Mathematics: Analysis & Approaches SL & HL

1 Page Formula Sheet – First Examinations 2021 – Updated Version 1.3

Prior Learning SL & HL Topic 3: Geometry and trigonometry – SL & HL Topic 4: Statistics and probability – HL only
P(𝐵)P(𝐴|𝐵)
Area: Parallelogram 𝐴 = 𝑏ℎ , 𝑏 = base, ℎ = height Distance between 2 points P(𝐵|𝐴) =
(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 , 𝒛𝟏 ) , (𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 , 𝒛𝟐 ) 𝑑 = √(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )2 + (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )2 + (𝑧1 − 𝑧2 )2 P(𝐵)P(𝐴|𝐵) + P(𝐵′ )P(𝐴|𝐵′ )
1 P(𝐵𝑖 |𝐴) =
Area: Triangle 𝐴 = 2 (𝑏ℎ) , 𝑏 = base, ℎ = height Bayes’ theorem
Coordinates of midpoint of 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 P(𝐵𝑖 )P(𝐴|𝐵𝑖 )
1 a line with endpoints ( , , ) P(𝐵1 )P(𝐴|𝐵1 ) + P(𝐵2 )P(𝐴|𝐵2 ) + P(𝐵3 )P(𝐴|𝐵3 )
Area: Trapezoid 𝐴 = 2 (𝑎 + 𝑏)ℎ , 𝑎, 𝑏 = parallel sides, ℎ = height (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 , 𝒛𝟏 ) , (𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 , 𝒛𝟐 ) 2 2 2
Area: Circle 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 , 𝑟 = radius 1 ∑𝑘
𝑖=1 𝑓𝑖 (𝑥𝑖 −𝜇)
2 ∑𝑘
𝑖=1 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖
2
Volume: Right-pyramid 𝑉 = 3 𝐴ℎ , 𝐴 = base area, ℎ = height Variance 𝝈𝟐 𝜎2 = = − 𝜇2
𝑛 𝑛
Circumference: Circle 𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑟, 𝑟 = radius Volume: Right cone
1
𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ , 𝑟= radius, ℎ = height
∑𝑘
𝑖=1 𝑓𝑖 (𝑥𝑖 −𝜇)
2
Volume: Cuboid 𝑉 = 𝑙𝑤ℎ , 𝑙 = length, 𝑤 = width, ℎ = height Standard Deviation 𝝈 𝜎=√
Area: Cone curve 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟𝑙 , 𝑟= radius, 𝑙 = slant height 𝑛
Volume: Cylinder 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ , 𝑟 = radius, ℎ = height 4
E(𝑎𝑋 + 𝑏) = 𝑎E(𝑋) + 𝑏
Volume: Sphere 𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟 3 , 𝑟 = radius Linear transformation of
Volume: Prism 𝑉 = 𝐴ℎ , 𝐴 = cross-section area, ℎ = height a single random variable Var(𝑎𝑋 + 𝑏) = 𝑎2 Var(𝑋)
Surface area: Sphere 𝐴 = 4𝜋𝑟 2 , 𝑟 = radius
Area: Cylinder curve 𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ , 𝑟 = radius, ℎ = height Expected value: Continuous ∞
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 E(𝑋) = 𝜇 = ∫−∞ 𝑥𝑓(𝑥)d𝑥
Sine rule = = random variable X
Distance between two sin𝐴 sin𝐵 sin𝐶
)2 (𝑦 )2
points (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) , (𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 ) 𝑑 = √(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 1 − 𝑦2 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 2𝑎𝑏 cos 𝐶 Variance Var(𝑋) = E[(𝑋 − 𝜇)2 ] = E(𝑋 2 ) − [E(𝑋)]2
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2 Cosine rule 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 𝑐 2 Variance of a discrete Var(𝑋) = ∑(𝑥 − 𝜇)2 P(𝑋 = 𝑥)
Coordinates of midpoint ( , ), for endpoints (𝑥1 , 𝑦1), (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) cos 𝐶 =
2 2 2𝑎𝑏 random variable X = ∑ 𝑥 2 P(𝑋 = 𝑥) − 𝜇2
1 ∞
Area: Triangle 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑏 sin 𝐶 Variance of a continuous Var(𝑋) = ∫−∞(𝑥 − 𝜇)2 𝑓(𝑥)d𝑥
Topic 1: Number and algebra - SL & HL 2
random variable X ∞
= ∫−∞ 𝑥 2 𝑓(𝑥)d𝑥 − 𝜇2
Length of an arc 𝑙 = 𝑟𝜃 , 𝑟 = radius, 𝜃 = angle in radians
