JIGJIGA UNIVERSITY,

JIGJIGA ETHIOPIA

A Project report on

“Structural design of G+2 building Project”

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
CIVIL
By
1, Azmera Ayele R/0366/09 A
2, Beza Desta R/168/09 A
3, Kediri Abdulla R/0982/09 A
4, Mohammed Aden R/1378/09 A
5, Mohammedkelif Ahmednur R/1249/09 A
6, Toyba Assen R/1690/09 A
7, Agegnew Alemu R/0170/09 A

Under the guidance of

Instructor Name
Analysis and Design of G+2 mixed use Building 2013/2021

Lecturer / ABEL YOHANS

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

JIGJIGA UNIVERSITY

JIGJIGA ETHIOPIA

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

JIGJIGA UNIVERSITY

JIGJIGA ETHIOPIA

CERTIFICATE

This is to Certify that the project work entitled “Structural design of G+2
building Project” is a Bonafede work carried out by Group 01 Students in partial
Fulfillment of 10th Semester B-Tech in CIVIL ENGINEERING of the Jigjiga University,
Jigjiga, Ethiopia, during the year 2020-2021. The project report has been approved
as it satisfies the academic requirement prescribed for the Bachelor of Engineering
Degree.

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Instructor name

Lecturer / Mr. ABEL YOHANS

Name of the Examiners: Signature with date:

____________________________
1. ………………………………

2. ………………………………… __________________________

3. …………………………………

____________________________

DECLARATION

We declare that this written submission represents our ideas in our own words and where
others' ideas or words have been included, we have adequately cited and referenced the
original sources. We also declare that we have adhered to all principles of academic
honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any
idea/data/fact/source in my submission.

We understand that any violation of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by the
University and can also evoke penal action from the sources which have thus not been
properly cited or from whom proper permission has not been taken when needed.

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Signature

1, AZMERA AYELE
2, BEZA DESTA
3, KEDIR ABDELLA
4, MOHAMMED ADEN
5, MOHAMMEDKELIF AHMEDNUR
6, TOYBA ASSEN
7, AGEGNEW ALEMU

APPROVAL

This is to certify that this project entitled our structural design is a genuine work done and
submitted by the student of fifth year civil engineering at JIJIGA University for the partial
fulfillment of the requirement and regulations governing the award of BSC degree in Civil
Engineering under our guidance and supervision during the academic year of 2021G.C.
This final project is completed with satisfactory evaluation of the advisor as per requirement of
the University.

Project advisor name------------------

Sign --------------------

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Abstract
This project is a structural design of a G+2 mixed use building intended to provide cafe
and restaurant, office and conference services. The proposed building is located within
JIJIGA.

The project document encompasses the analysis, design, and detailed drawing of a hipped
roof, a solid slab, a staircase, beams, columns, and foundation.

The design philosophy adopted for the project is the limit state design for all aspects or
parts of the structure according to Ethiopian Building Code of Standards (Ebcs 1995 code).
The frame and other parts of analysis were accomplished by employing ETABS and other
additional soft wares as Excel.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Our greatest thanks from the depth of our heart go to God and St. Mary for endowing us with
the courage, strength as well as health throughout our school time and for the successful
accomplishment of this project.
Next we would like to express our deepest gratitude and respect to our project advisor Ins.
Mr. ABEL YOHANS & JIJIGA University we want to thank them for their dedication and
time devotion on guiding us how to precede and for their uninterrupted advice during the
progress of the project work. Our work could have been in vain in their absence. He was just
like our elder brother and we do not have enough words to thank him for what he had done for
us during our thesis project for partial fulfillment of BSC degree.
Finally, our heartfelt regards goes to our families for their immeasurable care, for all our
friends in the accomplishment of this project paper & ourselves for our agreement, punctuality,
cooperation and willingness from the starting of the project.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This project deals about the structural analysis and design of a G+2 building considering all the
external and internal effects according to different EBCS, 1995 codes. The duties
accomplished in this project are explained below. Those are wind load analysis and design on
hipped roof. The external wind pressure coming from different directions were collected and
transferred to frames according to EBCS-1, 1995. The next focuses on the analysis and design
of slabs in all floors. All the slabs are solids and one way cantilever & two-way slabs. The
depths of all the slabs are made the same for construction simplicity and reinforcement of each
is determined using EBCS-2, 1995. The next is analysis and design of the frame of the
structure. It was analyzed using ETABS 18 as space frame taking combinations for the
existing lateral and vertical loads. Therefore, the beams and columns were designed using the
loads obtained from analysis by taking the worst effect. Design of stair case.

Finally, foundation design of the structure. We took the design bearing capacity of the dense
sand from EBCS-7 recommended for different soil and rock types. It was designed as square
footing by considering two worst load combinations to support and safely distribute all the
actions coming from the super structure into the ground. Conclusion and recommendation.

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ACRONYM/ABBREVIATIONS
Ac Gross Area of concrete
As Area of tensile reinforcement bar
As’ Area of compressive reinforcement bar
b, h Dimension of rectangular section ( width and depth respectively)
beff Effective width
CALT Altitude factor
Cd Dynamic coefficient
CDIR Direction factor
Ce Exposure coefficient
Cp Pressure coefficient
Cr Roughness coefficient
Ct Topographic coefficient
CTEM Temperature coefficient
D Effective depth
D Gross Depth
E Modulus of elasticity
Ec Modulus of elasticity of concrete
ɛcu Maximum compressive strain of concrete
EL Flexural stiffness
Es Modulus of elasticity of steel
fcd Design Compressive strength of concrete in compression
fck Characteristic cylindrical compressive strength of concrete
fctd Tensile strength of concrete
fcu Cubic compressive strength of concrete
fyd Design yield strength of Reinforcement Bar in Tension and Compression

fyk Characteristic strength of Reinforcement Bar in Tension

HCB Hollow Concrete Block
I Second Moment of Inertia
K Equivalent roughness
kT Terrain factor
λ Slenderness ratio xv

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Leff Effective length

Ø Diameter of Reinforcement Bar
Pd Design value
qref Reference mean velocity pressure
r Radius of gyration
RC Reinforced Concrete
S Factor
T Plate thickness
Vm Mean wind velocity

Vref Relative wind velocity factor

X Neutral axis depth
𝜸 Unit Weight
Z Height above the ground
Zmin Minimum height
Zo Roughness length
γc Partial safety factor of concrete
γs Partial safety factor of steel
ρ Density

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
Structural design is a very essential science in many civil engineering works due to the
Essence of safety & economic design is taken into consideration of the construction work.
So, the first thing required to do in all structural design is to insure that the structure will
perform satisfactorily during its design life. The structural part of the building supports the
body of the building preventing it from any collapse or failure. Therefore, structural design
involves the determination of the different sections of the skeletal part of the building to
make it stable and sustainable throughout its design life. It must also optimize the cost
expended in building the structure and maintenance.
This structural design is executed based on the Ethiopian Building Code of Practice
(EBCS) prepared in 1995 E.C. This code follows the Limit State design approach. Limit
state is a state beyond which the structure no longer satisfies the design performance
requirements. It consists of two states namely;
 Ultimate Limit state and

 Serviceability Limit state

Ultimate Limit states are conditions related with collapse or states prior to structural
failure. Its main concern is the safety of structure and people. Serviceability Limit states
are those associated to conditions beyond which a structure does not accomplish specified
service requirements. It is mainly concerned about the function of construction works,
comfort of people, and appearance.
This G+2 building is located in JIJIGA town. It is designed according to EBCS, 1995, as
per the specific condition requirement, to fulfill the required functions and service of its
parts.
The analysis of the structure is done by:-
 Hand calculation

 MS Excel and

 ETABS 18
Slab analysis, stair analysis, and roof analysis, is done by hand calculation & MS Excel.
The remaining beam and column analysis is done by ETABS 18. All the design works are
done using MS Excel.

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1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Due to the curriculum of the school, we learnt designing major components of a building
separately. Because of this most of us do not know how exactly the whole process of
designing a building form ground up is done. We have taken a course on how to work with
ETABS. But, we really do not have full knowledge on how this and other international
analysis and design software’s are used with respect to our national building code, EBCS.
Additionally when we were learning design courses on how to analyze and design
structural components of a building, it was manual. Since manually using hand calculation
is time consuming, we need to know how to change the analysis and design principles and
procedures to simple software’s like MS Excel templates. This project will be handy to
overcome all of the above mentioned problems.
1.3 OBJECTIVES

The general objective of this paper is to familiarize ourselves with the whole process of
designing a building form ground up. In the making of this paper we will be accustomed to
the design methods and procedures followed.

The specific objective can be, we will be familiarized with the codes followed in our
country and will help us in understanding how the codes came in to being. We will also
adapt to software usage which will be most helpful in our field of work.
1.4LITRATURE REVIEW

In order to do this project with great accuracy we will review the following literatures:

Ethiopian Building Code of Standard, EBCS

Building Analysis and Design Books

Lecture notes on analysis and design of building structural components.

ETABS manuals.

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1.5 METHODOLOGY
The methodology followed in the making of the paper is both hand and software
calculation. The major software’s that we are going to use are MS Excel, and ETABS. We
will use MS Excel software for load calculation and design of structural components by
preparing templates according to EBCS. We will use ETABS for the analysis of the
building model in order to get the internal forces of the structural components. Even if all
the calculations can be done using software’s it is highly recommended to check the
efficiency of the software used by doing a hand calculation. Therefore, by taking some
representative samples from different parts of the building we will calculate by hand and
check the results with the one found using software.
1.6 EXCPECTED OUTPUTS
At the end of the final paper we will be able to:
 Designing a building that is finalized and ready for construction

 During the design process we will be accustomed to Ethiopian Codes

 Learn new concepts and thoroughly practice the knowledge that we have on
structural design of building.
1.7 Scope of the project
This project deals about the structural analysis and design of G+2 mixed use building
considering that the internal and external effects according to EBCS 1995 .The first
chapter, is introduction about structural design and methodology with considering state of
the problem ,objective, the expected out puts and also state those the design constants used
for the design of and summery of the project.

The second chapter, covered about over all information about the project including all
details of the building such as AutoCAD plan of each story, column, beam plan and flow
chart.

The their third chapter, focused on design and detailing which include introduction to
different software with their importance of the software and design of structural elements
samples with their tables of the designed project are moment, shear force, figures and
tables in detail.

1.8 Summary of the project

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In this project we should be able to consider

 Introduction, Objective and Scope of the project

 Overall information about the project including details and flow chart

 Design and detailing of the structural elements sample with their shear force and
bending moment figures and tables

 Finally the results conclusion, recommendation and limitation are consider.

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CHAPTER TWO

2.1 Overall information about the Project

Details of the Project

All details of the buildings like

number of storeys,

AutoCAD plan of each storey,

Column beam plan,

Flowchart

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Chapter 3

Design and detailing

3.1 Introduction to the software

AUTOCAD

AUTOCAD can be defined as a commercial computer aided design and drafting software
application.as the use of computer system to assist in the creation, modification
optimization of a design.in this, we can create both 2Dand 3D drawings used in
construction and manufacturing .

Uses of AUTOCAD

 To increase the productivity of the designer

 To improve the quality of design
 To create a database for manufacturing
 To improve communication through documentation

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ETHABS

ETHABS is an engineering software product that caters to multistory building analysis and
design modeling tools and templates, code-based load prescriptions, analysis methods and
solution techniques, all coordinate with the grid-like geometry unique to this class of
structure.

ETABS is used

 for analyze and design of structure

 Output of ETABS
 moment
 Shear force
 Axial load
 The another output of ETABS is show the deformation shape of the structure
 To check our analyze and design

 ETHABS offer a single user interface to perform modeling, analysis, design , and
reporting. These is no limit to the number of model windows, model manipulation
views, and data views.
 Users can view moment diagrams, load assignments, deflected shapes, design output,
and reports all in a single screen.
 It has a wide selection of templates for starting a new model quickly.at this model
template stage, you have the ability to define grid and grid spacing, the number of
stories, the default structural system sections default slab and drop panel sections and
uniform loads.

