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Social Studies
Primary Social Studies has been written and developed by Ministry of General
Education and Instruction, Government of South Sudan in conjunction with Subjects
Experts. This course book provides a fun and practical approach to the subject
of Social Studies, and at the same time imparting life long skills to the pupils.
4 Social Studies
Pupil’s Book
The book comprehensively covers the Primary 4 syllabus as developed by
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 How to take care of your books.
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 PRIMARY
South Sudan 4

Social Studies
Pupil’s Book

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THIS BOOK IS NOT FOR SALE

Published in 2018 by:
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©2018, THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN, MINISTRY OF GENERAL

EDUCATION AND INSTRUCTION.

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 Table of content

UNIT 1:TECHNOLOGY ............................................................................1

Meaning of technology?...................................................................................................... . 1
How technology has changed the way of life of the people of South Sudan .......... 4
How technology has changed the eating habits… ........................................................ 5
How technology has changed the way of dressing................................................... …6
How technology has changed the ways of communication.................................... …8
How technology has changed the ways of transport .................................................10
Other items brought by technology ...............................................................................12
The plough.....................................................................................................................12
The steam engine .........................................................................................................13
The printing press ........................................................................................................13
Life before and after technology… .................................................................................15
Work to do… ......................................................................................................................17

UNIT 2: WEATHER AND CLIMATE .......................................................18

Local weather patterns ......................................................................................................18
Elements of weather...........................................................................................................20
Measuring and recording weather...................................................................................22
Importance of the study of weather...............................................................................25
Effects of weather changes on our environment .........................................................26
Problems caused by bad weather… ...............................................................................27
How to overcome problems caused by bad weather ................................................28
Meaning of climate ..............................................................................................................29
Climatic regions of South Sudan......................................................................................30
Seasons of South Sudan .....................................................................................................32
Meaning of climate change ................................................................................................36
Our role in contributing to good climate......................................................................38
Work to do ..........................................................................................................................39
Unit 3: INTERESTING INDUSTRIES ....................................................40
Economic activities .............................................................................................................40
Economic activities in South Sudan.................................................................................44
Crop farming ........................................................................................................................44
Forestry .................................................................................................................................46
Fishing ....................................................................................................................................49
Industries ..............................................................................................................................51
Map reading ..........................................................................................................................55
Work to do ..........................................................................................................................57

UNIT 4: STORIES AND SYMBOLS.........................................................58

People of South Sudan .......................................................................................................58
Stories of origin ...................................................................................................................60
How stories of origin have changed our lives today ...................................................62
Religious practices and Symbols ......................................................................................63
Laws that govern a community ........................................................................................65
Importance of laws in a society .......................................................................................66
Work to do ..........................................................................................................................67

UNIT5: AVOIDING CONFLICTS ............................................................68

Types of conflict found in our communities ................................................................ 68
Causes of conflict in our society .................................................................................... 69
Effects of conflict in our society ..................................................................................... 70
Things that bring us together .......................................................................................... 71
How to avoid conflict ....................................................................................................... 73
How pressure peer can help us solve problems......................................................... 74
The use of decision making skills in solving problems............................................... 75
What is right and wrong .................................................................................................. 77
Drugs .................................................................................................................................... 78
Work to do… ..................................................................................................................... 79
 UNIT 1 Technology
New words

Technology: The science of applying knowledge

for practical use.
Practical: Actual doing or use of something.
Application: An act of putting something to use.
Technological: Relating to use of technology.
Communication: Means of passing information.
Habits: Something that you do regularly.
Messenger: Someone who takes message from
one person to another.
Invent: To create something that has never
been made before.
Activity 1 Meaning of Technology

Technology is the science of applying knowledge for practical

use.

Examples of things brought by technology are:

Mobile phone Television

Car

1
 Radio
Printer Computer

Photocopying Digital camera Piano

machine

Pair work

Which of the above items have you ever seen? Explain how
they were being used.

A person making a call using A person reading

a telephone a newspaper

2
Individual work

Word search

Y U W A T C H J M V O
V C A M E R A L K H R
M O B I L E P H O N E
X E R J E P R N B Q T
P I A O P K I K D F U
A N D W H S N W T Q P
V V I T O T T X T F M
T B O W N Z E Q D F O
R T E V E T R A C F C

Find the following words from the word search above:

Car Mobile phone Computer

Telephone Printer Camera
Radio Watch

Homework

1. Find out from your parents the technological items used

in your home.

