1. Explain the role of Indian ethos in managerial practices .

What are the Elements of

Indian ethos?
Indian ethos in managerial practices refers to the values and practices that the culture of
India (Bharatheeya Sanskriti) can contribute to service, leadership and management. These
values and practices are rooted in Sanathana Dharma (the eternal essence), and have been
influenced by various strands of Indian philosophy.

Some of the elements of Indian ethos are:

 Immense potential, energy and talents for perfection as human being has the spirit
within his heart.
 Holistic approach indicating unity between the Divine, individual self and the
universe.
 Subtle, intangible subject and gross tangible objects are equally important. One
must develop one’s Third Eye, Jnana Chaksu, the Eye of Wisdom, Vision, Insight and
Foresight.
 Work values from Bharatheeya Sanskriti such as Paropakaaraartham Idam
Shareeram (The body is meant for serving others or for the higher common good),
Atmanomokshartham Jagat Hitayacha (Endeavors should be made considering the
well-being of the world too, while considering the (spiritual) well-being of oneself),
Trikaranasuddhi (To consider work as a means to grow oneself in ‘Purity and Unity of
Thought, Word and Deed’), Yagnaya charatha: karma (To engage in work as a sacred
offering).

The role of Indian ethos in managerial practices is to:

 Provide a strong bond with internal as well as external customers, resulting in

improved performance.
 Help in problem solving and develop self-reliance.

 Develop an effective and holistic management pattern which will assure all-round
growth in productivity, marketing, and profitability.
 Foster research and academic activities in the domain of Indian ethos.
 Encourage self-confidence, fostering self-respect and self-restraint.
 Make the student useful and pious member of society by proper development of
moral feelings.
 Promote the progress of different art forms and professions by respecting the
diversity of occupations.
2. Explain the Laws of Karma and its relevance in business settings
The laws of karma are the principles that explain how our actions, thoughts and
words have consequences, both positive and negative, in our lives and beyond.
Karma is a Sanskrit word that means “action” or “deed”.

According to some experts, there are 12 laws of karma that can help us understand
how karma works and how to create good karma in our lives. These are:

1. The great law or the law of cause and effect: This is the basic law of karma
that states that whatever we do, good or bad, will come back to us in some
form. For example, if we help someone, we will receive help when we need it;
if we hurt someone, we will experience pain or suffering in return.

2. The law of creation: This law emphasizes that we are responsible for creating
our own reality through our choices, thoughts and actions. We cannot just
wait for things to happen to us; we have to actively pursue our goals and
dreams.

3. The law of humility: This law teaches us to accept the things that we cannot
change and to change the things that we can. It also reminds us to be humble
and not to judge others, as everyone has their own karma and lessons to
learn.

4. The law of growth: This law encourages us to grow and evolve as human
beings by learning from our experiences and mistakes. It also tells us that we
can only change ourselves, not others, and that our growth depends on our
willingness to change.

5. The law of responsibility: This law states that we are accountable for
everything that happens in our lives, as it is a reflection of our inner state. If
we want to change something in our external world, we have to first change
something within ourselves.

6. The law of connection: This law shows us that everything is connected and
interdependent, and that nothing happens in isolation. Every action has a
ripple effect that affects others and the whole universe. We are also
connected to our past, present and future selves, and we have to balance
them harmoniously.
7. The law of focus: This law advises us to concentrate on one thing at a time
and not to let our mind wander or get distracted by negative thoughts or
emotions. By focusing on what is positive and important, we can achieve our
goals more easily and avoid creating negative karma.

8. The law of giving and hospitality: This law urges us to be generous and
hospitable to others, as well as to ourselves. By giving what we want to
receive, we create a cycle of abundance and gratitude. By being hospitable,
we welcome new opportunities and experiences into our lives.

9. The law of here and now: This law teaches us to live in the present moment
and not to dwell on the past or worry about the future. By being fully aware
of the here and now, we can enjoy life more fully and avoid creating negative
karma from regret or anxiety.

10. The law of change: This law tells us that change is inevitable and necessary
for our growth and happiness. We should not resist or fear change, but
embrace it as an opportunity to learn and transform. By changing ourselves,
we also change our karma.