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3.2 Hipped roof design

Our Roof is considered as hipped roof. The external pressure coefficient depends on the
size of loaded area A. and as per EBCS code it is given

3.2.1 WIND LOAD DESIGN

Cpe=Cpe 1 A<1m2

Cpe = Cpe,10 A>10m2

Cpe =Cpe,10 +( Cpe,10 - Cpe 1 )log A) 1m2<A<10m2

 Reference height: h=Ze=(0.6m)

b
 e { =which ever is smaller ,b → cross wind dimenstion
2h
 A latitude above mean see level at JIJIGA = 1650m
 Terrain category=Ⅳ
 There are two direction of wind on the roof
 Wind perpendicular to the ridge (θ =00)
 Wind parallel to the ridge (θ =900)
oppsite 2.3
θ =00 tan-1 = tan-1 =18.18 ≈ 180
adjusent 7

oppsite 2.3
θ =900 tan-1 = tan-1 =24.65≈ 250
ad jusent 5.015

figure 3.2.1 wind direction @ 00 and 900

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Case 1 Wind perpendicular to the ridge (θ =00)

e =b=20.2m

figure 3.2.2 wind direction perpendicular to the ridge θ=¿ 00

oppsite 7
tan∝= = ∝ tan-1 =54.38
adjusent 5.015

x =
β +α + 90=180 β =180-90-54.38=35.62 = tan β = tan-1 x= tan β *2.02=1.45
2.02

Area

F = [ 5.0∗2.02 ] − [ 1
2 ]
∗2.02∗1.45 =8.74 m 2<10m2

G= (10.1∗2.02 )=20.05 m2>10m2

H=
[ 1
2 ( ( (
∗4.98∗ 12.875+ 10.17+ 10.17−
7
20.2 )))] = 49.78 m2>10m2

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I=
[ 1
2 ]
∗4.98∗( 0.206+ 9.82 ) =24.97 ≈ 25 m 2>10m2

J=2.02∗4.89=10.06=10.06∗2=20.12m 2<10m2

1
k = ∗( 10.17+2.02 )∗2.02=30.68 m2>10m2
2

L=( 4.98+5.05 )∗2.02=20.26 m2>10m2

1
M = ( 14.−2.02 )∗5.05=30.29 m2>10m2
2

Since α₀=180 applying interpolation b/n 50and 150 on the Ebcs-1 1995 page 78 table 1-1,we
have cpe value for θ =00 &900

Table 3.2.1 Cpe value of α₀=180

Zone F G H I J L M N
Cpe10 -0.82 -0.74 -0.28 -0.48 -0.94 -1.06 -1.4 -0.64
0.26 0.3 0.24 - - - - -
Cpe1 -1.9 -0.9 -0.28 -0.48 -1.44 -1.7 -2 0.72
0.26 0.3 0.24 - - - - -
External wind pressure (We)

We=qref* ce(ze)*cpi
Qref = ρ/2* Vref2 Vref =Cdir*Ctem*Call*Vref, ₀

From EBCS→Cdir-direct coefficient=1

→Crem-Temporary coefficient=1

→Call-altitude coefficient=1

→Vref, ₀-reference wind velocity=22m/sec

Vref=1*1*1+22=22m/sec

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As our project place in jigjiga we have an altitude assumed to be

=1650m (Above mean sea level)

@1500=1.12 by using interpolation we qel ρx

@1650=x ρ air=1.066

@2000=0.94

ρ 1.066
Qref= ∗V ref2= ∗( 22 )2=0.25797 kpa
2 2

Exposure coefficient at reference height (Ce (z))

From EBCS -1

 JIGJIGA terrain category four (IV)

 Kt(terrain factor)=0.24
 Zmin=16m for terrain category IV
 Z₀=1
Z < Zmin
12.85 < 16m
Roughness coefficient (Cr (z))

Cr (z) =Kt+Ln (z/ze)

 Z<Zmin : For Zmin ≤ Z ≤ 200m

10.6<16m
Cr(z)=Cr(Zmin)
Cr (z) =kt*Ln (z/z₀)

 Cr(min)=Cr(z)=kt*Ln(Zmin/Z₀)
=0.24*Ln (16/1) =0.67=Cr (Zmin) = Cr (16) =Cr (10.6)

 Topography coefficient (Ct)

→Ct=1(Topography coefficient for φ≤0.05)
7∗Kt
→Ct (16) =Cr2 (z)*(Ct) 2(z) +1+ ¿
Cr ( z )∗Ct ( z )

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=0.672(16)*12(16)* 1+[ 7∗0.24

0.67 ( 16 )∗1(16) ]
=1.575

We= qref*Ce (Zmin)*Cpe

=0.2536*1.575*Cpe
=0.3995Cpe
We=0.4Cpe , We → external wind pressure
we=0.4*Cpe

Table 3.2.2 value of external wind pressure

Zone F G H I J K L M
Area() 8.74 20.4 49.78 25 20.12 30.68 20.26 30.25
Cpe -0.96 -0.74 -0.28 -0.480 -0.94 -1.06 -1.4 -0.64
0.26 0.3 0.24 - - - - -
We -0.28 -0.296 -0.112 -0.192 -0.376 -0.424 -0.56 -0.256
0.104 0.12 0.096 - - - - -

3.2.2 Internal wind pressure (WI)

Wi=qref*Ce(ze)*CPi

Cpi= {−0.5
0.8
→ for closed building is partition wall∧opening }

Wi=0.25797+1.575+(0.8)=0.3 Wi=+0.32
Wi=0.2536+1.573+(-0.5)=-0.2 Wi=-0.2
Summary of wind load on hipped roof
Maximum –ve pressure Maximum +ve pressure Resultant pressure
External Internal External Internal External Internal
-0.56 -0.2 0.12 0.32 -0.88 0.32
Table 3.2.3 Summary of wind load on hipped roof

;- wind pressure on the roof -up ward=-0.88KN - Down ward=0.32KN/m

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Case -2 Wind parallel to the ridge (wind direction θ=90⁰)00

Figure 3.2.3 wind direction parallel to the ridge θ=¿ 900

b=14m α90⁰=18⁰

e=b=14m e =14=b

tan β 1=
opp
=
7
adj 5.015
→ β=tan
−1 7
(
5.015 )
=54.5 °

β1=β2→by corresponding interior angel

x
tan β 2= →=1.4 tan ( 54.5 )=1.95
0.995

Area

 F=(3.5*1.4)-(1/2+1.95*1.4)=3.535m2<10m2
 G=(7*1.4)=9.82m2<10m2
 H=1/2(5.015*14)-(2*F*G)=18.69m2>10m2
 I= ½*(11.2*3.615)= 20.24m2<10m2

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 J=1/2*(14*7)- (1/2*11.2*3.615) =28.76m2>10m2

 L=1.4*7= 9.8m2<10m2
 M=1/2*5.6*5.6= 15.68m2<10m2
 N=(6.2*7)+(1/2*7*7)=67.9m2>10m2
Since α90⁰=25⁰, applying interpolation on theEBCS,1: 1995 page 78 tabie1:1 we have
Cpe1&Cpe10 value for θ=0⁰&θ=900

Zone F G H I J L M N
Cpe10 -0.63 -0.6 -0.233 -0.433 -0.8 -1.4 -0.73 -0.23
0.4 0.533 0.33 - - - - -
Cpe1 -1.67 -0.5 -0.233 -0.433 -1.3 -2 -1.2 -0.233
0.4 0.533 0.333 - - - - -
Table 3.2.4 External wind pressure coefficient

Zone F G H I J L M N
Area 3.53 9.8 18.23 20.24 28.76 9.8 15.67 67.9
cpe -1.1 -0.6 -0.23 -0.433 -0.8 -0.73 -0.73 -0.23
0.4 0.53 0.33 - - - - -
We -0.44 -0.24 -0.09 -0.17 -0.32 -0.29 -0.29 -0.09
0.16 0.21 0.133 - - - - -
Table 3.2.5 Internal wind pressure (for θ=90⁰)
Wi=qref*Ce(zi)*Cpi
Wi = 0.2536*1.575*0.8= 0.32
Wi= 0.2536*1.575*(0.5) = -0.2
Summary of wind load on hipped roof
Table 3.2.6 Summary of wind load on hipped roof
Maximum –ve pressure Maximum +ve pressure Resultant pressure
External Internal External Internal External Internal
-0.56 -0.2 0.12 0.32 -0.88 0.416

From table resultant of the roof -up ward=-0.88KN - Down

ward=0.41KN/m

3.2.2 Roof covering design

Choosing Ega-500 from the industry manual

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 Unit weight =3.14kg/m

 Section modules (Sx) =3756m2
 Moment of inertia (Ixx) = 79972mm4/m
 Allowable stress (δall) =160Mpa
 Modulus of Elasticity =210,000Mps
 Thickness of Ega -500=0.5mm
→Own weight (Dead Load) (DL)
M ∗Q
DL=
A Where: M→ weight of CIS sheet

Q→ quality =10m/sec2

A → b*w (effective area)

W→ (effective width =712mm)

3.84∗10
DL= =0.053 KN /m2(Load on Ega per meter square)
1000∗0.712

→Live Load (LL)

AS per EBCS:1, 1995: Sec 2.6.3.4.2

 Distributed Load (qk) = 0.25KN/m2

 Concentrated load (Qk)=1KN
# Equivalent distributed load for concentrated load along effective width (for purlin
spacing=0.9)

 For concentrated (θt)

QK 1
P= = =1.404 KN /m
Effective width 0.712

 Maximum Moment (Mmax)

PL 1.404∗1.25
Mmax¿ = =0.439 KN /m
4 4

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 For distributed load (qk=0.25KN/m2)

 Maximum moment (Mmax)
WL 0.25∗(1.25)
Mmax¿ = =0.049KN/m
8 8
# By comparing the two Results, the concentrated load and therefore it was adopted for
design

 Components of live dead load

i. Perpendicular to CIS sheet for α=18⁰
 DL(GK)=Gk*cos α=0.053∗cos 18=0.05 KN / m2
 LL(QK)=QK*cos α=1.404∗cos 18=1.335 KN /m2
ii. Parallel to CIS sheet for α=18⁰
 DL(QK)=GK*sin α=0.053∗sin 18=0.016 KN /m 2
 LL(QK)=GK*sin α=1.404∗sin 18=0.434 KN / m2
iii. Perpendicular to CIS sheet for α=25⁰
 DL(GK)=GK*cos α=0.053∗cos 25=0.048 KN /m2
 LL(QK)=QK*cos α=1.404∗cos 25=1.27 KN / m2
iv. Parallel to CIS sheet for α=25⁰
 DL(QK)=GKsin α=0.053∗sin 25 °=0.022 KN /m2
 LL(QK)=QKsin α =1.404∗sin 25 °=0.59 KN /m2

Load combination
# As per EBCS:1, 1995 section 1.9.4.3 Table 1.2 safety factor for favorable and
unfavorable condition

γg=¿ 0.9→ favorable condition for permanent load

γg=¿1.3→for unfavorable condition for permanent load

γq=¿ 1.6→for live load and wind load

Case: 1, unfavorable permanent live load

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Pd=1.3GK+1.6QK

=1.3(0.05)+1.6(1.33)

=(0.065 KN/m2) + (2.128 KN/m)multiply both by effective width of Ega sheet

= (0.065*0.712) KN/m+ (2.128 *0.712) KN

Pd =0.0463KN/m+1.515KN

 Mmax= WL2/8+PL/4
=0.0436*(1.25)2/8 +1.515*(1.25)/4
=0.009+0.473=0.483KN/m
Case: 2, favorable load combination

Pd =0.9GK+1.6QK QK=wind load= -0.88KN/m2

=[0.9*(0.05)+1.6+(-0.88]* effective width

=-1.363*(0.712)

Pd =-0.97KN/m

Mmax=WL2/8=-0.97*(1.25)2/8=-0.175 KN/m

 From the above we have maximum moment on case:1

Mmax=0.483KN/m
Checking for capacity of EGA-500 sheet

 Allowable stress = 160Mpa

 Actual stress=Mmax/Sx=(0.483*103/3756*10-6)=128.59Mpa
 Actual stress<Allowable stress = 117.4Mpa < 160Mpa---OK!
Checking for deflection of EGA–500 Sheet

 Allowable deflection, ∆all=span/200=900/200=4.5mm

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1 1
200=safety factor ,
200 500

 Actual deflection, ∆act=5*WL4/584EI+PL3/48EI

∆act = [5*0.463*(1250)4 /384*210,000*79972] +[1.515*(1250)3*1000/48*210,000*79972]
=3.73mm

 ∆act=1.86mm<∆all=4.5m----------OK!
3.1.3. DESIGN OF PURLIN

 Choosing
 Nominal size of zigba purlin = 5cm*7cm
 Nominal timber grade =F7
 Area =3.5*103mm2
 Moment of inertia, IХ=1.43mm3(106)
IУ=0.729mm2(106)
 Section modules ,SХ=0.0408mm3(106)
SУ=0.029mm3(106)
→From EBCS:1 unit wafat of zigba =6KN/m2

 Weight of EGA -500 =0.053KN/m2, for 1.25m purlin spacing

 Katter spacing =1.2m
 Weight of EGA on purlin per meter =0.053*1.25=0.066 KN/m
 Live load from EGA on to purlin =1.404KN/m
# Dead load of zigba purlin=6*0.07*0.05*cos 18 =0.02KN/m

=6*0.07*0.07*sin 18=0.019KN/m

=6*0.07*0.05*cos 25 =0.0065KN/m

=6*0.07*0.05*sin 25=0.0089 KN/m

 Take Max load as dead load of zigba purlin=0.02KN/m

 Total load on purlin

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DL=in passed load + self-weight of purlin

DL=0.066+0.02=0.0861KN/m
 LL from EGA -500, LL= 1.404KN/m
Load combination pd= 1.3DL+1.6LL =( 1.3*0.086)+(1.6*1.404) =2.36KN/m
Wx=pdx=2.36*sin180=0.792 KN/m parallel
Wy pdy =2.36*cos180=2.244KN/m perpendicular
Maximum moment
→Mmax,x =WxL2/8=0.729*(1.2)2/8=0.131KN/m
→Mmax,У=WУL2/8=2.244*(1.2)2/8=0.404KN/m
Maximum shear force (reaction )
→Vx=WxL/2=0.729*(1.2)/2=0.437KN
→VУ=WУL/2=2.244*(1.2)/2=1.346KN

Check the Adequacy of the section for the given load size of purlin

 Check for stress of purlin

Y=(1/500*h)…………for safety
Y=(1/500)*h=7/500=0.014
δ max =(Mmax,y)/Ix*y=0.404*0.014*103/1.43*(106)=3.955Mpa

;- 3.955Mpa< 7 Mpa ………OK

 Deflection requirement
 EBCS:3, 1995 Allowable deflection
∆all =1500/500=3.00mm
For dead load
Actual defection ∆act=5*W*L4/384EI=5*0.88*(1.2)4*103/384*11.72*1.43=1.42mm

For live load ∆act=5*1.404*(1.2)4*103/384*11.72*1.43=2.3mm

Deflection load =1.42mm<2.4mm (Allowable deflection & 2.26 < 2.4mm…OK!