The 𝒏th term of an
𝑢𝑛 = 𝑢1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 Area of a sector
1
𝐴 = 2 𝑟 2 𝜃 , 𝑟 = radius, 𝜃 = angle in radians
arithmetic sequence
Topic 5: Calculus - SL & HL
Sum of 𝒏 terms of an 𝑛 𝑛 Identity for 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 tan 𝜃 =
sin 𝜃
𝑠𝑛 = (2𝑢1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑) = (𝑢1 + 𝑢𝑛 ) cos 𝜃 Derivative of 𝒙𝒏 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 ⇒ 𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1
arithmetic sequence 2 2
Pythagorean identity cos 2 𝜃 + sin 𝜃 = 1
2
𝑥 𝑛+1
The 𝒏th term of a Integral of 𝒙𝒏 ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝐶 , 𝑛 ≠ −1
𝑢𝑛 = 𝑢1 𝑟 𝑛−1 sin 2𝜃 = 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑛+1
geometric sequence 𝑏
cos 2𝜃 = cos 2 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃 Area between curve
Sum of 𝒏 terms of a 𝑢1 (𝑟 𝑛 − 1) 𝑢1 (1 − 𝑟 𝑛 ) Double angle identities 𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 , where 𝑓(𝑥) > 0
𝑠𝑛 = = ,𝑟 ≠ 1 = 2 cos 2 𝜃 − 1 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) & 𝒙-axis
finite geometric seq. 𝑟−1 1−𝑟 𝑎
= 1 − 2 sin2 𝜃
𝑟 𝑘𝑛 Derivative of 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓′(𝑥) = cos 𝑥
𝐹𝑉 = 𝑃𝑉 × (1 +
100𝑘
) Topic 3: Geometry and trigonometry – HL only Derivative of 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓′(𝑥) = − sin 𝑥
𝐹𝑉 is future value, 𝑃𝑉 is present value, 𝑛 is Reciprocal trigonometric 1 1
Compound interest sec 𝜃 = ; cosec 𝜃 = Derivative of 𝒆𝒙 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥
the number of years, 𝑘 is the number of identities cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
1
compounding periods per year, 𝑟% is the Pythagorean identities 1 + tan2 𝜃 = sec 2 𝜃 ; 1 + cot 2 𝜃 = cosec 2 𝜃 Derivative of 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 𝑓(𝑥) = ln 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓′(𝑥) =
nominal annual rate of interest 𝑥
sin(𝐴 ± 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 ± cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
𝑥
Exponents & logarithms 𝑎 = 𝑏 ⇔ 𝑥 = log 𝑎 𝑏 , 𝑎, 𝑏 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1 Compound angle Chain rule 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑢) , 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑥) ⇒ = ×
cos(𝐴 ± 𝐵) = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 ∓ sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
log 𝑎 𝑥𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥 + log 𝑎 𝑦 identities tan 𝐴 ± tan 𝐵 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
𝑥 tan(𝐴 ± 𝐵) = Product rule 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑣 ⇒ =𝑢 +𝑣
1 ∓ tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
log 𝑎 = log 𝑎 𝑥 − log 𝑎 𝑦
𝑦 Double angle identity 2 tan 𝜃 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
Exponents & logarithms tan 2𝜃 =
log 𝑎 𝑥 𝑚 = 𝑚 log 𝑎 𝑥 for tan 1 − tan2 𝜃 Quotient rule 𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑦= ⇒ =
log𝑏 𝑥 Magnitude of a vector |𝒗| = √𝑣1 2 + 𝑣2 2 + 𝑣3 2 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 𝑣2
log 𝑎 𝑥 = d𝑣 d2 𝑠
log 𝑏 𝑎 Acceleration
𝒗 ∙ 𝒘 = 𝑣1 𝑤1 + 𝑣2 𝑤2 + 𝑣3 𝑤3 𝑎= = 2
The sum of an infinite 𝑢1 d𝑡 d𝑡
𝑠∞ = , |𝑟| < 1