11. The law of patience and reward: This law reminds us that everything
happens in its own time and that we have to be patient and persistent in
pursuing our goals. We should not expect immediate results or rewards, but
trust that they will come when we are ready and deserving.

12. The law of significance and inspiration: This law reveals that everything we
do has a purpose and a meaning, even if we don’t see it right away. We
should always strive to do our best and inspire others with our actions. By
doing so, we create positive karma that benefits ourselves and others.

These laws of karma can be applied in business settings as well as in personal life.
They can help us make ethical decisions, improve our relationships with
customers, colleagues and partners, enhance our productivity and creativity,
achieve our objectives and vision, and ultimately create a positive impact in the
world.
 3. What is Triguna Theory ? Explain in detail
Triguna theory is a concept in Indian thought that proposes that the psyche consists of three
energies called sattva, rajas and tamas. These energies are present in everyone in different
degrees, and are said to explain differences in behavior, well-being and spirituality. A
dominance of sattva is considered favorable for well-being. The three guna influence the
physical and mental activities of every individual.

Sattva is the quality of goodness, purity, harmony, intelligence and wisdom. Sattva guna
leads to happiness, peace, clarity and liberation.
Rajas is the quality of passion, activity, dynamism, ambition and desire. Rajas guna leads to
action, change, movement and attachment.
Tamas is the quality of ignorance, inertia, dullness, laziness and darkness. Tamas guna leads
to delusion, confusion, stagnation and bondage.
The triguna theory is also related to the five elements (pancha mahabhutas) that constitute
the physical world and the three biological humors (tridosha) that govern the health and
disease of the body. Each element and humor has a predominant guna associated with it.
The triguna theory is a useful tool to understand one’s personality, temperament, strengths
and weaknesses. It also helps to choose a suitable lifestyle, diet, yoga practice and
meditation technique that can balance the gunas and promote well-being.

4. Explain the Leadership Pointers from Kautilya’s Arthashastra

Leadership pointers from Kautilya’s Arthashastra are the principles and guidelines that
Kautilya, also known as Chanakya, gave to the kings and rulers of ancient India on how to
govern their kingdoms effectively and efficiently. Kautilya was a teacher, philosopher,
economist and political strategist who wrote the Arthashastra, a treatise on statecraft,
military strategy and economic policy. He was also the prime minister of Chandragupta
Maurya, the founder of the Mauryan empire. His Arthashastra contains many lessons on
leadership that are relevant even today for managers and leaders of organizations. Here are
some of them:

Kautilya’s seven pillars of leadership: Kautilya identified seven elements that are essential for
a successful leader. They are as follows:
1) Swami -The Ruler,
2) Amatya -The Minister,
3) Janapada -The Population,
4) Durga – The Fortified Capital,
5) Kosha -The Treasury,
6) Danda -The Army,
7) Mitra -Ally and Friend.
A leader should balance and harmonize these seven elements to ensure the prosperity and
security of his kingdom or organization.

 Kautilya’s three powers of leadership: Kautilya recommended his king (Swami), to

rule through Prabhu with, Shakti (vision), Mantra Shakti (mission) and Utsah Sahkti
(motivation). A leader should have a clear vision of his goals and objectives, a well-
defined mission statement that guides his actions and policies, and a strong
motivation that inspires him and his people to achieve excellence.

 Kautilya’s four qualities of leadership: Kautilya stated that a leader should possess
four qualities:

1) Sthairya -Steadiness,
2) Dakshta -Skillfulness,
3) Prabhava -Influence,
4) Tejas -Splendor.

A leader should be steady and consistent in his decisions and actions, skillful and
competent in his tasks and duties, influential and persuasive in his communication
and relationships, and splendid and charismatic in his appearance and personality.

 Kautilya’s four duties of leadership: Kautilya outlined four duties that a leader
should perform:
1) Raksha -Protection,
2) Vriddhi -Enhancement,
3) Palana -Maintenance,
4) Yogakshema -Welfare.

A leader should protect his people and resources from internal and external threats,
enhance his capabilities and opportunities for growth and development, maintain his
standards and values of governance and administration, and ensure the welfare and
happiness of his people.