3.1.4. DESIGN OF RAFTER (EUCALYPTUS TRUSS)

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From EBCS:5 1995 page 86

 Grade of timber F14 hard wood

 Size of F14 grade of timber (160mm*30mm)
From EBCS: 1

 Unit weight of eucalyptus =8.5KN/m3

 Chipped unit weight =8kN/m3
 Chipped wood size 40cm*40cm
Material property

 Area =8*103
 Ix=1.6mm2(106)
 Iy=90mm2(106)
 Purlin spacing =1.2m
Load from purlin WL/2=2.36*1.2/2=1.416KN/m

 Uniform load =1.416/0.712=1.988KN/m

 Height of truss=2.3m-40mm-6mm =2254mm=2.254mm
Purlin thickness = 40mm

Figure 3.2.4 design of Eucalyptus truss

TotalLength(L)=(2*1)+(10*1.2)+(20224)+(2*1.05)+(10*1.26)+(2*0.32)+(2*0.7)+(2*1.0
89)+(2*1.475)+2*1.86)+(2*1.24)+(2*1.62)+(2*1.9)+(2*2.21)= 58.6m

 Own weight of eucalyptus =size of eucalyptus to unit weight *cos180

=0.16*0.03*8.5*cos180=0.0388KN

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 Total weight of truss eucalyptus =0.0388*58.6 =2.274KN

 Weight of chip wood ceiling =0.4*0.4*0.008*8*cos180=0.00974KN
 Weight of chip wood per meter =0.00974/0.4=0.0244KN/m
Design load for rafter (Pd)
Pd=1.3*(0.0244+0.0388)+1.972=2.058KN/m

Figure 3.2.5 shear force and bending moment diagram

Mmax =7.55KN/m
 Checking for stress of rafter
Y=h/2=0.3/2=0.15m
14 14
δmax =My/I Putin=7.55*0.15*103/90= 12.58 Mpa < F14( = =13.86)
γt 1.01
δmax =10.12<13.86Mpa………………………..OK!!!
 The section is ad equated

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3.2.2 Design of solid sla

3.2.2.1 Slab layouts

Figure 3.2.6

There are two types of slabs based on the load transferring mechanisms. These are one way
and two way slabs. If Ly/Lx>2 one way and Ly/Lx≤2 two way where Ly is longer span
and Lx is shorter span.

One way slab transmit their load in one direction while two way slabs resist applied load in
two directions.

These types of slabs are composed of rectangular panels supported at all four edges by
beams and are stiff enough to be treated as unyielding.

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The reinforcement bar, in one way slab, main steel is provided along with short span only
and the load is transferred to two opposite supports and in two-way slab, main steel is
provided in both directions.

3.2.2 Computation of Depth for deflection

Depth for deflection, d is

d≥(0.4+0.6fyk400)×Le/βa, EBCS-2,1995

Where; d = minimum depth for deflection in mm

βa= the appropriate constant which is a function of the boundary condition and span
ratio.

fyk = the characteristic strength of the reinforcement bar (Mpa)

Le = the effective span, for two way slab the shorter span (m)

Panel

Ly(mm)

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Lx(mm)

Ly
(mm)
LX

Ba

¿
d=0.85( Ba ¿

Support condition

c1,c2.c3.c4,c5

1.8

2.2

12

127.5

p1,p2,p3,p4,p5

5.4

1.35

36.5

93015
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p6.p7,p8,p9,p10

5.4

1.35

41

81093

c6,c7,c8,c9,c10

1.4

2.86

12

99017

Table 3.2.2.1 depth determination

Over all depth, D

D=d+ cover+ Ǿ/2

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10
D=127.5+15+ =147.5mm =150mm
2

D=150mm

3.2.3 Load Calculation

i. Sectional (detail) elevation of floor slabs

Floor finishing (variable)

50cm cement screed

150 Rc slab

20mm plastering

Live load with the function and finishing material

No Function Live load FinishingM Thickness(cm) Unitweight

1, ware house 5 kN/m2 Porcline 2 cm 21(kN/m3)
2, Toilet 2 kN/m2 Ceramic 2 cm 21(kN/m3)
3, Shop 5 kN/m2 Porcline 2cm 21(kN/m3)
4, Internet café 3 kN/m2 Porcline 2 cm 21(kN/m3)
5, Cafe&restaurant 3 kN/m2 Porcline 2 cm 21(kN/m3)
6. Meeting hall 4 kN/m2 Porcline 2 cm 21(kN/m3)

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7, Office 5 kN/m2 Porcline 2 cm 21(kN/m3)

8, Manager office 5 kN/m2 Porcline 2 cm 21(kN/m3)
9, Pool office 5 kN/m2 Porcline 2 cm 21(kN/m3)
10, Corridor 3 kN/m2 Pvc tiles 2 cm 16(kN/m3)
Table 3.2.3.1 Live load with the function

Dead load computation based on function of room.

Function Material Thickness Unit weight load TotalDeadload

Toilet Ceramic 0.02 21 (kN/m3) 0.42
Cementscreed 0.05 23(kN/m3) 1.15
Rc slab 0.15 24(kN/m3) 3.6 5.63 (kN/m2)
plastering 0.02 23(kN/m3) 0.46

Corridor Pvc tile 0.02 16(kN/m3) 0.32

Sementscreed 0.05 23(kN/m3) 1.15 5.53(kN/m2)
Rc slab 0.15 24(kN/m3) 3.36
plastering 0.02 23(kN/m3) 0.46
Shop, were Porciline 0.02 21(kN/m3) 0.42
house, hall, Sementscreed 0.05 23(kN/m3) 1.15 5.63(kN/m2)
office ,café Rc slab 0.15 24(kN/m3) 3.6
plastering 0.02 23(kN/m3) 0.46
Table 3.2.3.2 Dead load computation

Design load Pd=1.3DL+1.6LL First floor

Panel Dead load Live load PD

C1,2,3,4 5.63(kN/m2) 5(kN/m2) 15.32(kN/m2)
C5 5.63(kN/m2) 2(kN/m2) 10.52(kN/m2)
C6,7,8,9 5.63(kN/m2) 5(kN/m2) 15.19(kN/m2)
C10 5.63(kN/m2) 3(kN/m2) 12.12(kN/m2)
P1,2,3,4 5.63(kN/m2) 5(kN/m2) 15.32(kN/m2)
P5 5.63(kN/m2) 5(kN/m2) 15.32(kN/m2)

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P6 5.63(kN/m2) 5(kN/m2) 15.32(kN/m2)

P7 5.63(kN/m2) 3(kN/m2) 12.12(kN/m2)
P8 5.63(kN/m2) 5(kN/m2) 15.32(kN/m2)
P9,10 5.63(kN/m2) 3(kN/m2) 12.12(kN/m2)
Table 3.2.3.3 Design load for first floor

Panel Dead load Live load PD

C1,2,3,4 5.63(kN/m2) 5(kN/m2) 15.32(kN/m2)
C5 5.63(kN/m2) 2(kN/m2) 10.53(kN/m2)
C7 5.63(kN/m2) 4(kN/m2) 13.72(kN/m2)
C8,9,10 5.63(kN/m2) 5(kN/m2) 15.32(kN/m2)
C6 5.63(kN/m2) 5(kN/m2) 15.32(kN/m2)
P1,2,3,4 5.63(kN/m2) 5(kN/m2) 15.32(kN/m2)
P5 5.63(kN/m2) 5(kN/m2) 15.32(kN/m2)
P6 5.63(kN/m2) 5(kN/m2) 15.32(kN/m2)
P7 5.63(kN/m2) 4(kN/m2) 13.72(kN/m2)
P8,9,10 5.63(kN/m2) 5(kN/m2) 15.32(kN/m2)
Table 3.2.3.4 Design load for second floor
Partition wall dead load computation
Material data
 Thickness of HCB=200mm&100mm
 Thickness of plastering on two side=20mm
 Unit weight of HCB=14 KN/m3
 Unit weight of plastering =23 KN/m3
 Height of wall =2.35 for first floor and
=3.05m for second floor
Dead load of partition wall = Dead load of plaster + Dead load of HCB
𝐷.𝐿𝑝𝑤 = 𝐷.𝐿𝑃l + 𝐷.𝐿𝐻𝐶𝐵

First floor

D.Lpw (KN)(200mm) = (2.35*LpH*0.2*14)+(2.35*Lpl*0.02*23)=7.66*Lpw

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D.Lpw (KN)(100mm)=2.35*LpH*0.1*14)+2.35*Lpl*0.02*23)=4.37*Lpw

Second floor

D.Lpw (KN)(200mm) = (3.05*LpH*0.2*14)+(3.05*Lpl*0.02*23)=9.94*Lpw

D.Lpw (KN)(100mm)=(3.05*LpH*0.1*14)+(3.05 *Lpl*0.02*23)=5.76*Lpw

D . Lpw ( KN )
Therefore D.LPW (KN/m2) =
Area of panels

HPL, tP, LPL, γPL = Height, Thickness, Length and Unit Weight of plastering,
respectively.
HPL, tP, LPL, γPL = Height, Thickness, Length and Unit Weight of HCB, respectively.
Dead Load of partition wall in first floor

Panel Length(m) D.Lpw=7.66*Lpw Area(m2) Dlpw

D.Lpw=
area
C1 1.8 13.78 7.2 1.9(KN/m2)
C6 1.1 8.42 5.6 1.5(KN/m2)
P1 4.99 38.22 21.6 1.76(KN/m2)
P2 3.9 29.87 21.6 1.38(KN/m2)
P3,4 3.6 27.57 21.6 1.27(KN/m2)
P6 5.2 39.8 21.6 1.8(KN/m2)
P10 2.3 17.6 21.6 0.8(KN/m2)
P7,8,9 3.6 27.5 21.6 1.27(KN/m2)
D.Lpw=4.37*Lpw
C5 7.4 32.34 7.2 4.49(KN/m2)
P5 8.7 38.01 21.6 1.76(KN/m2)
Table 3.2.3.5 Dead Load of partition wall in first floor

Dead Load of partition wall in second floor

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Panel Length(m) D.Lpw=9.94*Lpw Area(m2) Dlpw

D.Lpw=
area
C6 4.5 44.7 5.6 7.98(kN/m2)
P1 4.99 49.6 21.6 2.29(kN/m2)
P2,3 3.9 38.76 21.6 1.79(kN/m2)
P4 4 39.76 21.6 1.89(kN/m2)
P6 5.2 51.68 21.6 2.39(kN/m2)
D.Lpw=5.67*Lpw
C5 7.4 41.96 7.2 5.82(kN/m2)
P5 8.7 49.3 21.6 2.28(kN/m2)
Table 3.2.3.6 Dead Load of partition wall in second floor

Summary of Imposed load

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Case - I
will use
coefficient
method for
panels
surrounded by
beams in all
four directions

and for panels which have uniform load across the panel. For checking the uniformity of
the load applied on a panel we will check whether 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑∗100%PD" <20%

𝑃𝐷=𝑃𝐷′+1.3 , 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃𝐷’ = 1.3𝐷𝐿+1.6𝐿𝐿

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Case II: - If the panel is one way cantilever we will use cantilever beam modeling method
by considering 1m strip of the slab along the longer direction

Case III: - Strip method will be used either for panels where 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑∗100%PD" ≥20% or
if we have opening within the panel or if the panel is two way cantilever.