3
Activity 2 How techology has changed the way
of life of the people of South Sudan

The way people lived in the past is not the same as we live
today.
The following ways of life have changed because of technology:

Transport

Technology

Communication
Eating habits

Dressing

4
1. How technology has changed the eating habits

French fries Irish potatoes

Fried chicken Hen

Grilled fish Fish

Drinking water Drinking water

using a glass using a calabash

5
 Pair work
Explain how the foods in the pictures on page 5 were prepared
traditionally.

Homework
he
Find out from your parents the technological items that have
changed the eating habits.

2. How technology has changed the way of dressing

The way people dressed in the past is not the same way we
dress today.

Medicine man Doctor

6
Pair work

Compare the way people dressed in your community in the

past and the way we dress today.

Traditional dressing Modern dressing

Group work

Make two traditional clothes using things that are found

around your school.

Homework

Ask your parents the types of clothes that people used to

wear in the past.

7
3. How technology have changed the ways of
communication
Communication has been made easy because of technology.
Traditional ways of communication are:

Fire and smoke signal Drum beats

Messenger Horn blowing

Pair work
Using the pictures above, explain how people communicated
in the past.

8
Modern ways of communication are:

Mobile phone Radio

Newspaper Microphone

Group work

Compare how people communicated in the past and today.

Individual work
Write a letter to your friend telling him or her that you will
not write him or her a letter but you will communicate with
him or her using a mobile phone.
Homework

Find out from your parents or elders other ways of

communication that were used in the past.

9
4. How technology have changed the ways of transport

Individual work
Write the story about how modern ways of transport has
made life easy in your community. The following words will
help you: Cars, aeroplanes, trains, tarmac road and water
vehicle.

10
 How technology
have changed the
ways of transport

Tarmac road Murram road

Group work

1. Use the materials around you to make the things used

for transport in your school.
2. Place them at one corner of your class.
Homework
Ask your parents or guardians the common means of transport
in your community.

Recite the poem below.

Technology, technology, technology,
You make our work easier,
You make our communication faster,
You make our travel quicker,
You make our health better,
You make our life brighter,
Technology, technology, you are such a wonder.

11
Find the benefits of technology from the poem on page 11.
Write them in your notebook.

Activity 3 Other Items brought by technology

Technology has brought the following items:

(a) The plough
(b) The steam engine
(c) The printing press

(a) The Plough

The plough is used in preparing land for farming.
The first plough was invented by John Deere in 1837.
Look at the pictures below.

12
Homework
Ask your parents or guardians other ways that were used
to prepare land for farming in the past.

(b) The Steam Engine

It is a heat engine that uses steam as its fluid.
It was invented by Thomas Newcomen in 1712.

(c) Printing Press

It is a machine used to print books and newspapers.
It was invented by Johannes Gutinburn in 1440.

13
Group work
Make the following items using things found around you.
(a) A car
(b) An aeroplane
(c) A Mobile phone
Put them at the learning corner of your class.

Individual work

A B

C D
1. Choose the best way of communication and transport
from the pictures above.
2. Give reasons for your choice.

14
 Time for riddles

1. I was invented by James Watt. People use me to

make copies of paper. Who am I?
2. I move in the air. People use me to travel to far
away places. Who am I?
3. I use electricity. People use me to communicate. I can
fit in a pocket. Who am I?

Activity 4 Life before and after technology

Traditional cooking Modern cooking

15
 Traditional house Modern house

Traditional transport Modern transport

Pair work
Use the pictures above to compare life before and after
technology.
Group work

Discuss the problems faced by your communities in:

(a) Transport
(b) Communication

16
Work to do
1. Which machines do you believe could be developed in
future to help your community and why?
2. Compare how life was in the past and how life is today.
3. Explain the important benefits of technology to the
people of your community.

