm) @ 300 ml Chlorothalonil 75 WP (150 g)
Fruit followed by
• Ist Foliar spray of Potassium
VIII Development- Lecanicillium lecanii 1.0% WP
III sulphate (4-5 g/litre) for colour
development (1x108CFU /gm)@ 500gm or
• De-weeding around the tree *Metarhizium anisopliae 1.0% WP
basin (1x108CFU /gm)@ 500gm
• Irrigate orchards as per after a gap of 4days
requirement
Need based for Mites:
If population is > 10 mites/leaf
Fenazaquin 10 EC (40 ml) or
Spiromesifen 22.9 SC (40 ml) or
Cyenopyrafen 30 SC (30ml)
• De-weeding around the 12-18 days after VIII spray
Fruit tree basin a)For Alternaria leaf blotch & Scab
IX
Development- • Orchard sanitation Zineb 68% + Hexaconazole 4% 72
IV including collection of WP (100 g) or
fallen fruits Hexaconazole 5 EC (50 ml) or
• Irrigate orchards as per Myclobutanill 10 WP (70 g) or
requirement Metiram 55% + Pyraclostrobin 5% 60
• Harvesting of early WG (100 g)
X
maturing varieties b)For Marssonina leaf blotch / Sooty
blotch / Flyspeck
Mancozeb 75 WP (300 g) or
Ziram 27 SC (600 ml) or
Propineb 70 WP (300 g) or
Ziram 80 WP (200 g) or
Metiram 70WG (300g)
 Phenological Insecticide/ Acaricide/ Oils Fungicide
Spray Cultural / Management practices
stage per 100 litres of water per 100 litres of water
Need Based- Long Term Storage:
Need based sprays:
(20-25 days before harvest)
• Naphthalene acetic acid (10
ppm) for controlling pre
harvest fruit drop Mancozeb 75 WP (300g) or
• 2nd foliar spray of Potassium Captan 50 WP (300g) or
Pre-harvest
X sulphate for colour Ziram 80 WP (200g) or
X
development (4- 5 g/litre) Zineb 75 WP (300g) or
• Third Spray Calcium chloride ( Metiram 70 WG (300g)
4 g/

Follow maturity indices:

Starch index test (0-6.0 scale)
• 2.5 for CA Storage
• 3.5 for table purpose
• Ease of separation of the fruit X
XI Harvesting from spur X
• Skin Colour >75% Red (variety
specific)
• TSS : 12 to 14ºBrix
• Pressure: 16-18lb/square inch
• Seed colour :Brown-blackish

• Orchard sanitation Need based for Insects:

Chlorpyriphos 20 EC (100 ml)
XII Post- harvest • Soil testing for nutrient Need based for Mites:
management • If population is more than 20
• Foliar application of Boron mites/ leaf X
(1.0 g/lire)
• Staking/ tying of branches to • Fenzaquin 10 EC (40 ml)
prevent snow damage Essential Spray
• Tightening of trellis in HDP • In areas where blotch leaf miner
• Removal of shade/hail nets is a problem Quinalphos 25 EC
(100 ml)
5
6

Phenological Insecticide/ Acaricide/ Oils Fungicide

Spray Cultural / Management practices
stage per 100 litres of water per 100 litres of water
Canopy management: For areas affected with
• Training and pruning of apple blotch leaf miner:
orchards as per 1. Proper sanitation in the
recommendations
XIII Dormancy Orchard sanitation
vicinity of orchards
• Ensure orchard sanitation for 2. Procurement of disease and
effective disease and pest pest free planting material
management. from certified nurseries.
3. Collection of Fallen leaves/
fruits / other debris and
their immediate X
destruction.
4. Scrapping of loose bark for
exposing the pupa from tree
trunks followed by its
destruction.
For areas affected with apple
fruit borer:
1. Field sanitation
2. Collection and disposal of
infested fruit
3. Trunk banding during
October- November and
killing of overwintering
larvae during December
*Bio agent should not be sprayed in areas where sericulture is practiced by the farmers
**Give preference to Captan 50 WP in case rainy weather hampers green tip spray
**Spray 50 WP at least 10 days after oil spray.
Disclaimer: The molecules have been evaluated by SKUAST-K for bio-efficacy against apple diseases and pests, and the
advisory/ information has been compiled for guidance and not for legal purposes.
Caution: For location specific decisions and under abnormal weather conditions, contact concerned Horticulture Development
Officers/ KVK scientists/Directorate of Extension / Scientists of Division of Pathology and Entomology, SKUAST-Kashmir for
advice.
•
Important instructions:

i. Avoid mixing of fungicides, insecticides and spray suspensions.