Method to be used in calculating moment & shear of panels in typical first floors

panel

Supportcondition

Pd’(kN/m2)

DLpw

DLpw(kN)

pd

Method use

C1

Onewaycantilever

15.32

1.9

12.4

17.79

onewaycantilever

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C2

Onewaycantilever

15.32

15.32

15.32

Onewaycantilever

C3

Onewaycantilever

15.32

15.32

15.32

Onewaycantilever

C4

Onewaycantilever

15.32

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15.32

15.32

onewaycantilever

C5

Onewaycantilever

10.55

4.49

42.55

17.1

Onewaycantilever

P1

Exterior

15.32

1.76

11.48

18.14

coefficient

P2

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Interior

15.32

1.38

17.11

coefficient

P3

Interior

15.32

1.27

8.29

18.83

Coefficient

P4

Interior

15.32

1.27

8.29

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18.33

Coefficient

P5

Exterior

15.32

1.76

11.49

17.61

Coefficient

P6

Exterior

15.32

1.8

11.75

17.66

Coefficient

P7

Interior

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12.17

1.27

10.48

13.77

Coefficient

P8

Interior

15.32

1.27

8.29

17.65

Coefficient

P9

Interior

12.12

1.27

10.48

13.77

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Coefficient

P10

Exterior

12.12

0.8

6.6

13.16

coefficient

C6

Onewaycantilever

15.19

1.8

11.85

17.53

Onewaycantilever

C7

Onewaycantilever

15.19

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15.19

Onewaycantilever

C8

Onewaycantilever

15.19

15.19

Onewaycantilever

C9

Onewaycantilever

15.19

15.19

Onewaycantilever

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C10

Onewaycantilever

12.12

12.12

onewaycantilever

Table 3.2.3.7

Method to be used in calculating moment & shear of panels in typical second floors

panel

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S.C

Pd’(kN/m

DLpw

DLpw(kN)

pd

Method use

C1
Onewaycantilever

15.32
-
-
15.32
onewaycantileve
C2
Onewaycantilever

15.32
-
-
15.32
onewaycantilever
C3
Onewaycantilever

15.32
-
-
15.32

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onewaycantilever
C4
Onewaycantilever

15.32
-
-
15.32
onewaycantilever
C5
Onewaycantilever

10.55
5.82
55
18.12
onewaycantilever
P1
Exterior

15.32
2.29
14.98
18.29
Coefficient
P2
Interior

15.32
1.79
11.68
17.86
Coefficient
P3

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Interior

15.32
1.79
11.68
17.86
Coefficient
P4
Interior

15.32
1.79
11.68
17.86
Coefficient
P5
Exterior

15.32
1.89
12.31
17.86
Coefficient
P6
Exterior

15.32
2.39
-
18.42
Coefficient
P7
Interior

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12.12
-
-
12.12
Coefficient
P8
Interior

15.32
-
-
15.32
Coefficient
P9
Interior

12.12
-
-
12.12
Coefficient
P10
Exterior

12.12
-
-
12.12
Coefficient
C6
Onewaycantilever

15.19
7.98

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52.5
25.56
onewaycantilever
C7
Onewaycantilever

15.19
-
-
15.19
onewaycantilever
C8
Onewaycantilever

15.19
-
-
15.19
onewaycantilever
C9
Onewaycantilever

15.19
-
-
15.19
onewaycantilever
C10
Onewaycantilever

12.12
-
-
12.12

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onewaycantilever
Table 3.2.3.8 Moment and shear calculating for second floor

3.2.2.4 Moment Analysis of slab

Moment Calculation for Two way slab using coefficient method

The first stage of design is to determine support and span moments for all panels,are
calculated as

𝑴𝒊=𝜶𝒊𝑷𝒅𝑳𝒙 , EBCS-2, 1995, Page 108

Where Mi = Design moment per unite width of reference

Pd = Uniformly Distributed Design Load

𝜶I = Coefficient given in table A-1 as a function of 𝐿𝑦/𝐿𝑥 and Support condition.

𝑀𝑥𝑠=𝛼𝑋𝑆∗𝑃𝑑∗𝐿𝑥 2

𝑀𝑥𝑓=𝛼𝑋𝑓∗𝑃𝑑∗𝐿𝑥 2
𝑀𝑦𝑠=𝛼𝑦𝑆∗𝑃𝑑∗𝐿𝑥 2
𝑀𝑦𝑓=𝛼𝑦𝑓∗𝑃𝑑∗𝐿𝑥2

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Moment Calculation for Two way slab using coefficient method for first
floor

pane S. Lx PdV Lx2 Αxs Αxf αys αyf mxs mxf mys My
l c f
P1 3 1.3 16 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 18.8 14.2 11.3 8.7
5 18.1 5 9 9 6 2 1 1
4
P2 1 1.3 17.1 16 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 13.1 9.85 8.76 6.5
5 1 8 6 2 4 4 7
P3 1 1.3 18.8 16 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 14.4 10.8 9.64 7.2
5 3 8 6 2 4 6 4 3
P4 1 1.3 18.8 16 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 14.4 10.8 9.64 7.2
5 3 8 6 2 4 6 4 3
P5 3 1.3 17.6 16 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 18.3 13.8 10.9 8.4
5 1 5 9 9 1 8 5
P6 3 1.3 17.6 16 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 18.3 13.8 11.0 8.4
5 6 5 9 9 6 4 1 7
P7 1 1.3 13.7 16 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 10.5 7.93 7.05 5.2
5 7 8 6 2 4 7 8
P8 1 1.3 17.6 16 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 13.5 10.2 9.01 6.7
5 1 8 6 2 4 2 3 8
P9 1 1.3 13.7 16 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 10.5 7.93 7.05 5.2
5 1 8 6 2 4 7 8
P10 3 1.3 13.1 16 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 13.2 10.3 8.2 6.3
5 6 5 9 9 6 1
Table 3.2.2.4.1 moment calculation coefficient method first floor

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Moment adjustment for typical first floor 3.2.7

Moment Calculation Two way slab using coefficient method for second
floor

pane S. Lx Pd(kn/ Lx αxs αxf αys αyf Mxs mxf mys My

l c m) 2
f
P1 3 1.3 18.29 16 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 19.0 14.3 11.4 8.7
5 5 9 9 2 4 1 7
P2 1 1.3 17.88 16 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 13.7 10.2 9.15 6.8
5 8 6 2 4 3 9 6
P3 1 1.3 17.85 16 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 13.7 10.2 9.13
5 8 6 2 4 8
P4 1 1.3 17.85 16 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 13.7 10.2 9.13
5 8 6 2 4 8
P5 3 1.3 17.78 16 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 18.4 13.9 11.0
5 5 9 9 9 4 9
P6 3 1.3 18.42 16 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 19.1 14.4 11.4
5 5 9 9 5 4 9
P7 1 1.3 12.12 16 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 9.31 6.98 6.21

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5 8 6 2 4
P8 1 1.3 15.32 16 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 11.7 8.82 7.74
5 8 6 2 4 6
P9 1 1.3 12.12 16 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 9.31 6.98 6.21
5 8 6 2 4
P10 3 1.3 12.12 16 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 12.1 9.5 7.56
5 5 9 9 2
Table 3.2.2.4.2 moment calculation coefficient method second floor

Moment adjustment for second floor 3.2.8

Moment calculation for one way Cantilever slab

Material data

Thickness of HCB=200mm

Thickness plastering on two side=20mm

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Unit weight of HCB=14KN/m3

Unit weight of plastering=23 KN/m3

Height of wall=2.35m for first floor and 3.05m for second floor

Load from external wall = (Hpl * tpl * 𝜸pl) + (HHCB * tHCB * 𝜸HCB)

Load from external wall for first floor

D.L ex = (0.2m x 2.35m x 14 KN/m3) + (0.02m x 2.35m x 23 KN/m3) =7.66 kN/m

Load from external wall for second floor

D.L ex = (0.2m x 3.05m x 14 KN/m3) + (0.02m x 3.05m x 23 KN/m3) =9.94 kN/m

Taking 1m strip of the slab in the shorter direction

Then Mxs=Dlex*Lx*pd*(Lx/2)2

 Computing the values in a tabular form for first floor

Panel Lx (Lx/2)2 Pd (KN/m) Dlex (KN) Mxs(KN/m)
C1 1.8 0.81 17.29 7.66 28.19
C2 1.8 0.81 15.32 7.66 26.19
C3 1.8 0.81 15.32 7.66 26.19
C4 1.8 0.81 15.32 7.66 27.71
C5 1.8 0.81 17.1 7.66 17.17
C6 1.4 0.49 17.53 - 14.88

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C7 1.4 0.49 15.19 - 14.88

C8 1.4 0.49 15.19 - 14.88
C9 1.4 0.49 15.19 - 14.88
C10 1.4 0.49 12.12 - 11.87
Table 3.2.2.4.3 Computing the values in a tabular form for first floor

 Computing the values in a tabular form for second floor

Panel Lx (Lx/2)2 Pd (KN/m) Dlex (KN) Mxs(KN/m)
C1 1.8 0.81 15.32 9.94 30.23
C2 1.8 0.81 15.32 9.94 30.23
C3 1.8 0.81 15.32 9.94 30.23
C4 1.8 0.81 15.32 9.94 30.23
C5 1.8 0.81 18.12 9.94 32.56
C6 1.4 0.49 25.56 9.94 26.44
C7 1.4 0.49 15.19 9.94 21.35
C8 1.4 0.49 15.19 9.94 21.35
C9 1.4 0.49 15.19 9.94 21.35
C10 1.4 0.49 12.12 9.94 9.85
Table 3.2.2.4.4 Computing the values in a tabular form for second floor
3.2.4 Adjustment of Support and Span Moment

Support moment adjustment

There are two cases.

Case 1 – If MR-MLMR * 100 < 20% then Md = MR+ML2 , MR>ML

Case 2 – If MR-MLMR * 100 > 20% then Distribute unbalanced moment MD=MR-ML
based on relative stiffness…. MR > ML

Md = MR-(KR/ KR+KL)*ΔM……………………………..Considering right

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Md = MR+(KR/KR+KL)*ΔM…………………………......Considering Left
we will use a tabular method to calculate the moment adjustment for both Method I and
Method II. First floor
B/n MR ML ΔM (KR/KR+KL) KR/KR+KL)*ΔM Md(KN/m)
panel
P1&p2 18.86 13.14 5.72 0.5 2085 16
P1 p6& 11.35 11.03 0.3 0.5 0.15 11.19
P2&p3 14.46 13.14 1.32 0.5 0.66 13.81
P2&p7 8.78 7.05 1.71 0.5 0.85 7.9
P6&p7 18.36 10.57 7.79 0.5 3.89 14.4
P7&p8 13.52 10.57 2.95 0.5 1.48 12.05
P3&p8 9.64 9.01 0.63 0.5 0.35 9.3
P3&p4 14.46 14.46 - 0.5 - -
P4&p9 18.31 14.46 3.85 0.5 1.92 16.38
P4&p5 9.46 7.05 2.59 0.5 1.29 8.4
P5&p10 10.98 8.27 2.78 0.5 1.39 9.26
P8&p9 13.52 10.57 2.95 0.5 1.47 12.04
P9&p10 13.26 10.57 2.69 0.5 1.34 11.6
Table 3.2.4.1 moment adjustment for first floor
Since panel’s c1-c10 is cantilevers, we will take the maximum moment as distributed moment
between the cantilever & their respective panels connected to them.
Therefore, c1-p1=Md=28.19KN/m
c2-p2=Md=26.19KN/m
c3-p4 =Md=26.19KN/m
c4-p4 =Md=26.19KN/m
c5-p5 =Md=27.71KN/m
c6-p6 =Md=17.17KN/m
c7-p7 =Md=14.88KN/m
c8-p8 =Md=14.88KN/m
c9-p9 =Md=14.88KN/m
c10-p10 =Md=11.87KN/m
we will use a tabular method to calculate the moment adjustment for both Method I
and Method II. second floor

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B/npanel MR ML ΔM (KR/KR+KL) KR/KR+KL)*ΔM Md(KN/m)

P1&p2 19.02 13.73 5.29 0.5 2.65 16.37
P1 p6& 11.49 11.41 0.08 0.5 0.04 11.45
P2&p3 13.73 13.7 0.03 0.5 0.015 13.71
P2&p7 9.15 6.21 2.94 0.5 1.47 7.68
P6&p7 19.15 9.31 9.48 0.5 4.92 14.32
P7&p8 11.76 9.31 2.45 0.5 1.225 10.53
P3&p8 9.11 7.74 1.37 0.5 0.68 8.42
P3&p4 13.7 13.7 - 0.5 - -
P4&p9 9.13 6.21 2.92 0.5 1.46 7.67
P4&p5 18.49 13.7 4.79 0.5 2.39 16.09
P5&p10 11.09 7.56 3.53 0.5 1.76 9.32
P8&p9 11.76 9.31 2.45 0.5 1.22 10.53
P9&p10 12.12 9.31 2.81 0.5 1.42 10.7
Table 3.2.4.2 moment adjustment for second floor
Since panel’s c1-c10 is cantilevers, we will take the maximum moment as distributed moment
between the cantilever & their respective panels connected to them.
Therefore, c1-p1=Md=30.3KN/m
c2-p2=Md=30.3KN/m
c3-p4 =Md=30.3KN/m
c4-p4 =Md=30.3KN/m
c5-p5 =Md=26.44KN/m
c6-p6 =Md=21.35KN/m
c7-p7 =Md=21.35KN/m
c8-p8 =Md=21.35KN/m
c9-p9 =Md=21.35KN/m
c10-p10 =Md=21.35KN/m
3.2.5 Span Moment Adjustment

If the support moment is decreased the span moments Mxf and Myf are then increased
allow for the changes of support moment.

