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Lesson 1 - Pattern, Sequence & Series

No, you will not be able to open a bank account with your total savings by June. The total amount saved by June is P950, which is less than the P1000 required as initial savings.

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Mark Andrei H. Castillo
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590 views

Lesson 1 - Pattern, Sequence & Series

No, you will not be able to open a bank account with your total savings by June. The total amount saved by June is P950, which is less than the P1000 required as initial savings.

Uploaded by

Mark Andrei H. Castillo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FIRST QUARTER:

Lesson 1:
Patterns, Sequences and Series

Mrs. Veronica D. Jomadiao, MAEd


Objectives: At the end of the lesson, I can…
•generate patterns;
•identify patterns in real life;
•illustrate sequences and series;
•identify and generate the term of the
sequence, the nth term of the sequence
& series; and
•determine the general formula of the
sequence;
Activity: What’s next?
1. What is the next letter?
A, D, G, J, ___,
M ___,
P ___S
2. What is the next shape?
, _____
3. What are the next number?
1, 3, 5, 7, ___,
9 ___,
11 ___
13 Were you
4. What are the next number? able to find
1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ___, 49 ___
36 ___, 64 the
5. What are the next number? patterns?
21 ___,
1, 3, 6, 10, 15, ___, 36
28 ___
What is a pattern?
Pattern repeats after a certain sequence.
Examples of Patterns:

Can you give examples of pattern in


4
real life?
Since pattern repeat after a certain sequence, what
is a sequence?
▪ It is denoted by (an)
▪ It is a function with its domain being the set of
positive integers, n = {1, 2, 3, 4, …}.
▪ It is also an ordered list of numbers that follow a
certain pattern.
▪Example:
{ 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30}
a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a 6
All the terms in sequence is closed in braces and
the terms is separated by commas.
Finite and Infinite Sequence
❑Finite Sequence
▪It has an exact or limited number of terms and the last
terms is visible
▪Ex. is a1, a2, a3, …,an, respectively, since the list ends after
a specified number of terms.
▪In Math Investigation, Thomas will be saving for six weeks
only, thus, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 is {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30}.
❑Infinite Sequence
▪When the sequences that form a pattern and has no end
and denoted by ellipses (…).
▪Ex. {4, 7, 10, 13, 16, …}
▪If Thomas continue saving following the same pattern, thus,
a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 , … is {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, …}
General Term (an) of the Sequence
- There are two things that you need to know about
sequence, how do you find the nth terms and how
do you define the sequence (pattern).
Ex.1. The general terms of the given sequence is
an = 5n, find the first five terms of the sequence.
n = 1; a1 = 5(1) = 5
n = 2; a2 = 5(2) = 10
n = 3; a3 = 5(3) = 15 Answer: {5, 10, 15, 20, 25}
n = 4; a4 = 5(4) = 20
n = 5; a5 = 5(5) = 25
General Term (an) of the Sequence
•Ex.2. Find the succeeding
elements/terms of the given sequence.
a. {1, 4, 7, a4, a5, a6}
b. {2, 4, 8, a4, a5, a6,…, a10}

Is there a way to find the other terms of


the sequence?
Examples of the General Term (an) of the Sequence

Ex. 1: Given the sequence {1, 3, 5, 7,…}, find the nth term or
general term of the sequence and a25, and a78.
1st term (a1) = 1 Pattern is adding 2.
Using the given sequence, {1, 3, 5, 7, …}, and substituting
the given, we will have:
General Term: an = 2n + ? c
a1 = 2(1) + - 1 = 1 a2 = 2(2) + - 1 = 3
a3 = 2(3) + - 1 = 5 a4 = 2(4) + - 1 = 7
Using the general term of the given sequence, find a25 & a78.
General
Examples Term
of the (anTerm
General ) of the Sequence
(an) of the Sequence
Ex. 2: Given the sequence {4, 7, 10, 13 …}; find the nth
term or general term of the sequence and a15 and a100.
:
Given: Solution:
a1 = an = pattern(n) + ? c
a2 =
a3 = a1 = 3(1)+ ___ = 4
a4 = a2 = 3(2)+ ___ = 7
Pattern is adding 3 or +3 a3 = 3(3)+ ___ = 10
General Formula: a4 = 3(4)+ ___ = 13
an = 3n + _1_
Examples of the General Term (an) of the Sequence
Ex. #3: determine the general form of {12, 9, 6, 3, …}
Given: Solution: an = pattern(n) + __-
a1 =
a2 = a1 = -3(1)+ ___
a3 =
a4 =
a2 = -3 (2)+ ___
a3 = -3 (3)+ ___
Pattern:
Add - 3 a4 = -3 (4)+ ___

The nth Term or General Term is an = -3n + 15


Ex. #4: What is the general term of {4, 16, 64, 256, …}

Given: Solution: an = pattern(n)


a1 =
a2 = an = 4n
a3 = a1 = (4)1= 4
a4 =
a2 = (4)2= 16
Pattern: a3 = (4)3= 64
Multiply 4 a4 = (4)4= 256

The Nth Term or General Term is an = 4n


Ex. #5: Find the general term of {3, 9, 27, 81, …}
Given: Solution: an = pattern(n)
a1 = 3
a2 = 9 an = 3n
a3 = 27
a1 = (3)1= 3
a4 = 81
a2 = (3)2= 9
Pattern: a3 = (3)3= 27
Multiply 3
a4 = (3)4= 81

The nth Term or General Term is an = 3n


• It is the sum of the terms in a
sequence denoted by
What is a Sn= a1 + a2+ a3 … + an
• Example:
series
Ana, the fruit stand vendor, is
(Sn) ? stacking apples in the shape of the
pyramid for her display, she wanted
to determine the number of apples
needed to make a stack that is in 5
level.
Sn= a1 + a2+ a3 + a4 + a5
Solution: S = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
5
S5= 15
Answer: Ana needs 15 pcs. of apples to
stack in 5 level of the pyramid.
Trivia: • One of his famous anecdotes,
Gauss teacher ask his student
Johann Carl Friedrich to add all integers from 1 to
Gauss is the known as 100 to keep them busy. All of
the Prince of Gauss’ classmates performed
Mathematics it manually but only Gauss
He has exceptional obtain the correct answer in a
talent in mathematics. very short time to the
amazement of this teacher.
Let us find how he did it…
• Let’s find S7 of the sequence 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, …
• If we add S7 in too different orders we get:
S7 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7
S7 = 7 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1
2S7 = 8 + 8 + 8 + 8 + 8 + 8 + 8 7 sums of 8

2S7 = 7 (8)
What if we wanted to find S100 for the sequence in the
last example. It would be a pain to have to list all the
terms and try to add them up

S100 = ?
Example:
• Your Ninong Jose, gave you 500 pesos as a present last
Christmas. You promised to your ninong that you are going
to keep it and in addition, you will save money per month
such that in January you will save Php 50 and every
succeeding month will be php 10 more than the month
before. Answer the following questions:
• How much money will you have by the month of June?
• You want to save it in a bank, and you need Php1000 as
initial savings to open an account. With your total savings,
will you able to open an account? Why or why not?
Solution: S5= 50+60+70+80+90+100
a1 (Feb): 50 + 10 = 60
a2 (Mar): 60 + 10 = 70 S5= 450
a3 (Apr): 70 + 10 = 80
Therefore, by the end of June the saved
a4 (May): 80 + 10 = 90
amount is Php 950 and it is not enough to
a5 (June): 90 + 10 = 100
open an account in bank.

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