ii. Maintain gap of 3-4 days between insecticide and fungicide spray.
iii.
Stickers should not be used with Dodine.
iv. In case of heavy rains within 12 hours of spray, the spray is to be repeated immediately (when
adjuvant /stickers are not used).
v. Before conducting the spray, inform the beekeepers in the vicinity of the orchard about spray-
ing time; bee colonies should be kept preferably away from spraying area.
vi. Same pesticide should not be repeated in two consecutive sprays.
vii. Avoid spraying during high temperatures/rainy weather. All sprays should be conducted
during early morning or evening hours to avoid phytotoxicity.
viii. No spray should be done during full bloom period.
ix. Spray of the insecticides/fungicides should be stopped 3-4 weeks before harvesting of fruit.
x. Keep 60 cm of soil around the tree trunks undisturbed.
xi. Close monitoring of pests and diseases is important for effective management.
xii. Apply fertilizers 1-2 feet away from tree trunk
xiii. In alkaline or acidic soils , phosphorous dose should not be increased by 20 per cent
Do’s and Don’ts of Pesticide Application
A) Do’s:
• Purchase pesticides only from registered dealer(s) having valid license.
• Check Batch No., Registration No., Manufacture /Expiry Date on the labels.
• Always purchase with proper bill or invoice.
• Storage place should be well protected from direct sunlight or rain.
• Read instructions on pesticide container label carefully before use.
• Always use clean water for making pesticide suspension as per requirement.
• Use protective clothing viz., hand gloves, face masks, aprons, etc. to cover whole body.
• Always protect your nose, eyes, ears, hands etc. from spill of spray suspension.
• Use recommended dose of pesticides.
• Select right kind of equipment for spraying.
• Spray pesticide during morning or evening hours.
• Agitate spray suspension continuously while spraying.

B) Don’ts:
• Don’t use muddy or stagnant water for preparing pesticide suspension.
• Don’t prepare or spray pesticides without wearing protective clothing.
• Avoid spilling of pesticide suspensions while filling or spraying.
• Don’t use over or sub lethal dose of pesticide.
• Don’t spray pesticides during full bloom period.
• Don’t spray during day time when temperature is high.
• Don’t mix various pesticides.
• Don’t eat, drink, chew or smoke during spraying or preparing pesticide suspension.
• Don’t transfer pesticide from original to other container.
• Don’t use leaky or defective equipment.
• Don’t blow / clean clogged nozzles with mouth.

7
 Annexure-I
Pesticide Formulations Evaluated and Recommended
(2023)

(A) Fungicide
S.No Fungicides Formulations Name of the Company
Captaf (50 WP) M/s Rallis India Ltd.
Deltan (50 WP) M/s Coromandel Agrico Pvt. Ltd.
Kohicap (50 WP) M/s FIL Industries Ltd.
Captax (50 WP) M/s India Pesticide Ltd.
1 Captan
Merimain (50 WP) M/s Adama India Pvt. Ltd
Captra (50 WP) M/s Indofil Industries Ltd.
Kri-Captan (50 WP) M/s Krishi Rasayan Exports Pvt. Ltd
Panther (50 WP) M/s HPM Chemicals & Fertilizers Ltd.
2 Chlorothalonil Tata Ishaan (75 WP) M/s Rallis India Ltd.
Score (25 EC) M/s Syngenta India Ltd.
Rubigan-D (25 EC) M/s FIL Industries Ltd.
3 Difenoconazole
Casper (25 EC) M/s Godrej Agrovet Ltd.
Karara (25 EC) M/s Agro Life Science Corporation
Wilcore (24% EC) M/s Willowood Crop Sciences Pvt. Ltd
Noor (65 WP) M/s Indofil Industries Ltd.
4 Dodine Dodino FIL (40 SC) M/s FIL Industries Ltd.
FIL Super Star (65 WP) M/s FIL Industries Ltd.
Cursor (40 EC) M/s Dhanuka Agritech Ltd.
5 Flusilazole
Governor (40 EC) M/s FIL Industries Ltd.
6. Flupyram 17.7% Luna M/s Bayer Crop Sciences Limited
+Tebuconazole
17.7%
Contaf (5 EC) M/s Rallis India Ltd.
Mainex (5 EC) M/s Adama India Pvt. Ltd.
Krizole (5 EC) M/s Krishi Rasayan Exports Pvt. Ltd.
7
Hexaconazole Sitara (5 EC) M/s Indofil Industries Ltd.
Hexahit 5 EC M/sHindustan Pulvarizing Mills
Titan (5 EC) M/s Sudarshan Chemical Ltd.
Envil (5 EC) M/s FIL Industries Ltd.
Indofil M-45 (75 WP) M/s Indofil Industries Ltd.
Dithane M-45 (75 WP) M/s Dow Agro Science Mumbai Ltd
Hindustan M-45 (75 WP) M/s Hindustan Pulverising Mills Ltd