Mxdf = Mxf + CxΔM’

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Mydf = Myf + CyΔM’

Where, ΔM’= MR-Md (on all the supports)

Cx, Cy = Coefficients for adjusting span moments given in table.

If the support moment is increased, no adjustment shall be made to the span moment.

For typical 1st floor Panels

Panel P1 panel p4

Cx = 0.32 Cy = 0.1225 Using interpolation cx=.032

ΔM’= 18.86 – 16 = 2.86 KN/m cy=0.1225

Mxdf = 14.22+ 0.32 (2.86) = 15.14 KN/m ΔM=1.29

Mydf = 8.71 + 0.1225 (2.86) = 9.06KN.m Mxdf = 10.82+ 0.32 (1.29) = 11.23
KN/m

Mydf = 7.23 + 0.1225 (1.29) =

7.39KN.m

panel p6 cx=.032, cy=0.1225 ΔM=3.89 panel p7 cx=0.32 cy=0.1225

ΔM=1.48

Mxdf = 13.84+ 0.32 (3.89) = 11.23 KN/m Mxdf = 8.374+ 0.32 (1.48) =
8.374KN/m

Mydf = 8.47 + 0.1225 (3.89) = 8.946 KN/m Mydf = 5.28+ 0.1225 (1.48) = 5.46
KN/m

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panel p8 cx=.032, cy=0.1225 ΔM=1.47 panel p9 cx=0.32 cy=0.1225

ΔM=1.34

Mxdf = 10.23+ 0.32 (1.47) = 10.72 KN/m Mxdf = 7.93+ 0.32 (1.34) =
8.374KN/m

Mydf = 6.76 + 0.1225 (1.47) = 6.94KN.m Mydf = 5.28+ 0.1225 (1.34) =

5.44 KN/m

For typical 2nd floor Panels

Panel P1 panel p6

Cx = 0.32 CY = 0.1225 Using interpolation cx=.032

ΔM’= 2.65 KN/m CY =0.1225

Mxdf = 14.34+ 0.32 (2.65) = 15.18 KN/m ΔM=4.92

Mydf = 8.77 + 0.1225 (2.65) = 9.09KN.m Mxdf = 14.44+ 0.32 (4.92) = 11.23
KN/m Mydf = 8.89+ 0.1225
(4.92) = 9.44KN.m

panel p8 cx=.032, cy=0.1225 ΔM=1.22 panel p7 cx=0.32 cy=0.1225

ΔM=1.22

Mxdf = 8.82+ 0.32 (1.22) = 9.21 KN/m Mxdf = 6.98+ 0.32 (1.22) =
7.374KN/m

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Mydf = 5.88 + 0.1225 (1.22) = 6.05 KN/m Mydf = 4.65+ 0.1225 (1.22) = 4.8
KN/m

panel p5 cx=.032, cy=0.1225 ΔM=1.42 panel p10 cx=0.32 cy=0.1225

ΔM=1.42

Mxdf = 6.98+ 0.32 (1.42) = 7.43KN/m Mxdf = 7.93+ 0.32 (1.42) =

9.95KN/m

Mydf = 4.63+ 0.1225 (1.42) = 4.82KN.m Mydf = 5.28+ 0.1225 (1.42) =

6.02 KN/m

3.2.6 Reinforcement Design

- For the given
Material Data, C-25, S-300
Effective depth, d=124mm
Width, b=1000mm
Moments calculated for each panels
- Using design charts

Km= (
√ m/b ),Ks
d
m
As=Ks* d

- For selected bar diameter the spacing is calculated using the following formula :
as
S=1000*
As
Where: asarea of single bar

As calculated area of steel

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S spacing
- All calculated area of steel (As) is compared with As min and all calculated spacing is
compared with S max as EBCS provision

0.5
As min min *b*d Where : min=
fyk
2*D=2*150=300mm
Smax ≤
350mm

Span (Field) Reinforcement Calculation for first floor

pane way Momen Km Ks As Asmin S∅ 8 S∅ 10 prov Remark

l t S
P1 Shor 14.22 30.4 4.0 464.4 207 469.5 169.1 160 ∅ 10c/
t 1 5 5 c160
long 8.71 23.8 3.9 279.5 207 281.4 281 280 ∅ 10c/
8 7 9 c280
P2 short 9.85 25.3 3.9 316.9 207 331.1 247.8 240 ∅ 10c/
1 9 5 1 c240
long 6.57 20.6 3.9 209.8 207 219.1 337.3 210 ∅ 8c/c210
7 2
P3 short 10.74 26.4 4.0 347.3 207 330.7 226.1 220 ∅ 10c/
3 1 2 8 7 c220
long 7.23 21.6 3.9 231.4 207 218.7 339.3 210 ∅ 8c/c210
8 7 8 6
P4 short 10.84 26.5 4.0 349.6 207 330.7 224.6 220 ∅ 10c/
5 0 8 8 c220
long 7.23 21 3.7 231.4 207 218.7 339.3 210 ∅ 8c/c210
7 8 6
P5 short 13.24 29.3 4.0 431.3 207 455.3 182.1 180 ∅ 10c/
4 4 7 c180
long 8.45 23.4 3.9 271.2 207 272.8 289.6 280 ∅ 10c/

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4 8 2 3 c280
P6 short 13.84 30 4.0 448.6 207 472.7 175.1 170 ∅ 10c/
2 9 9 c170
long 8.47 23.4 3.9 271.8 207 284.1 228.9 220 ∅ 10c/
7 8 6 c220
P7 short 7.93 22.7 3.9 253.8 207 221.9 309.3 300 ∅ 10c/
1 7 9 6 c300
long 5.28 18.5 3.9 162.2 207 148.1 467 140 ∅ 8c/c140
3 5 3
P8 short 10.33 25.9 3.9 332.4 207 283.1 236.3 230 ∅ 10c/
2 9 c230
long 6.78 21 3.9 214.3 207 187.3 336.4 180 ∅ 8c/c180
2 4 1
P9 short 7.93 22.7 3.9 252 207 222.9 311 220 ∅ 8c/c220
1 4 1
long 5.28 18.5 3.8 165.2 207 188.1 475.3 180 ∅ 8c/c180
3 8 2 3 9
P10 short 10.31 25.8 4.0 336 207 304.9 223.8 220 ∅ 10c/
9 4 2 c220
long 6.32 20.2 4.0 206 207 186.3 381.4 180 ∅ 8c/c180
7 4 5
Table 3.2.5.1 span reinforcement for first floor

For cantilever reinforcement we use ∅ 12 for first floor

Panel Moment Km Ks As Asmin S∅ 12 provS Remark

C1 28.19 42.82 4.09 929.8 207 121.6 120 ∅ 12c/c120
C2 26.19 41.27 4.08 861.7 207 131.2 130 ∅ 12c/c130
C3 26.19 41.27 4.08 861.7 207 131.2 130 ∅ 12c/c130
C4 26.19 41.27 4.08 861.7 207 131.2 130 ∅ 12c/c130
C5 27.71 42.45 4.09 914.1 207 123.7 120 ∅ 12c/c120
C6 17.17 33.42 4.03 558.1 207 202.6 200 ∅ 12c/c200
C7 14.88 31.11 3.99 478.8 207 236.2 230 ∅ 12c/c230

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C8 14.88 31.11 3.99 478.8 207 236.2 230 ∅ 12c/c230

C9 14.88 31.11 3.99 478.8 207 236.2 230 ∅ 12c/c230
C10 11.87 27.78 4.04 385.8 207 296.2 296 ∅ 12c/c290
Table 3.2.5.2 cantilever reinforcement for second floor

Span (Field) Reinforcement Calculation for second floor

pane way Momen Km Ks As Asmin S∅ 8 S∅ 10 prov Remark

l t S
P1 Shor 14.34 30.5 4.0 469.5 207 106.9 167.3 160 ∅ 10c/
t 4 6 c160
long 8.77 23.8 3.9 281.4 207 178.4 279 270 ∅ 10c/
9 8 9 c270
P2 short 10.29 25.8 3.9 331.1 207 151.7 237 230 ∅ 10c/
7 9 1 c230
long 6.86 21.1 3.9 219.1 207 229.2 358.5 220 ∅ 8c/c220
2 6 5
P3 short 10.28 25.8 3.9 330.7 207 151.8 237.5 230 ∅ 10c/
6 9 8 5 c230
long 6.85 21.1 3.9 218.7 207 229.6 359.1 220 ∅ 8c/c220
1 6 6
P4 short 10.28 25.8 3.9 330.7 207 151.8 237.5 230 ∅ 10c/
6 9 8 5 c230
long 6.85 21.1 3.9 218.7 207 229.6 359.1 220 ∅ 8c/c220
1 6 6
P5 short 13.94 30.1 4.0 455.3 207 110.3 172.5 170 ∅ 10c/
1 5 2 c170
long 8.5 23.5 3.9 272.8 207 184.1 287.8 280 ∅ 10c/
2 8 1 c280
P6 short 14.44 30.6 4.0 472.7 207 106.2 166.2 160 ∅ 10c/
5 6 9 4 c160
long 8.85 23.9 3.9 284.1 207 176.8 278.5 270 ∅ 10c/
9 8 c270

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P7 short 6.95 21.2 3.9 221.9 207 226.3 353.8 220 ∅ 8c/c220
6 6 6
long 4.65 17.3 3.9 148.1 207 339.1 530.1 300 ∅ 8c/c300
9 5 3
P8 short 8.82 23.9 3.9 283.1 207 177.4 277.4 270 ∅ 10c/
5 8 c270
long 5.88 19.5 3.9 187.3 207 268.1 419.3 260 ∅ 8c/c260
6 5 1
P9 short 6.98 21.3 3.9 222.9 207 225.3 352.4 220 ∅ 8c/c220
1 6 1 3 1
long 4.65 17.3 3.6 148.1 207 266.9 530.2 260 ∅ 8c/c260
9 5 3 1
P10 short 9.5 24.8 3.9 304.9 207 164.7 257.5 250 ∅ 10c/
1 8 2 c250
long 5.85 19.5 3.9 186.3 207 269.5 421.5 260 ∅ 10c/
1 5 5 c260
Table 3.2.5.3 span reinforcement for second floor

For cantilever reinforcement we use ∅ 12 for second floor

Panel Moment Km Ks As Asmin S∅ 12 provS Remark

C1 30.3 44.39 4.26 1041 207 108.6 100 ∅ 12c/c100
C2 30.3 44.39 4.26 1041 207 108.6 100 ∅ 12c/c100
C3 30.3 44.39 4.26 1041 207 108.6 100 ∅ 12c/c100
C4 30.3 44.39 4.26 1041 207 108.6 100 ∅ 12c/c100
C5 32.56 46 4.31 1312 207 100 100 ∅ 12c/c100
C6 26.44 41.46 4.2 895.5 207 126.3 120 ∅ 12c/c120
C7 21.53 37.15 4.12 715.4 207 158 150 ∅ 12c/c150
C8 21.53 37.15 4.12 715.4 207 158 150 ∅ 12c/c150
C9 21.53 37.15 4.12 715.4 207 158 150 ∅ 12c/c150
C10 9.85 37.15 4.12 715.4 207 158 150 ∅ 12c/c150
Table 3.2.5.4 cantilever reinforcement for second floor

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Design of stair

The stair case is not structurally connected to the building it is trated as one solid slab.