17
 UNIT 2 Weather and climate
New words
Pattern: A repeated arrangement.
Elements: Weather conditions especially bad ones.
Recording: A process of storing something to be
heard or seen later.
Effects: A result of something.
Specific: Relating to one thing.
Famine: A situation in which there is not enough
food.
Bare land: Land without grass.
Describe: To say or write what something or
someone is like.

Weather
Weather is the daily condition of air in a place.

Activity 1 Local weather patterns

Nature walk
Look outside the classroom. Which weather condition can
you see?

18
 Sometimes it can be rainy, sunny, cloudy or windy. This is
what we call local weather patterns.

Pair work

Look at the pictures below.

A B

C D
Write down the weather conditions in the pictures above.

19
Activity 2 Elements of weather

Things that tell us the weather of a place are called elements

of weather. They are:

Temperature

Elements
of
Weather

Wind Rainfall

1. Temperature
Temperature is how hot or cold a place is.

We put on heavy clothes We put on light clothes

when its cold when its hot

20
2. Rainfall
Rain help us to know the weather of a place.

Group work

1. What do you see from the pictures above?

2. Discuss what you always do when it is raining.

3. Wind
Wind is moving air. It helps us know the weather of a place.

21
Pair work

Tell your friend what is happening in the pictures above.

Activity 3 Measuring and recording elements of

weather

A weather station
Weather is measured and recorded in a weather station.

22
Class project

1. Visit the nearest weather station.

2. Record what you have seen.
3. Present what you have recorded to your teacher.

a) Temperature
Temperature is measured using a thermometer. The
readings are in degrees Celsius (°C).

A thermometer
b. Rainfall
We measure rainfall using a rain gauge. Its measured in
millimetres.

Rain gauge

23
c. Wind
i) We use a wind vane to tell the direction of wind. The
pointer faces the direction wind is blowing from.

Wind vane
ii) We use a windsock to tell the direction and strength of
wind. Strong wind makes the windsock appear straight.

Wind sock

Group work
Use materials found around you to make the following
instruments:
a) Wind vane
b) Wind sock
c) Rain gauge

24
Class activity

Set up a simple weather station at school. Use the instruments

you have made to measure elements of weather. Use what
you have recorded to describe the weather patterns in your
area.

Activity 4 Importance of the study of weather

The study of weather helps us plan our activities well.

Pair work

Using the pictures above, why is it important to study

weather?

25
Group work
Share with your group members why it is important for us to
study about weather.
Individual work
Have you ever been rained on from school? Why do you think
the study of weather is important?

Activity 5 Effects of weather changes on our

environment
Class activity

1. Identify what is happening in the pictures above.

2. Which changes are harmful? Explain how.

26
Individual work
Explain the effects of good and bad weather in the environment.

Activity 6 Problems caused by bad weather

Group work

Use the pictures above to answer the questions that follows.

a) What problems of weather can you see?
b) Discuss how weather has caused these problems.

27
Individual work
Identify the problems you face at home because of bad weather.

Activity 7 How to overcome problems caused by

bad weather

Tell your teacher what you can see.

Pair work

Listen to the text that your teacher will read for you and
answer the questions that follows.
1. Why is it important to plant trees?
2. Explain what we should do to prevent the problems
caused by weather.

28
 Important
We should plant trees in our environment.

Climate
Activity 8 Meaning of climate

Climate is the average weather conditions of a place

over a long period of time and over large areas.
Nature walk
Get outside the classroom.
What is the weather like today? How can you tell? What was
the weather like yesterday?

29
The table below shows the difference between weather and
climate:

Weather Climate
• Measured for a short period • Measured for a long period
of time. of time.
• Weather covers a specific • Climate covers a large
area. area.
• Weather conditions change • Climate conditions take
at intervals. time to change.

Activity 9 Climatic regions of South Sudan

30
Group work

1. In which months of the year does your area receive

a lot of rain? In which months does it receive a lot of
sunshine?
2. Discuss in groups why your area experience the type of
climate you have observed.

Factors that make the climate appear differently

Relief features Presence of water bodies

Type of cover crops Cutting trees

31
Pair work

1. Copy and draw in your exercise books the map of South

Sudan showing climatic regions. Label it correctly.
2. Identify different activities taking place in the climatic regions
you have shown on the map.