8 Mancozeb Macoban (75 WP) M/s Adama India Pvt. Ltd.

Luzem – 45 (75 WP) M/s Cheminova India Ltd.
Kohinoor M-45 (75 WP) M/s FIL Industries Ltd.
Mount (75 WP) M/s Bharat Insecticides Ltd.
Tata - M45 M/s Rallis India Limited
8
S.No Fungicides Formulations Name of the Company
9 Metiram70% WG Polyram M/s BASF India Ltd.
Metiram 55% + Cabrio Top (60 WG) M/s BASF India Ltd.
10 Pyraclostrobin
5% Clutch (60 WG) M/s P.I Industries
Grapple (10 WP) M/s FIL Industries Ltd.
Boon (10 WP) M/s Indofil Industries Ltd.
Nagarjuna Index (10 WP) M/s NACL Ind. Ltd.
11 Myclobutanil Systhane (10 WP) M/s Dow Agro Science Mumbai Ltd.
Myclomain (10 WP) M/s Adama India Pvt. Ltd.
Insyst (10 WP) M/s Biostadt India Ltd.
Revolve (10 WP) M/s Bharat Insecticides Ltd.
Antracol (70 WP) M/s Bayer Crop Science Ltd.
Proximan (70WP) M/s Adama India Pvt. Ltd
Scale (70 WP) M/s Krishi Rasayan Exports Pvt. Ltd.
12 Propineb Filprostar (70WP) M/s FIL Industries Ltd.
Sway (70 WP) M/s Cheminova India Ltd.
Jannat (70 WP) M/s Jain Shree Rasayan Udoyog Ltd.
Sanipeb (70WP) M/s P.I Industries
Trifloxystrobin
25% +
13 Nativo (75 WG) M/s Bayer Crop Science Ltd.
Tebuconcazole
50%
Tebuconcazole Shamir M/s Adama India Pvt. Ltd.
14. 6.7% + Captan
(26.9%)
Cuman-L (27 W/V) M/s Syngenta India Ltd.
Zed-78 (80 WP) M/s FIL Industries Ltd.
15. Ziram IPL Ziram -80 (80WP) M/s India Pesticide Ltd.
Zirex-L (27 SC) M/s FIL Industries Ltd.
IPL Ziram -27 (27 SC) M/s India Pesticide Ltd.
Indofil Z-78 (75 WP) M/s Indofil Industries Ltd.
16. Zineb M/s UPL & Marketed by
Neutec (75WP)
M/s Swal Corporation Ltd.
Zineb 68% +
17. Hexaconazole4% Avtar (72WP) M/s Indofil Industries Ltd.
Fluxapyroxad
18. 250g/l +
Merivon (500 SC) M/s BASF India Limited
Pyraclostrobin
250g/l
9
 (B) Oils/Insecticides/Acaricides Evaluated and Recommended (2023)