Design of stair 1

Fyk =300MPA

Le=5400m

Φ14

11*0.204=2.244

Depth determination d≥(0.4+0.6fyk/400)Le/βa

d≥(0.4+0.6*300/400)5400/25=183.6mm

The over depth

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D=d+c.c+φ\2

D=183.6+15+14/2=205.6

Loading (taking one meter strib 1m) bw=100

Riser=0.204-Rc slab (inclined)=( 0.21*24*1)/cos 34=6.1 KN /m

Duee to step per width=(0.3*0.204*1*24*1)/2*0.3=2.448KN/m

Floor fishing porcelain=0.02*1*21=0.42

Cement screed=0.02*23=0.46 0.42+0.46=0.88KN/m2

On Riser 0.88KN/m

On trade( 0.88*0.204*1*12)/3.32=0.665KN\m

Plastering(2cm)=0.02*23=0.46KN/m2 *1m=0.46KN\m

Dead load on stair 6.1+2.44+0.88+0.65+0.46/cos34=10.63KN\m

Dead load on landing portion (D*bw*ϒ)

 Land slab =0.21*1*24=5.04KN/m

 Plastering=0.02*1*23=0.46KN/m

 Cement screed=0.02*1*23=0.46KN\m

 Porcelin(2cm)=0.02*1*21=0.47

 Total load on landing=6.38KN/m

 Live load on landing =3KN\m2=3*1=3KN/m

Design load on stair =1.3(10.63)+1.6(3)=18.62KN

On loanding=1.3(6.38+1.6(3)=13.1KN\m

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Bending moment

Maximum shear force =51.92

Bending moment=57.32KN/m

Flexural desig

Check foreadequecy

√
d= ( Ms d ¿
¿
0.2952 fcd
∗b)=√¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ 6/0.2952*11.33*100)=130.9mm

d=130.9mm≤187mm………………………….ok

Reinforcement

Longtudinal reinforcment Mmax(-ve)=57.32KN/m

 ρmin=¿ 0.5/fyk=0.5/300=0.00167
 Asmin=ρmin∗b∗d=0.00167∗1000∗187=312.29 mm2
Using design chart Kz=0.94 Kz=Z/d Z=Kz*d

µus=Mus/Fcdbd2=57.32*166/(11.33*1000*1872=0.1447

Z=0.94*187=175.78mm As=Mus/(Z*Fyd)=57.32*106/(175.78*260.82)=1250mm

Using∅ 14 as=153.94mm

1250>Asmin 1250>312.79………..ok

Spacing=as/As*1000=(153.94/1250)*1000=123.15≈ 120mm

No of bar=As/as=1250/153.94=8.12≈ 8

 Using8∅ 14bar cc120mm As provide=120/1=153.94/As*1000

As=1282mm2
Checking for shear
Shear force carried by concrete Vc
Vc=0.25*Fctd*K1+K2*bw*d
Fctd=0.21*(Fck)2/3/1.5=0.21(20)2/3/1.5=1.0315mpa
K1=1+50 ρ ≤2 ρ =As/b*d=1282/(1000*187)=0.00686
ρ =1+50(0.00686)=1.34¿2
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K 2 =1.6-d¿1 1.6-0.187=1.413¿ 1
VC=0.25*1.0315.3*1.34*1.413*1000*187=91.305KN

91.305¿51.92……………………………….ok

Shrinkage Reinforcment

Asmin= ρ shr*b*d=0.0018*1000*187=336.6mm2

N=336.6/78.54=4.3≈ 4 number of bar

As=78.54

S=(as/As)*b=(778.54/336.6)*1000=233.3mm

Provide 4∅ 10 cc230mm Aprovide=(7.854/250)*1000=314.5mm2

Transverse Reinfocment

As=¿*82)/4=50.2mm2

Asmin=0.2*As=0.2*1250=250mm2

S=(50.2/250)*1000=200.8

N=As/as=250/50.2=4.98≈ 5 number of bar

Provide 5∅ 8bar cc200 As provide=50.2/200=2501mm2

NB our stair case design of stair one or section A-A is the same with the design of stair
two or section B-B but there is the difference between the first floor and second floor
height there for we shouid have to do the stair case fore second floor base do its story
height

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DESIGN OF BEAM

Reinforced concrete beam consists primarily of producing member details which

adequately resist the ultimate bending moments. At the same time serviceability
requirement must be considered to ensure that the member will behave satisfactorily under
working loads.

The primarily analysis need only provide the maximum moments and shear in order to
ascertain reasonable dimensions. And adequate concrete cover required to ensure adequate
bond and to protect the main reinforcement from corrosion and external surface damage.

From the above moment diagram the max moment

At the support
M2-B = 18.83 KN-m
M3-B = 18.03 KN-m
M4-B = 18.10 KN-m
M5-B = 18.31 N KN-m
M6-B = 16.77 KN-m

Moment for mid span beams

Beam 1-2, M 1-2 = 13.38KN-m
Beam 2-3, M 2-3 =12.35KN-m
Beam 3-4, M 3-4 = 12.87KN-m
Beam 4-5’, M 4-5 = 12.83KN-m
Beam 5-6, M 5-6 = 13.785KN-m
Reinforcement calculation

Material used C-25 Steel S-400

f ck=0.8f cu =0.8×25=20Mpa
f ck 20
f cd =0 .85 0 . 85× =11 .33 Mpa
γc 1. 5

f tck 1. 547
f ctd = = =1 .03 Mpa
γc 1. 15
f yk 400
f yd = = =347 .83 Mpa
γ s 1 . 15

f yd 347 .83
m= = =38 .37 Mpa
0 .8 f cd 0 . 8×11. 33
2 .5 2 . 5
c 1= = =0 . 065
m 38. 37
2 2
c 2 =0 .32×m ×f cd =0 . 32×38 . 37 ×11. 33=5337 . 82

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0 . 8×ε cu f cd
ρbal= ×
ε cu +ε yd f yd

Where,
ε cu=0 . 0035

f yd 347 . 83
ε yd = = =0 . 0017
E s 210×103

0 . 8×0 . 0035 11. 33

∴ρ = × =0. 018
bal 0 . 0035+0 . 0017 347 . 83

ρmax =0.75 ρbal=0. 75×0 .018=0 .0135

0.6 0.6
ρmin = = =0. 0015
f yk 400

a= 24Mpa for end span

Then check whether the beam is rectangular or T- beam section
EBCS – 2, 1995 presets a rule for estimating effective flange width

1
b w + Le
be 5
=
Actual width (c/c spacing of slab)
300+4000/5=1100mm

Take be=1100mm

[ √
ρ=0. 5 c 1 − c 2 −
1
4 Md
bd 2 c 2 ]
[
ρ=0. 5 0 . 065− 0 . 0652 −
√ 4×18 . 83×10 6
1100×357 2×5337 . 82 ]
=0 . 0004

To determine the neutral axis depth

X =ρ md
Assume D = 400mm
20
d=400−25− −8=357 mm
2

X =0 .0004×38 . 37×357=5 .34

y=0 .8 X=0 .8×5.34=4 .3<<h f

Hence rectangular beam analysis is required.

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Design for flexural

Assume reinforcement used φ =20mm for main reinforcement

φ = 8mm for stirrups
Effective depth = 357mm

A. Design moment at support 2is Msd2 = 18.83Kn-m

Check the adequacy of the section proposed

1. Deflection requirement

(
d≥ 0 . 4+
400 ) (
0 . 6 fy Le
βa
= 0 . 4+
400
×
24)
0 . 6×400 4000
=166 . 67 mm

2. Check for the structural depth for Msd = 18.83Kn-m

d=
√ Msd
=
√
18. 83×106
0 .2952 fcd∗be 0 . 2952×11 .33×1100
=71 .54 mm
< 357mm ok

3. Longitudinal reinforcement required for the section (top reinforcement)

2
As=ρ×b×d=0 .0035×1100×357=1374 .45 mm
Use 4Ø20 + 1Ø16mm on support 2 up to 5
Area of steel for the moment M6-B= 16.77Kn-m

ρ=0. 5×⌈c 1− c 2−
√ 1
4 Md
bd 2 c 2
⌉

[ √
=0 . 50× 0 .065− 0 .065 2−
4×16 .77×106
1100×3572 ×5337 . 82 ]
= 0. 00035
ρcal < ρ min ther fore use ρmin

As=ρ×b×d=0 . 0015×1100×357=589. 05 mm 2

Use 2Ø20 mm

Bottom reinforcement for positive moments

Beam M1-2, 2-3, 3-4,4-5 , 5-6. Since the applied moment on the mid span is approach
ρcal < ρ min ther fore use ρmin

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To determine the neutral axis depth

X =ρ md Assume D = 400mm
20
d=400−25− −8=357 mm
2

[ √
ρ=0. 50× 0 . 065− 0 . 065 − 2 4×13 .785×106
1100×3572 ×5337 . 82
ρcal < ρ min ther fore use ρmin
]
= 0 .0003

X =0 .0015×38 .37×357=20 .55

y=0 . 8 X=0 .8×20 .55=16 . 44 << hf

Hence rectangular beam analysis is require

0.6 0.6
ρmin = = =0. 0015
fy 400
k
ρ= ρ min,therfore
2
As=ρ×b×d=0 . 0015×1100×357=589. 05 mm
Use 2Ø20 mm

Designs for shear

Using the same procedure, we calculate the size and number of stirrup. And the results are
as shown below:

1st we get the design critical shear stress (Vd) at a distance, d from the face of the column.
2nd calculate the limiting value of ultimate shear stress,

V rd =0 .25 f cd bw d (If V >V the section has to be increased)

d rd

3rd calculate the shear strength of the concrete:

As
V c =0 .25 f ctd K 1 K 2 b w d , where K = 1.6 - d  1 and K = 1 + 50ρ ρ=
1 2
bd

If Vc>Vd and Vd<Vrd, use nominal web reinforcement with spacing S,

a v f yk ≤ d = 241mm
S= 800mm
0.4 b

4th If Vc<Vd and Vd<Vrd, use shear reinforcement,

0.5d ≤300mm, when Vd ≤ 2/3Vrd

S max = 0.3d ≤200mm, when Vd > 2/3Vrd

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Then calculate the shear to be resisted by the reinforcement (Vs)

a v df yd
V s=
S

The total shear resistance (VT), shear resisted by the concrete (V c) and the shear
reinforcement (Vs)
V T =V c +V s
If VT > Vd (OK!)

If VT < Vd, for the part of the rib with V > VT, calculate spacing (S)
av df yd
S=
V T −V c
Vsd1 = 33.09Kn Vsd6 = 34.57Kn
Vsd2 = 35.39Kn Vsd7 = 33.81Kn
Vsd3 = 33.93Kn Vsd8 = 34.66Kn
Vsd4 = 34.56Kn Vsd9 = 34.32Kn
Vsd5 = 33.98Kn Vsd10 = 34.16Kn

Diagonal Compression Resistance Of Concrete

V c =0 .25 f ctd K 1 K 2 b w d
Total area, As =1374.5mm2
A 1374 .5
ρ= s = =0 . 013
b w . d 3000×357
K1 = 1 + 50ρ=1+50*0.013=1.65≤2……..OK
K2=1.6-0.357=1.243 which is greater than 1 OK

SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
av f yk 100.48*400/0.4*300=334
S max ≤ =
0.4b
0.5d =0.5*357=178.5

For Vsd1 = 33.09Kn

Vc=303.36kn ¿ 33.09Kn
provide Ø8c/c 170mm

For Vsd2 = 35.39Kn

Vc=303.36kn ¿ 35.39Kn

provide Ø8c/c 170mm for Vsd1 up to Vsd10 since all of them are ¿vc

Design of shear reinforcement for positive moment at mid span

a v×f yd d=357
S max ≤
0.4 b 800mm

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Use Ø8c/c 300mm

Beam On Axis C-C ON GRADE BAEM ON LONG DIRECTION

No
Used ρ of
momen Tak Effectiv bar Final
t cond. Msd d D eD ed ρmin As s d
0.0053 0.00
SUPP 1 1.35 40.19 81.19 100 64 9 2 86.21 2 64.00
Span 13.5 168.3 0.0085 0.00 164.0
1,2 6 127.39 9 200 164 8 2 351.68 2 0
Supp. 0.0105 0.00
2 2.48 54.48 95.48 100 64 7 2 169.12 2 64.00
Span 12.9 165.3 0.0081 0.00 164.0
2,3 2 124.35 5 200 64 3 2 333.16 2 0
Supp. 0.0098 0.00
3' 2.33 52.81 93.81 100 64 4 2 157.38 2 64.00
Span 12.8 165.1 0.00 164.0
0.0081
3,4 8 124.15 5 200 164 2 332.01 2 0
Supp. 0.0103 0.00
4 2.43 53.93 94.93 100 64 2 2 165.18 2 64.00
SPAN 12.8 164.9 0.0080 0.00 164.0
4,5 4 123.96 6 200 164 7 2 330.86 2 0
0.0113 0.00
SUPP,5 2.63 56.10 97.10 100 64 2 2 181.13 2 64.00
SPAN 13.7 169.3 0.0087 0.00 164.0
5,6 6 128.33 3 200 164 2 2 357.52 2 0
0.0004 0.00
SUPP,6 0.13 12.33 53.33 100 64 8 2 32.00 2 64.00