Activity 10 Seasons of South Sudan

The wet and the dry climate in South Sudan are called seasons.
A season is a long period in which the weather pattern is the
same.

Individual work

What differences have you observed between wet climate

and dry climate in your area?

i) Similarities between wet season and dry season.

32
 Sunshine is in both seasons Rainfall is in both seasons

Wind blow in both seasons Clouds are in both seasons

ii) Differences between wet season and dry season

Wet season Dry season
1. We receive a lot of rainfall. 1. We receive little rainfall.
2. There are short periods of 2. There are long periods of sunshine.
sunshine.
3. The ground is wet and 3. The ground is dry and dusty.
slippery.

33
 Activities we do during different seasons

Individual work

Identify the activities in the pictures and the seasons that they
are carried out.

Pair work

Explain the activities that the people in your area carry out
during wet and dry seasons.

34
i) Activities during the wet season

Cultivating our gardens Spraying crops

Weeding our crops Planting our crops

ii) Activities during the dry season

Harvesting crops Drying crops

35
 Storing seeds Grazing animals

Homework

Find out the ceremonies people in your area attend during

dry season.

Climate change
Activity 11 Meaning of climate change
Climate change refers to the changes in patterns of weather.
The changes last for a long period of time.

36
The following human activities causes climate change:

Burning charcoal Over grazing

Cutting trees Water pollution

Group work

Find out the things responsible for changes in patterns of

weather in South Sudan.

37
Effects of climate change

Bare land Dead animals

Flooding Famine
Pair work

Discuss some of the activities in your area that can lead to

climate change.

Activity 12 Our role in contributing to good

climate

38
Pair work

How do such activities contribute to good climate?

Group work

Identify other sources of energy that can contribute to good

climate.
Important
The government should invest on other sources of energy
such as gas, solar and electricity to stop the public from
using firewood.

Work to do
1. Explain why the study of weather is important in our
country.
2. Explain why we have different types of weather.
3. Match the weather instrument with the element it measures.
Instrument Element
i) Wind vane a) Rainfall
ii) Wind sock b) Temperature
iii) Rain gauge c) Wind strength
iv) Thermometer d) Direction of wind

39
UNIT 3 Interesting industry
New words
Forestry: A science of planting and taking care of
large areas of trees.
Small scale: Small areas.
Large scale: Large areas.
Nutrients: Anything that plants or animals need in
order to grow.
Cultivating: To prepare land and grow crops on it.
Lumberman: A person who cut down trees.
Sawmill: A factory where trees are cut into pieces
with machines.
Value: How useful or important something is.

Activity 1 Economic activities

Things that we do to give us money are called economic

activities.

40
Pair work

Discuss what is happening in the pictures that you have seen.

Story time
Listen to the story that your teacher will read to you then
answer the questions that follow:
What is the difference between the economic activities done
by the parents of Aketch and that of Mr. Deng?

41
Pair work

1. Identify the economic activities shown in the pictures

above.
2. Tell your friend the economic activity that you like and
why you like it.
Some of the economic activities include:

Farming Hunting

Fishing Trading
42
Group work

Discuss in groups the economic activities carried out in your

community.

Pair work

T V B K R U S I M A
H U N T I N G F S G
T L B K F R T A T A
R F A Q I Y G R V R
B B S P S P A M U T
R C K H H G B I T H
T F E M I N I N G E
A D T Q N P L G N R
V B R P G R A M I I
F G Y H M W N O D N
A E T W W A M A R G
F O R E S T R Y E R
W S P U T R O R H T

1. Find the following economic activities from the word search

above:
Herding Forestry Gathering Farming Trading
Basketry Mining Hunting Fishing
2. Suggest other economic activities that you know.

43
Activity 2 Economic activities in South Sudan

South Sudan has many economic activities depending on the

climate and the weather.

Identify the economic activities above.

Crop farming
This is the growing of crops on small scale and large scale.
Pair work

44
From the pictures on page 44 explain the good things that we
get from each of the crops that you have seen.

Group work

Discuss the nutrients we get from the fruits and the vegetables
above.
Crop farming process
Problems faced by farmers
Preparation
of land Planting of
Storage crops

Drying Harvesting Weeding

45
 Bad road Pests

Drought Floods
Group work

Explain how the above problems affect farmers.

