MMW Module 3
MMW Module 3
Self-Check:
a. Let X = {a, b, c}, Y = {a, c, b}, and Z = {a, b, b, c, c, c}. What are the elements of
X, Y, and Z? How are X, Y, and Z related?
The elements of X, Y and Z are a, b, and c.
They are related because they have the same elements.
b. How many elements are in the set {a, {a, b}, {a}}?
The set {a, {a, b}, {a}} have 3 elements: a, the set whose elements is
a, b and the set whose element is a.
c. For each positive integer x, Let Ax = {x, x2}. Find A1, A2, A3
A1 = {1, 12} = {1, 1} = {1}
A2 = {2, 22} = {2, 4}
A3 = {3, 32} = {3, 9}
SET-BUILDER NOTATION
Self-Check:
Given that R denotes the set of all real numbers, Z the set of all integers, and the set of
all negative integers, describe each of the following sets.
a. {x ∈ R| -5 < x < 1}
{x ∈ R| -5 < x < 1} is the open interval of real numbers (strictly)
between
-5 and 1. It includes {-4, -3, -2, -1, 1}.
b. {x ∈ Z| -5 < x < 1}
{x ∈ Z| -5 < x < 1} is the set of all integers (strictly) between -5 and 1.
It is equal to the set {-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1}.
SUBSET
Self-Check:
Let A = {2, {2}, (√ 2)2}, B = {2, {2}. {{2}}} and C = {2}. Evaluate the truth and falsity of the
following statements.
a. A⊆B
b. B⊆A
c. A is a proper subset of B
d. C⊆B
e. C is a proper subset of A
Solutions:
Self-Check:
Solutions:
Only A is true.
For (b) to be true, the x in the left should be like this {{x}}.
For (c) to be true, the variable x would have to be a set or in a braces {x}
and every element in the set x would have to be element of {x, y, z}. This is
not the case, so (c) is false.
For (d) to be true, every element in the set containing only the variable x
would have to be an element of the set whose elements are {x}, {y} and {z}.
But x is not equal to either {x}, {y} and {z}. So (e) is false
For (e) to be true, the set {x, y, z} would have to contain the element {x}. But
the only element of {x, y, z} are x, y, z and x, y, z are not equal to {x}.
Therefore (e) is false.