Beam On Axis 1-1ON GRADE BAEM SHORT DIRECTION

Supp. 0.0072 0.00
A 1.77 46.02 90.02 100 64 3 2 115.64 2 64.00
Span 116.5 0.0025 0.00 164.0
AB 4.40 72.57 7 200 164 9 2 106.00 2 0
Supp. 153.2 0.0061 0.00 164.0
B 9.98 109.29 9 200 164 2 2 250.96 2 0
Span 24.5 215.4 0.00 214.0
0.0092
BC 7 171.48 8 250 214 2 492.26 3 0
Supp. 149.2 0.0056 0.00 164.0
C 9.26 105.27 7 200 164 5 2 231.49 2 0
Span 22.6 208.6 0.00 214.0
0.0084
CD 6 164.68 8 250 214 2 449.35 3 0

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Supp. 110.0 0.0021 0.00 164.0

D 3.65 66.09 9 200 164 3 2 87.46 2 0
SPAN 127.1 0.0034 0.00 164.0
D,E 5.77 83.10 0 200 164 2 2 140.40 2 0
SPAN 0.0060 0.00
E 1.50 42.37 86.37 100 64 3 2 96.55 2 64.00

Beam On Axis C-C ON FIRST FLOOR ON LONG DIRECTION

No
Used ρ of
momen Tak Effectiv bar Final
t cond. Msd d D eD ed ρmin As s d
141.9 0.0048 0.00 164.0
SUPP 1 8.02 7.97 7 200 164 4 2 198.53 2 0
Span 139.1 0.0045 0.00 164.0
1,2 7.57 95.18 8 200 164 5 2 186.73 2 0
Supp. 126.9 0.0034 0.00 164.0
2 5.75 82.95 5 200 164 1 2 139.90 2 0
Span 131.6 0.0038 0.00 164.0
2,3 6.42 87.65 5 200 164 3 2 156.98 2 0
Supp. 0.0064 0.00
3' 1.60 43.76 87.76 100 64 7 2 103.55 2 64.00
Span 140.1 0.0046 0.00 164.0
3,4 7.72 96.12 2 200 164 5 2 190.65 2 0
Supp. 110.8 0.0021 0.00 164.0
4 3.73 66.81 1 200 164 8 2 89.43 2 0
SPAN 140.9 0.0047 0.00 164.0
4,5 7.86 96.99 9 200 164 4 2 194.32 2 0
102.8 0.0016 0.00 164.0
SUPP,5 2.89 58.81 1 200 164 8 2 82.00 2 0
SPAN 141.7 0.0048 0.00 164.0
5,6 7.99 97.79 9 200 164 2 2 197.74 2 0
108.7 0.0020 0.00 164.0
SUPP,6 3.50 64.72 2 200 164 4 2 83.78 2 0
Beam On Axis 1-1ON FIRST FLOOR SHORT DIRECTION
Supp. 117.3 0.0026 0.00 164.0
A 4.49 73.30 0 200 164 4 2 108.24 2 0
Span 123.6 0.0031 0.00 164.0
AB 5.30 79.64 4 200 164 3 2 128.52 2 0
Supp. 153.2 0.0061 0.00 164.0
B 9.98 109.29 9 200 164 2 2 250.96 2 0
Span 24.5 215.4 0.00 214.0
0.0092
BC 6 171.44 4 250 214 2 492.03 3 0
Supp. 149.2 0.0056 0.00 164.0
C 9.26 105.27 7 200 164 5 2 231.49 2 0

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Span 22.6 208.6 0.00 214.0

0.0084
CD 6 164.68 8
250 214 2 449.35 3 0
Supp. 32.0 239.7 0.0260 0.00 1068.7 164.0
D 0 195.70 0
200 164 7 2 8 2 0
SPAN 15.0 178.2 0.0096 0.00 164.0
D,E 6 134.25 5
200 164 6 2 396.06 2 0
SPAN 0.00
0.004
E 1.02 34.94 78.94 100 64 2 64.04 2 64.00
Beam On Axis C-C ON SECOND FLOOR ON LONG DIRECTION
No
Used ρ of
momen Tak Effectiv bar Final
t cond. Msd d D eD ed ρmin As s d
0.0105 0.00
SUPP 1 2.48 54.48 98.48 100 64 7 2 169.12 2 64.00
Span 0.0090 0.00
1,2 2.16 50.84 94.84 100 64 2 2 144.37 2 64.00
Supp. 11.9 163.4 0.0074 0.00 164.0
2 3 119.49 9 200 164 4 2 304.97 2 0
Span 143.8 1 0.0050 0.00 164.0
2,3 8.33 99.85 5 200 4 4 2 206.70 2 0
Supp. 136.7 0.0043 0.00 164.0
3' 7.19 92.76 6 200 164 1 2 176.84 2 0
Span 152.4 0.0060 0.00 164.0
3,4 9.82 108.41 1 200 164 1 2 246.61 2 0
Supp. 151.8 0.0059 0.00 164.0
4 9.72 107.85 5 200 164 5 2 243.90 2 0
SPAN 152.9 0.0060 0.00 164.0
4,5 9.92 108.96 6 200 164 8 2 249.32 2 0
141.3 0.0047 0.00 164.0
SUPP,5 7.92 97.36 6 200 164 8 2 195.90 2 0
SPAN 10.3 155.5 0.0063 0.00 164.0
5,6 9 111.51 1 200 164 9 2 262.15 2 0
11.1 159.3 0.0068 0.00 164.0
SUPP,6 1 115.31 1 200 164 8 2 282.02 2 0

Beam On Axis 1-1ON SECOND FLOOR SHORT DIRECTION

Supp. 0.0052 0.00
A 1.32 39.75 83.75 100 64 6 2 84.16 2 64.00
Span 11.1 159.4 0.00 164.0
0.0069
AB 4 115.46 6 200 164 2 282.85 2 0
Supp. 27.0 223.9 0.0102 0.00 214.0
B 5 179.92 2 250 214 7 2 549.52 3 0
Span 14.2 174.7 0.00 164.0
0.0091
BC 9 130.77 7 200 164 2 373.10 2 0
Supp. 17.1 187.1 0.0112 0.00 164.0
C 3 143.18 8 200 164 1 2 459.74 3 0
Span 26.3 221.4 0.0099 0.00 214.0
CD 0 177.41 1 250 214 4 2 532.01 3 0

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Supp. 31.7 238.9 0.00 214.0

0.0124
D 5 194.93 3 250 214 2 663.44 2 0
SPAN 18.2 191.6 0.0120 0.00 164.0
D,E 1 147.62 2 200 164 5 2 494.22 2 0
SPAN 0.0089 0.00
E 2.15 50.73 94.73 100 64 8 2 143.62 2 64.00

Beam On Axis C-C ON TOP TIE BEAM ON LONG DIRECTION

No
Used ρ o
momen Tak Effectiv ba Final
t cond. Msd d D eD ed ρmin As rs d
121.8 0.0029 0.00 164.0
SUPP 1 5.07 77.89 9 200 164 9 2 122.74 2 0
Span 146.0 0.0052 0.00 164.0
1,2 8.70 102.04 4 200 164 8 2 216.52 2 0
Supp. 0.0047 0.00
2 1.20 37.90 81.90 100 64 5 2 76.03 2 64.00
Span 104.1 0.0017 0.00 164.0
2,3 3.02 60.12 2 200 164 6 2 82.00 2 0
Supp. 0.0050 0.00
3' 1.28 39.14 83.14 100 64 9 2 81.44 2 64.00
Span 0.0089 0.00
3,4 2.15 50.73 94.73 100 64 8 2 143.62 2 64.00
Supp. 0.0096 0.00
4 2.30 52.46 96.46 100 64 9 2 155.06 2 64.00
SPAN 0.0112 0.00
4,5 2.61 55.89 99.89 100 64 2 2 179.51 2 64.00
0.0069 0.00
SUPP,5 1.70 45.11 89.11 100 64 1 2 110.63 2 64.00
SPAN 34.3 246.6 0.0136 0.00 214.0
5,6 0 202.61 1 250 214 2 2 728.66 2 0
122.5 0.0030 0.00 164.0
SUPP,6 5.15 78.51 1 200 164 4 2 124.75 2 0

Beam On Axis 1-1ON TOP TIE BEAM SHORT DIRECTION

Supp. 0.0060 0.00
A 1.50 42.37 86.37 100 64 3 2 96.55 2 64.00
Span 0.00
0.0045
AB 1.14 36.94 80.94 100 64 2 72.01 2 64.00
Supp. 0.0079 0.00
B 1.92 47.94 91.94 100 64 1 2 126.52 2 64.00
Span 126.0 0.0033 0.00 164.0
BC 5.63 82.08 8 200 164 4 2 136.85 2 0
Supp. 130.6 0.0037 0.00 164.0
C 6.28 86.69 9 200 164 4 2 153.40 2 0
Span 3.98 69.02 113.0 200 164 0.0023 0.00 95.59 2 164.0
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CD 2 3 2 0
Supp. 107.2 0.0019 0.00 164.0
D 3.34 63.22 2 200 164 5 2 82.00 2 0
SPAN 0.0078 0.00
D,E 1.90 47.68 91.68 100 64 2 2 125.05 2 64.00
SPAN 0.0001 0.00
E 0.05 7.74 51.74 100 64 9 2 32.00 2 64.00

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DESIGNS OF COLUMN

Step-1: Determine moment of inertia for column and beam on each axis

Let for beam sample Axis – 1-1B

*beam (300mm*350mm)

 Top tile beam = floor beam = grade beam= 300mm*350mm

Ib = moment of inertia for beam = bh3/12 = (0.3*0.35)3/12 = 1.07*10-3mm4

 column (300mm*400mm)
 Rectangular column = bh3/12 = 1.28*10-2mm4
Step-2: determine relative stiffness of the which members

- Determine the relative stiffness of the member with a reference of top tile beam.
We divided then by the top tile beam moment of inertia value
- The beam (ITb) = 1.07*10-3/1.07*10-3= 1 (relative stiffness of tile beam)
- Floor beam(Ifb) = 1.07*10-3/1.07*10-3= 1 (relative moment inertia of floor beam)
- Grade beam(Igb) = 1.07*10-3/1.07*10-3=1(relative moment inertia of grade beam)
- For rectangular column = IRc/ITb= 1.28*10-2/1.07*10-3 = 1.96 (relative moment
inertia of rectangular column)
 Relative stiffness will be compute as
For beam

Top tile beam 1.4 5.4 5.4 1.8

(ktb)=1 1/1.4 = 0.714 1/5.4=1.185 1/5.4=1.185 1/1.8=0.556
KTB=ITb/L
floor beam(kfb) 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
Kfb=Ifb/L 1/1.4 = 0.714 1/1.4 = 0.714 1/1.4 = 0.714 1/1.4 = 0.714
grade 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
beam(kGB) 1/1.4 = 0.714 1/1.4 = 0.714 1/1.4 = 0.714 1/1.4 = 0.714
kGb=Igb/L
Frs for 3.35 2.5 4.7 2
column 11.96/3.35=3.57 11.96/2.5=4.78 11.96/4.7=2.54 11.96/2=5.98

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For column (IRC) = 1 3

KTRC = 1/3 = 0.33 (rectangular column)
Ktcc = 5.389/3 = 1.94 (for circular column)
KTRd = 1/2 = 0.5 (for foundation column)
Step 3: computation for substitution column
For beam kb =2 ∑kbi
Kc= ∑ki
Nb = α1 ↓ and α2 <12
For ground level
 α1 = k1 + kc/α(k11 + k12)
α = 0.5
 α2 = k2 + kc/α(k21 + k22)
α=1

A B C
Axis – 1-1

αm = α1 + α2 /2

α 1 = k1 + k2/ α (k11+k12) = 7.62+17.94/0.5(1.64+0) =31.17

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α2 = (k2+kc)/ α(k21+k22) = 0+17.94/0+ꝏ = 0

α m = 31.17/2 = 15.58

step-4: effective length conservative /l (α m= 1.08)

(l = 2m)

