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Practical 4

This experiment determines the endpoint of an acid-base titration using a pH meter. The procedure involves titrating a sample of HCl of unknown concentration with a 0.2 M NaOH solution. The pH is measured after each addition of NaOH and recorded. A graph of pH vs volume of NaOH added is plotted, and the endpoint is identified as the sharp increase in pH. The concentration of the original HCl sample is then calculated using the titration data and the acid-base reaction equation.

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vimukthi gunasingha
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31 views

Practical 4

This experiment determines the endpoint of an acid-base titration using a pH meter. The procedure involves titrating a sample of HCl of unknown concentration with a 0.2 M NaOH solution. The pH is measured after each addition of NaOH and recorded. A graph of pH vs volume of NaOH added is plotted, and the endpoint is identified as the sharp increase in pH. The concentration of the original HCl sample is then calculated using the titration data and the acid-base reaction equation.

Uploaded by

vimukthi gunasingha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment 4

Determination of the end point of titration using a pH meter

Objective: to gain experience performing acid-base titrations with a pH meter and plot titration
curves of pH vs ml of titrant added.

Theory: Frequently an acid or a base is quantitatively determined by titration using a pH meter to


detect the equivalence point rather than using a visual indicator. This has the advantage that one
actually monitors the change in pH at the equivalence point rather than just observing the change
in colour of a visual indicator. This eliminates any indicator blank error. Some laboratory workers
complain that this method is more tedious than methods using visual indicators; they soon find,
however, that after running one titration to find out the approximate location of the equivalence
point, they only need to concern themselves with the dropwise addition of titrant close to the
equivalence point on subsequent titrations.

The results are plotted in a graph that shows the general pattern of how the pH changes when a
strong acid reacts with a strong base. It is necessary initially to calibrate a pH meter so as to give
accurate pH values for each pH reading.

Procedure:
1. 0.2 M NaOH solution is provided.
2. HCl solution of unknown concentration is provided.
3. Switch on the instrument and wait for 10–15 minutes so that machine gets warmed up.

Prepare the buffer solution by adding buffer tablets of pH = 4 and pH = 9.2 in 100 mL of water
separately. Wash the electrode with distilled water. Then, dip the electrode in the buffer solution
(pH = 4) taken in a beaker, so that the electrode is immersed in the solution properly. Measure the
temperature of the solution and set the temperature compensation control accordingly. Set the
pointer to pH = 7 exactly means of set = 0 control. Put the selector switch to the proper pH range
of 0–7 (as the buffer pH = 4). So the pointers to the known pH value of the buffer by burning the
set buffer control. Put back the selector at zero position. Wash the electrode with distilled water

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and standardize the pH meter using a basic buffer solution pH = 9.2. The same procedure is to be
followed except the selector switch is put to a range of 7–14.

4. pH-metric Titration: Clean the electrode with distilled water and wipe them with tissue paper
or filter paper. Take 40 mL of HCl solution in a 100 mL beaker or conical and immerse the
electrode in it. Set the burette with NaOH solution. Put the selector at the expected range (0–7).
The reading shown on the scale of the pH meter is the pH value of the HCl solution. Add NaOH
solution dropwise from the burette (maximum 0.5 mL at a time), shake the solution well and note
the corresponding pH values. Near the endpoint, the volume of NaOH added should be as small
as possible because the acid is neutralized and there will be a sharp increase in pH values. Further
addition of even 0.01 mL of NaOH, increases the pH value to about 9–10. Put back the selector to
zero position after pH measurement, and always keep the selector at zero position when it is not
in use.

Observation and Calculation:


V1- Volume of HCl V2- Volume of NaOH C1-Concentration of unknown HCl
C2- Concentration of NaOH

Table 1:-
Volume of HCl taken (V1) Volume of NaOH added pH
(mL) (V2) (mL)

Plot a graph between pH and volume of NaOH added and find out the volume of NaOH required
(V2 mL) for complete neutralization of HCl from the graph. Then find out the unknown
concentration of HCl (C1).
C1V1 = C2V2
 Concentration of HCl (C1) = (C2V2/V1)

Conclusion: The concentration of the unknown HCl is …………………. M

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