Forestry
A forest is a large area with trees.
Forestry is the activity of cultivating and managing the forest.

46
How to process wood
Sing the song below.
Up in the forest, stand big tall trees,
Lumberman, Lumberman, cut down the tall trees,
Timber is rolling,Timber is rolling,
Take it to the sawmill,
Saw mill, sawmill,
Take it to the carpenter,
Carpenter, Carpenter,
Make a chair for me,
And I sit on it and I think about,
The big and tall trees.

Pair work

Use the song above to write a story about how a tree becomes
a chair. The following words will help you:
• Cutting
• Sawmill
• Carpenter
• Timber
• Forest
• Hammer
• Nails

47
Problems facing forestry

Individual work

Explain how the activities above are a problem to forestry.

Important
We should plant more trees.

48
Fishing
This is the activity of catching fish.
Fishermen in South Sudan catch fish along the White Nile,
lakes, streams and waterfalls.

Importance of fishing
1. It brings people together.
2. It brings money from other countries.
3. It is a source of food.
4. It also create jobs for the jobless people.

49
Problems facing fishing

Water pollution Bad roads make fish

kills fish go bad before they
reach the market

Group work

Explain some of the problems facing fishing industry in your

community.

Homework

1. Ask you parents some of the economic activities that

they know. Write them down.
2. Which economic activity produces the items below?

50
Economic activities that add value to South Sudan
Let Adhol, Adek and Kur tell us the economic activities that
make our country important.

The crops
give us food and money.

River Nile brings Tourists.

Adek

The beauty of animals and Kur

the fresh air attracts tourists.

Adhol

Activity 3 Industries

An industry is a place where raw materials like cotton are

made into finished products like clothes.

51
Class project

With the help of your teacher,visit a local industry.

1. Find out the reasons why it was started there.
2. Find out about the problems facing the industry.
3. Write down what you have been told.
4. Take your book to your teacher.

52
Pair work

Match the items with what is used to make them.

Types of industries
Traditional industries make traditional goods using readily
available things.

53
Modern industries make modern items using raw materials.

Explain how you can make a toy vehicle using the pictures
above. The following words will help you.
• Sandles
• Cutting
• Wheels
• Sticks
• Thread
• Toy vehicle

54
Homework

Explain how technology has changed the way of life of people

in your area.
Activity 4 Map reading

A map is a drawing showing an area of land or sea.

UPENDO AREA

UPENDO FOREST

B
xix
xviii
xvii
xvi

SCH xv

xiv
xiii
iv v vi
iii xii

ii vii viii xi
UPENDO TOWN
i x
ix
A

R. Zuri

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 km

0 KEY1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TEA PLANTATION
8 9 10 11 km
ROAD
COFFEE PLANTATION
RAILWAY
This is a scale. It is used to measure distance on a map.
BUILDINGS BRIDGE

LEVEL CROSSING CHURCH

FOREST SCHOOL
PAPYRUS SWAMP RIVER

55
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 km

KEY TEA PLANTATION

ROAD
COFFEE PLANTATION
RAILWAY

BUILDINGS BRIDGE

LEVEL CROSSING CHURCH

FOREST SCHOOL
PAPYRUS SWAMP RIVER

These are symbols.They stand for different items on a map.

Group work

From the map on page 55:

1. Name any physical features that you can see.
2. Identify the economic activities that you can see.
How to calculate area of on a map using the grid
method

Trace the region Draw squares of one

on a tracing centimetre

paper. each

56
 Count all the full Count the incomplete
squares squares then divide
by two.
Add to the complete
Full squares = 25 squares
Incomplete squares = 27

Incomplete squares
Area =
2 + Complete squares

27
= 2
+ 25
= 13.5 +25
Area = 39 squares

Work to do
1. Describe any traditional industry that you know .
2. Investigate how industries in South Sudan affect the
way you live.

57
 UNIT 4 Stories and symbols
New words
Community: A group of people living in the same state.
Society: A place where people live in an organised
way.
Laws: A system of rules.
Moral laws: Rules that guide on how to behave.
Symbols: Images used to represent something.
Beliefs: A feeling of being sure that something
exist or is true.
Origin: Beginning of something.
Govern: To control.