Le = L √ 1+0.8 α m = L + √ 1+0.8+1.08= 1.15*L

= 2* √ 1+0.8+15.58 ≥ 1.15*2 =7.34 ≥2.3...O

Step- 5: substitute column dimension

S4/12 = ∑ I0 ∑I0 = 0.3(0.4)4/12 = 6.4*10-3

S = (12*6.4*10-3)1/4 =526mm

Ic = s4/12 = (526)4/12 = 6.3*109mm4

Ac = 52 = (526)2 = 276,676 = 2.77*105

But the above calculation is for only ground level but for other column refer to the (table c-
4.40)

lev K1 K11 KC K2 K2 α1 α2 αm Le(m S(m Ac(mm) Ic(m

e 1 m) m) m)
F 7.6 1.6 17.9 A 0 31. 0 15. 7.34 526 2.77*105 6.4*
1 4 4 17 58 109
G 14. 1.6 7.62 1. 17. 26. 15. 21. 19.9 526 2.77*105 6.4*
34 4 64 94 78 58 18 109
1st 10. 1.6 14.3 1. 7.6 30. 13. 21. 10.77 526 2.77*105 6.4*
71 4 4 64 2 55 39 97 109
2nd 0 1.6 10.7 10 14. 13. 15. 14. 12.02 526 2.77*105 6.4*
4 1 .7 34 1 27 19 109

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Value from etabs (shear force Axial (Na)kn & moment on axis -1-1 on axis – B

Story ∑shear (m) (kn) Axis (axial)(kn) Mbotom Top

Foundation 10.2 494.50 17.99 15.56
Ground 21.47 379.12 9.23 23.79
1nd 41.32 217.41 -13.82 17.38
2rd 8.42 28.29 -11.04 6.28

Step- 6: computation of moment of inertia of the reinforcement section of the substitute

column with the respect to centroid of the center section

-for ground level

Mdl = (α2+3/ α1+ α2+6)+H*L (0+3/231.17+0+6)*10.2*2= 1.65kn

Usd = L1 = Nu/fcd*Ac = 494.5*103/5262*11.33 = 0.158

Usd = U = Md2/fcd*Ac*b = 1.65*106/11.33*5263 = 0.001

-by using design chart d’/b = 25/400= 0.0625=0.1

Read ω for Usd = 0.158, & usd = 0.001

From chart we have ω = 0

For Ground Level

Mdl = (α2+3/ α1+ α2+6)+H*L (15.58+3/26.78+15.58+6)*21.47*4.7=38.79knm

Usd = L1 = Nu/fcd*Ac = 379.12*103/5262*11.33 = 0.121

Usd = U = Md2/fcd*Ac*b = 38.79*106/11.33*5263 = 0.024

-by using design chart d’/b = 25/400= 0.0625=0.1

Read ω for Usd = 0.121, & usd = 0.024

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From chart we have ω = 0

:- provide minimum reinforcement

Asmin = 0.008Ac = 0.008*2.77*105 = 2216mm2

Take ϕ16 : as = ∏*d2/4 =∏*202/4 = 314mm2

Number of bar = As/as = 2216/314 = 7.05=8

:- provide 8ϕ20mm

√❑

3.5 where d = s-2(cc)-2(ϕ/2)

= 526-2(52.6)-2*20/2 = 400.8mm

Cc = 0.1*s = 0.1*526 = 52.6mm

 I4 = ∏r2/4+Ad2 where A = ꓥ*∏r2

= 7*∏*82
∏*10 /4+8*∏*10 *400.8 =4.04*108
2 2 2

 EIe = 0.2*Ec+Ic+Ey Iy Ec =1100Fcd

= 0.2*12463*6.4*109+
200,000*4.04*108
=96.66*1012 =1100*11.33
= 12463mpa
Ey = 200,000mpa
Step -7: determination of from stability inertia

Nsd /Ncr ≤0.1 ……non-sway

Nsd/Ncr > 0.1……..sway

 Ncr = ∏2*EIe*103/Le2 = ∏2*96.66*103/(7.34)2= 1.77*104

level Mdl(km) Nu(kn) αm vsd usd As(mm2) No of Iy
ω bar
F 1.560 494.5 15.58 0.158 0.001 0 2216 8 4.04*108

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G 38.79 379.12 21.18 0.121 0.024 0 2216 8 4.04*108

1st 21.97 217.41 21.97 0.069 0.013 0 2216 8 4.04*108
2nd 14.99 28.29 14.185 0.009 0.009 0 2216 8 4.04*108

level ∑Ie*102 Le(m) Nsd(kn) Ncr(Kn) Nsd/Ncr Frame

condition
F 96.66 7.34 494.5 1.77*104 0.028 Non sway
G 96.66 19.9 379.12 2.4*103 0.16 Sway
1st 96.66 10.77 217.41 8.23*103 0.026 Non sway
2nd 96.66 12.023 28.29 6.592*103 0.004 sway

 Step-8: check for slenderness ratio. for Sway and Non sway
 For isolated column
A =Le/l = α m+0.4/ α m+0.8 ≥0.7 α m = α 1+ α 2/2

 for must … frame

A = √ 12∗∏/ k 1+ L

α1 = k1+kc/k11+k12
α2 = k2+kc/k21+k22

Level K1 K2 K11 K12 K21 K22 kc αc1 αc2 αm l le ¥ A

F 2.5 0 0.71 0.19 0 0 5.98 9. 0 4.7 21.8 0.1 15.5
4 5 2
G 4.7 5.98 0.71 0.19 0.71 0.185 2.54 8. 9.5 8.8 4.7 4.9 0.1 41.08
8 4 1 2
1st 3.5 5.98 0.71 0.19 0.71 0.185 4.78 9. 11.97 10. 2.5 2.6 0.1 21.67
7 4 3 2
2nd 0 5.98 0.71 0.19 0.71 0.185 3.57 3. 10.62 7.3 3.35 3.6 0.1 29.67
4 9 2

Le=( αm+0.4/ αm+0.8)*L

Level M1 M2 λ Λcomputed 2ndorder effect

Foundation 15.56 17.99 28.38 28.38> Λcomputed Ignore
Ground 9.23 24.0 40.4 40.4< Λcomputed If ignore
1st -13.82 17.38 69.88 69.88>Λcomputed Ignore
2nd 6.28 -11.04 64.2 64.2> Λcomputed Ignore

 Λ<140 so no need to be increase the depth.

Step-9: determination of additional moment (ma)

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Ma = La*Nu La = Le/300≥20mm

Le = L radical of 1+0.8mm……..for sway case

Le/L = 0.4+αm/0.8+αm ≥0.7……….for non-sway case

Level Le(m) Nu ea(min) Ma(kN/m)

Foundation 4.75 494.5 20 9.89
Ground 8.82 379.12 29.4 11.14
1st 10.6 217.41 35.3 7.72
2nd 7.3 28.29 24.3 0.687

Step-10: determination of first order moment

Level |eo1| |eo2| ea1-avarege ea1 –take ea1 Nu(KN) Mst(KN)

Foundation 0.0315 0.064 0.03 0.03 494.5 14.84
Ground 0.0243 0.0634 0.04 0.04 379.12 15.16
1st 0.0636 0.08 0.07 0.07 217.41 15.23
2nd 0.222 0.390 0.31 0.31 28.29 8.77

Level Mst (Knm) Mp=M2(Kn|m) Ma(Kn|m) Mt=(Ma+Mmax)

Foundation 14.84 17.99 9.89 27.97
Ground 15.16 24.0 11.14 35.15
1st 15.23 17.38 7.72 25.1
2nd 8.77 -11.04 0.687 11.72

Level Nsd(KN Msd(kn|M) Vsd Usd ω As=Asmin Φ$ no of bar As provide

)
F 494.5 14.84 0.55 0.016 0 640 5 Φ14 769.3mm2
G 379.12 15.16 0.42 0.0167 0 640 5 Φ14 769.3 mm2
1st 217.41 15.23 0.22 0.0168 0 640 5 Φ14 769.3 mm2
2nd 28.29 8.77 0.03 0.01 0 640 5 Φ14 769.3 mm2

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FOOT ING DESIGN

Fed = 25 mpa mx= 36.2 KN/m

fyh= 400 mpa my = 26.67 KN/m

Column size = 40 x40cm qz = 823.67kN/m

pmt= 850mpa

I. proportioning of footing
36.2
e 1=¿mx
q2= =0.0439 m¿
823.82

my 26.67
eb=¿ qz = =0.0312 m¿
823.82

Assume the size of foot mg

L
let B= 2 then = 1 (square footing)
B

L= 1x2 = 2

qut = 850mpa

Check δ max ≤ δ urt and δ min ≥ using flexural formal determine. δ

a d
Y
el
x
eb b=2
X
b c

L= 2

P 6 el 6 eb
δ= [1± ± ]
A 1 B

823.82 6 x 0.0439 6 x 0.0312

δa = [1 + ]= 198.12
2x 2 2 2

823.82 + 6 x 0.0439 6 x 0.0312

δb = [1 + ]= 252.36
2x 2 2 2

823.82 + 6 x 0.0439 6 x 0.0312

δc = [1 − ]= 213.80
2x 2 2 2

823.82 −6 x 0.0439 6 x 0.0312

δD = [1 − ]= 159.55
2x 2 2 2

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Since there is no big dissidence b/n δb∧δD we take the overage

δa+ δb+ δc+δd 198.11+252.36+213,80+159.55

Save = = 205.96 ≈ 206 kpa
4 4
δ max ¿ qut −−−−ok !
δ min¿ 0−−−ok !
II. structural design
In this design of footing limited state design is used depth determination
A. punching shear

=206Kpa

vacting = p- [(0.4+d)(0.4+d) savg)

vresisting = 2[(0.4+d) + (0.4+d)] (d)(vp)

= 4(0.4+d) (d) up

vp= 0.5 fctd {1 + 50p) use pe = 0.005 where fctd=

√
0.35 25 x 106
1.5 .
=1167 kpa

= 0.5 x 1167 x [ 1 x50 x0.005]

= 730kpa

vresisting= 4 x(0.4+d) (d) x 730= 2920d(0.4 +d)= 1168d + 292ad2

vacting = 823.82- (0.4+d) (0.4+d) x206 = 823.82-206(0.16+0.8d+d2)

= 823.82kn – (32.96 + 164.8d+206d2)

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= -206d2 -164.8d+790.86

vresisting = 16 cting

1168d+2920d2 = 206d2 – 164.8d + 790.86

3126d2 + 1332.8d – 790.86= 0+soving by dp= 0.333m

B, wide beam shear (diagonal tension)

b
¿
where x= b 2 0.4
2− − −d=0.8−d
2−d ¿ 3 2

a b 2 0.4
X= [ − – d] = − –d 0.8 –d
2 2 2 2

The critical section for wide beam shear is section 1-1 and 2-2

i. along critical section 1-1 and 2-2

V acting = ax X2savg = 2x(0.8-d) = 3296- 412d
vw = a xd x va
as
vw = 0.3 fetd [ 1 + 50 pe] were δ= < 0.008 use 0.005
bd
vis =0.3 x 1163 x [1+50x 0.005] 438kpa
V restring = 438 x 2 xd =1314d
V acting= v resisting
329.6 – 412d= 1314d
d wbs 2-2 = d wbs 1-1 = d2 = 0.191.
Cambering d and d2 punching governs
d. 0.35m using cover of 5cm
D= 40cm
C,bending moment reinforcement in y-y and x-x direction

B a
m x = my-y= 0.5 ( − ) 2 (1) (savg)
2 2

2 0.40 2
= 0.5 ( − ) (2) (206) = 131.84kn.m
2 2

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m= 131.84kn.m d= 0.35m
1.25
δ= [1- √ ¿ ¿]
m
1.25 fyd 347. 83
δ= [1- √ ¿ ¿] m= =
38.37 0.8 fed 0.8 x 11.33
δ = 0.000326 m. 38.37
As = δ bd= 0.0032 x 2000 x 400= 2605.93 mm
As = mm = 0.002 x 1000 x 400= 800 mm2 < 2605.93mm2
use ∅ 22 as = 380.133 mm2
as xb 38.83 x 1000
s= = =145.9 min
as 2605.93
- provide φ 22 c/c 150 mm
check bond length (development length)
φ srd fyk 400
ib required = ( ), = fyd= = 347.83
4 xfbd 1.15 1.15
B 40
Ib available = ( − −5) ,
2 2
150 40
=( − −5) = 50cm
2 2
for bond of good condition in deformed bars
0.21 fek 0.35 √ 25
fvd= 2 fctd = ( ¿= 1.167
1.5. 1.5
22 347.83 2.2 x 347.83
Ib required = x = =163.93 cm
4 1.167 4 x 1.167
Ib required > Ib available
The reinforcement bars should be bent ta the end structural detailing

c
∅ 22 150 mm
c

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