Scalar product 𝒗 ∙ 𝒘 = |𝒗||𝒘| cos 𝜃 𝑡2 𝑡2
geometric sequence 1−𝑟 where 𝜃 is the angle between 𝒗 and 𝒘 Distance; Displacement
dist = ∫ |𝑣(𝑡)| 𝑑𝑡 ; disp = ∫ 𝑣(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
travelled from 𝒕𝟏 to 𝒕𝟐
Binomial Theorem Angle between two 𝑣1 𝑤1 + 𝑣2 𝑤2 + 𝑣3 𝑤3 𝑡1 𝑡1
𝑎𝑛 + (𝑛1)𝑎𝑛−1 𝑏+. . . +(𝑛𝑟)𝑎𝑛−𝑟 𝑏𝑟 +. . . + 𝑏𝑛 cos 𝜃 = 1
for 𝑛 ∈ ℕ, (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑛 = vectors |𝒗||𝒘|
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ln|𝑥| + 𝐶
𝑛 𝑛! Vector equ. of a line 𝒓 = 𝒂 + 𝜆𝒃 𝑥
Binomial coefficient ( ) = nC r =
𝑟 𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟)! Parametric form of the ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥 = 𝑥0 + 𝜆𝑙, 𝑦 = 𝑦0 + 𝜆𝑚, 𝑧 = 𝑧0 + 𝜆𝑛
equation of a line Standard integrals
Topic 1: Number and algebra - HL only
Cartesian equations of 𝑥 − 𝑥0 𝑦 − 𝑦0 𝑧 − 𝑧0 ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 + 𝐶
Combinations; 𝑛! 𝑛! = =
nC
r= ; nP
r = (𝑛−𝑟)! a line 𝑙 𝑚 𝑛
Permutations 𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟)! 𝑣2 𝑤3 − 𝑣3 𝑤2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶
(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑛 = 𝒗 × 𝒘 = (𝑣3 𝑤1 − 𝑣1 𝑤3 ) 𝑏
Extension of Binomial 𝑣1 𝑤2 − 𝑣2 𝑤1 Area enclosed by a
𝑏 𝑛(𝑛 − 1) 𝑏 2 Vector product 𝐴 = ∫ |𝑦| 𝑑𝑥
Theorem, 𝑛 ∈ ℚ 𝑎𝑛 (1 + 𝑛 ( ) + ( ) +. . . ) |𝒗 × 𝒘| = |𝒗||𝒘| sin 𝜃 curve and 𝒙-axis 𝑎
𝑎 2! 𝑎
where 𝜃 is the angle between 𝒗 and 𝒘
Complex numbers 𝑧 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 Topic 5: Calculus – HL only
Area of a 𝐴 = |𝒗 × 𝒘| , where 𝒗 and 𝒘 form two
Modulus-argument (polar) parallelogram adjacent sides of a parallelogram Derivative of 𝒇(𝒙) d𝑦 𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑧 = 𝑟(cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝜃) = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃
= 𝑟cis𝜃 = 𝑓′(𝑥) = lim ( )
& Exponential (Euler) form from first principles d𝑥 ℎ→0 ℎ
Vector equ. of a plane 𝒓 = 𝒂 + 𝜆𝒃 + 𝜇𝒄
[𝑟(cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝜃)]𝑛 = Equation of a plane 𝒓 ∙ 𝒏 = 𝒂 ∙ 𝒏 (using the normal vector) 𝑓(𝑥) = tan 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = sec 2 𝑥
De Moivre’s theorem
𝑟 𝑛 (cos
𝑛𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝑛𝜃) = 𝑟 𝑒 𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑛
= 𝑟 cis𝑛𝜃 𝑓(𝑥) = sec 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥
Cartesian equ. of a plane 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧 = 𝑑
𝑓(𝑥) = cosec 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −cosec 𝑥 cot 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = cot 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −cosec 2 𝑥
Topic 2: Functions – SL & HL Topic 4: Statistics and probability - SL & HL 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑥 (ln 𝑎)
Equations of a 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 ; 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑑 = 0 ; Interquartile range IQR = 𝑄3 − 𝑄1 1
Standard 𝑓(𝑥) = log𝑎 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
straight line 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) ̅ , of a set of
Mean, 𝒙 ∑𝑘 derivatives 𝑥 ln 𝑎
𝑖=1 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 data 𝑥̅ = , where 𝑛 = ∑𝑘𝑖=1 𝑓𝑖 𝑓(𝑥) = arcsin 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