Activity 1 People of South Sudan

The people of South Sudan came from different places to

settle in their current places.

58
1. Plain Nilotes came from Ethiopian Highlands.
2. The River-Lake Nilotes came from Northern Sudan from
the Kush kingdom.
3. The Bantu group came from West Africa.
4. The Sudanic group came from West Africa .

Ayen, Ajak, Okot, Kiden, Omot and Akello will tell us the
communities in South Sudan.

ru
Mo u r
J
u er l e i
N ur A chol
M uak nde
k
n k
a Jie Any n Aza
i a i
D ilu
i o po Mab o Ba
h g
S ch Ban
Ka

Ayen Ajak
To posa
du uku
Mun Pari
m a K a g o
Ko w Lan o Ajaa
Kak h a
Otu Bak
Bari

Okot
Kiden

59
 i
n dr d
E o
l o Ch di Siri
l Ma i
Go rgee g
For a Agar
u
Fo ara g
Ben m Gok
Kh
Paka

Omot Akello

Group work

Identify the Plain Nilotes from the names that you have read.

Individual work

Write a letter to your friend in another school from a different

community asking him or her to tell you about the people
living in their community.

Activity 2 Stories of origin

These are stories with beliefs on where people came from.

60
Story time
Listen to the story that your teacher will read to you and
then answer the questions that follows.

Pair work

1. Where did Garang and Abuk come from?

2. How is the story important?
Group work

Discuss the creation story in the Bible if you are a Christian

or the Koran if you are a Muslim.

61
Activity 3 How stories of origin have changed
our lives today

Some people believe they came from the moon.

Others believe they were created by a superior being, while
others believe that they came from the mountains or hills.

Homework

Ask your parents about the people in other parts of your

state and their stories of origin.

62
Activity 4 Religious practices and symbols

Religious practices are the activities we engage in to stay in

line with our various gods.
Religious practices
Some religious practices are:

Individual work

Identify and write down religious practices in each of the

above picture.

63
Religious symbols
Symbols are images used to represent something.

Cross
Minaret

Time to draw

1. Draw any religious symbol that you know.

2. What does it represent?
Group work

Are the religious practices in your communities the same or

different? Discuss.
One of the religious symbol we have is:

Cross

64
Pair work

Write down the meaning of religious symbols in your religion?

Time to draw

1. Draw the flag of your country.

2. Explain what each colour of your flag represent.
Homework

Ask your parents or guardians some of the religious symbols

that you have in your religion and write them down with their
meaning.
Activity 5 Laws that govern a community

Laws are used to direct someone on what to do and what not

to do. Each community has laws that govern them.

Pair work

Explain some of the things that can make people to be arrested.

65
Individual work
A B

1. Explain what is happening in picture A and B.

2. What could be the possible causes of the accident?
Group work

1. Tell your group members why class rules are important.

2. Write down what you have discussed.
Activity 6 Importance of laws in society

Laws guide us on how to behave.

66
Group work

Explain what is happening in the pictures on page 66.

Debate
Hold a debate on the topic “School rules are important”

Work to do
1. Explain why stories of people origin are important.
2. Investigate the religious practices in your religion.
3. Compare the laws in your community to that of other
states.

67
 UNIT 5 Avoiding conflicts
New words

Symbols: Images used to represent something.

Conflict: Disagreements between two or more
people.
Peer pressure: An act of doing something because your
friends are doing the same thing.
Originate: Coming from.
Factors: A situation that leads to somethings.
Argument: A disagreement.
Ideas: A suggestion or plan for doing something.

Activity 1 Types of conflict found in our

communities
A conflict is a serious argument between two or more people
that leads to a fight.

68
Group work

1. Discuss what is happening in the picture on page 68

and their causes.
2. How can you solve the problems that you have discussed
above?
Pair work

Tell each other the arguments that you have ever had and
their causes.
Activity 2 Causes of conflict in our society

P O V E R T Y I M A
H U G T I N G F S B
T P R I D E T A T F
S T E A L I N G V Z
C B E P S P A M U T
O C D H H B B I T R
R F E M I N I N G E
R E L I G I O N N P
U B R P G R A M I I
P G Y H M W N O D N
T E T W W A M A R G
I O R E S R B Y E R
O S P U T R O R H T
N W W A M A R G E R

69
Individual work

Find the following causes of conflict from the word search on

page 69.
Greed, poverty, stealing, pride, corruption and religion.
Group work

Use a dictionary to find the meaning of the words you found.