A Oils Trade Name Name of Company

1. i. Horticulture MAK All season HMO M/s Bharat Petroleum Corp India Ltd
Mineral Oils for
Delayed Dormant HP Tree Spray Oil M/s Hindustan Petroleum Corp Ltd
Spray
Arbofine Extra M/s Total Oil India Ltd.
2. ii. Horticulture MAK All season HMO M/s Bharat Petroleum Corp India Ltd
Mineral Oils for
Summer Spray HP Tree Spray Oil M/s Hindustan Petroleum Corp Ltd
Arbofine Extra M/s Total Oil India Ltd.
B. Insecticides Trade Name Name of the Company
1. Chlorpyriphos Coroban (20 EC) M/s Coromandel Agrico Pvt. Ltd.
Kohiban (20 EC) M/s FIL Industries Ltd.
Dursban (20 EC) M/s Dow Agro Science Mumbai Ltd.
Tafaban (20 EC) M/s Rallis India Ltd.
2. Dimethoate Rogor (30 EC) Manufactured by Lupin & Marketed
by M/S Cheminova India Ltd
Tafgor (30 EC) M/s Rallis India Ltd.

3. Quinalphos Ekalux (25 EC) M/s Syngenta India Ltd.

4. Thiocloprid Alanto 240 SC (21.7%) M/s Bayer Crop Science Ltd.
C Acricides Formulations Company
1. Fenazaquin Majestic (10 EC) M/s FIL Industries Ltd.
2. Hexythiazox Maiden (5.45 EC) M/s Biostadt India Ltd
3. Spiromesifen Oberon 240 SC (22.9%) M/s Bayer Crop Science India
Ltd.
4. Cyenopyrafen NC-512 30 SC (Kunoichi) M/s Insecticides India Ltd.

WP: Wettable Powder; EC: Emulsifiable Concentrate; SC: Solution Concentrate; SL: Sprayable Liquid;
WG: Water Dispersible Granules.
Disclaimer:

• Use and sale of the products recommended in the schedule are subject to production of
registration and label claim from CIB & RC, Govt. of India to be ascertained by Plant
Pr ot ect i on officer / Directorate of Law Enforcement Department of Jammu & Kashmir.

10
 DIFFERENT PHENOLOGICAL STAGES

DELAYED DORMANCY GREEN TIP

PINK BUD PETAL FALL

FRUIT LET (PEA SIZE) FRUIT DEVELOPMENT -I

FRUIT DEVELOPMENT-II FRUIT DEVELOPMENT-IV

11
 CONTRIBUTORS

DIVISION OF PLANT PATHOLOGY AND ASSOCIATED UNITS

Dr. Mushtaq Ahmad Bhat (Associate Professor)
Dr. Zahoor Ahmad (Associate Professor)
Dr. Z. A. Badri (Associate Professor)

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ASSOCIATED UNITS

Dr. M. A. Parray(Prof. & Head)
Dr. Malik Mukhtar (Associate Professor)
Dr. Asma Sherwani (Assistant Professor)
Dr. Shaheena Gul (Professor)

DIVISION OF FRUIT SCIENCE AND ASSOCIATED UNITS

Dr. SHamim .A. Simnani (Professor)
Dr. M. K. Sharma (Professor)
Dr. Khalid Mushtaq Bhat (Prof. & Head)
Dr. M. M. Mir (Associate Professor)
Dr. I. A. Bisati (Associate Professor)

RCRQA
Dr. Javaid Ahmad Sofi (Professor)
Dr. Ghulam Irshad (Professor)

IMPLEMENTING & EXECUTING AGENCIES

Directorate of Research-SKUAST-K
Directorate of Extension-SKUAST-K
Krishi Vigyan Kendras-SKUAST-K
Department of Horticulture, Kashmir

12
 SKUAST-KASHMIR
BAND-EXCELLENT
UNDER ATAL
BE ST STATE AGRICULTURAL
INNOVATION
UNIVE RSITYI NINDIA
RA NKING

SHER-E-KASHMIR
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
& TECHNOLOGY OF KASHMIR
Main Campus, Shalimar-190025, Srinagar

Disclaimer: Use and sale of the products recommended in the schedule are subject to production of registration
and label claim from CIB & RC, Govt. of India to be ascertained by Plant protection officer / Directorate of Law
Enforcement Department of Jammu & Kashmir.