1
𝑛
Gradient formula 𝑚= √1 − 𝑥 2
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 𝑛(𝐴)
Probability of an event A P(𝐴) = 1
Axis of symmetry of a 𝑏 𝑛(𝑢) 𝑓(𝑥) = arccos 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 ⇒ 𝑥 = − √1 − 𝑥 2
quadratic function 2𝑎 Complementary events P(𝐴) + P(𝐴′ ) = 1 1
Solutions of a quadratic 𝑓(𝑥) = arctan 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
Combined events P(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = P(𝐴) + P(𝐵) − P(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 1 + 𝑥2
equation in the form
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= ,𝑎 ≠ 0 1
𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 2𝑎 Mutually exclusive
P(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = P(𝐴) + P(𝐵) ∫ 𝑎 𝑥 d𝑥 = ln 𝑎 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝐶
events
Standard 1 1 𝑥
Discriminant ∆ = 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 P(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∫ 𝑎2 +𝑥2 d𝑥 = 𝑎 arctan (𝑎) + 𝐶
Conditional probability P(𝐴|𝐵) = integrals
Exponential and 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 ln 𝑎 ; log 𝑎 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑥 = 𝑎 log𝑎 𝑥 P(𝐵) 1 𝑥
∫ √𝑎2 −𝑥2 d𝑥 = arcsin (𝑎) + 𝐶 , |𝑥| < 𝑎
logarithmic functions where 𝑎, 𝑥 > 0 , 𝑎 ≠ 1 Independent events P(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = P(𝐴)P(𝐵)
d𝑣 d𝑢
Expected value: Discrete Integration by parts ∫ 𝑢 d𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 d𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Topic 2: Functions – HL only random variable X
E(𝑋) = ∑ 𝑥 P(𝑋 = 𝑥)
𝑛 Area enclosed by a 𝑏
Sum & product of the ∑ 𝑎𝑟 𝑥 𝑟 = 0
Binomial distribution 𝑋~B(𝑛, 𝑝)
curve and 𝒚-axis
𝐴 = ∫𝑎 |𝑥| 𝑑𝑦
roots of polynomial Mean ; Variance E(𝑋) = 𝑛𝑝 ; Var(𝑋) = 𝑛𝑝(1 − 𝑝)
𝑟=0 Volume of revolution 𝑏 𝑏
equations of the form −𝑎𝑛−1 (−1)𝑛 𝑎0 Standardized normal 𝑥−𝜇 about 𝒙 or 𝒚-axes 𝑉 = ∫𝑎 𝜋𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 or 𝑉 = ∫𝑎 𝜋𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦
⇒ Sum is ; product is 𝑧=
𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛 variable 𝜎 𝑦𝑛+1 = 𝑦𝑛 + ℎ × 𝑓(𝑥𝑛 , 𝑦𝑛 ); 𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 + ℎ
Euler’s method
where ℎ is a constant (step length)

www.revisionvillage.com Integrating factor for

𝒚′ + 𝑷(𝒙)𝒚 = 𝑸(𝒙) 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃(𝑥)d𝑥
𝑥 2 ′′
Maclaurin series 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(0) + 𝑥𝑓 ′ (0) + 𝑓 (0)+ . ..
IB Math Exam Questionbanks IB Math Practice Exams (Full Length) 2!
2 2 3
IB Math Learning Videos IB Math Practice Exams by Topic ∙ 𝑒 𝑥 = 1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥2! + ... ∙ ln(1 + 𝑥) = 𝑥 − 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 − ...
IB Math Past Paper Video Solutions IB Math Practice Exams by Difficulty Maclaurin series for 3 5 2 4
∙ sin 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝑥3! + 𝑥5! − ... ∙ cos 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑥2! + 𝑥4! − ...
special functions
Voted #1 IB Mathematics Resource & used by 350,000+ IB Students & Teachers Worldwide ∙ arctan 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝑥3 + 𝑥5 − ...
3 5