Activity 3 Effects of conflict in our society

Recite the poem below.

Conflict, ooh conflict,
We should avoid conflict,
it may lead to a fight,
It may lead to hatred,
Items may be destroyed,
People may also die,
We should always live in peace,
And love each other.
Pair work

Identify the effect of conflict from the poem above.

Homework

Find out from your parents other effects of conflict in your

society.

70
Activity 4 Things that bring us together

The following factors bring us together:

Games and sports Presidency

Education National flag

National Anthem
Oh God!
We praise and glorify you
For your grace on South Sudan
Land of great abundance
Uphold us united in peace and harmony

Oh motherland!
We rise raising flag with the guiding star

71
 And sing songs of freedom with joy
For justice, liberty and prosperity
Shall forevermore reign
Oh great patriots!

Let us stand up in silence and respect

Saluting our martyrs whose blood
Cemented our national foundation
We vow to protect our nation
Oh God, bless South Sudan!
Sing the National Anthem.

Group work

Explain how games and sports bring people together.

Ways of solving problems in communities

1. Discuss the cause of the problem.

2. Get help from another person.

72
 3. Listen to each other and come with ideas that will
help solve the problem.

Workplay
Role to do

Using role play, dramatise how you can solve a problem

in school.
Activity 5 How to avoid conflict

1. Stop a fight.
2. Discuss your problems.
3. Give a person a chance to speak.
4. Answer other people with respect.

73
Activity 6 How peer pressure can help us solve
problems

Peer pressure is an act of doing something because your

friends are doing the same thing. It can be positive or
negative.

Group work

Discuss how you can avoid negative peer pressure.

Negative peer pressure

74
Activity 7 The use of decision making skills in
solving problems

Decision making is the ability to make choices.

A skill is the ability to do something well.
Therefore, decision making skill is the ability to come up
with the right choices.

Individual work

Have you ever made a choice in your life? Was it good or bad?
Share with your teacher what it was about.

Positive effects of solving problems

Listen to what Lokonyen, kaka and Kiden are sayng about the
good effects of solving problems.

75
 u s t each e s our
e l p us tr Mak unding
H o
r. surr ly.
othe frien
d

Kaka Kiden

together.
Helps us work

Lokonyen

Group work

Talk about some of the common problems that the young

people face.

76
Activity 8 What is right and wrong?

Right things are good things.

Wrong things are bad things.

Good Bad
Pair work
Complete the following table by writing right or wrong. One
has been done for you.
Activity Right or wrong
Taking someone’s property without
permission.
Going to Church or Mosque.
Gossiping. Wrong
Not greeting the elders.
Helping your parents at home.
Working hard in class.
Making noise in class.
Drug abuse.
Negative peer pressure.
Sex before marriage.

77
Group work

Come up with five right and five wrong things in your

community. Exchange with your deskmate.
Activity 9 Drugs

A drug is any thing which when taken into the body affects
how the body works.

A B

C D

Pair work

1. Identify the correct drug from the pictures above.

2. Identify the ones that are good. Explain why.
3. Which ones are bad? Explain why.

78
Drug abuse
Drug abuse is the use of drugs wrongly.

Important
Say no to negative peer pressure.

Work to do
1. Jada on his way to school found two boys fighting.
Using what you have learnt, explain how he should
have stopped the fight.
2. Describe how you can resist negative peer pressure.

79
 ! " # $ %&&! # ' ( ) ! " # $ %&&! # ' ( )

4
Prim ary Prim ary
Social Studies
Primary Social Studies has been written and developed by Ministry of General
Education and Instruction, Government of South Sudan in conjunction with Subjects
Experts. This course book provides a fun and practical approach to the subject
of Social Studies, and at the same time imparting life long skills to the pupils.
4 Social Studies
Pupil’s Book
The book comprehensively covers the Primary 4 syllabus as developed by
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