Occupational Safety and Health
* What is the content of occupational safety and health?
The content of occupational safety and health: It is that science that is
concerned with preserving the health and safety of people in the workplace
by providing a work environment free from risks and causes of diseases,
accidents and injuries.
* What is the concept of industrial security?
The concept of industrial security: It is the measures that are taken in order
to protect workers from the risks and accidents that they may be exposed to
during work.
Industrial safety steps:
1- Full attention to protective equipment.
2- The importance of having first aid tools
3- Allocating a specific place for flammable materials and chemicals
4- Doing trainings on the concept of industrial security in the workplace
5- Posting posters and banners in workplaces.
* What do you know about the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration?
Occupational safety and health legislation: - Until 1970, there were no laws
or regular legislation in occupational safety and health, and in 1971 the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) was established.
It is the body responsible for issuing occupational safety and health
legislation and laws and enforcing their implementation in the working
hours and their purpose:
1- Encouraging workers and employers to reduce risks
2- Keeping permanent records to follow up on occupational injuries and
diseases
3- Preparing training programs to raise awareness among workers
4- Determine the responsibilities and duties of each of the workers and
employers
* Mention only 2 safety rules in welding workshops?
1- Provide good ventilation.
2- Withdraw fumes and gases continuously.
*What are the escape routes (emergency exits)?
Occupational safety and health programs for public industries (safety
engineering) and are concerned with the specifications of evacuating
buildings in the event of any emergency and providing pathways and means
of escape from the occupants as soon as possible.
Escape routes: It is the safe path that a person takes to escape from the
building to a place where he finds safety and security.
It consists of:
A- The access path to the exit
B-Exit
C - outlet exchange port
According to the Labor Law, providing a safe environment for the
employees section includes providing them with protection tools such as:
-The helmet
Eye protection goggles
Protective shoes
Earmuffs and gloves
- Jackets for protection from chemicals and radiation
And also through the department of monitoring machines, ensuring their
safety and early detection of any errors in order to control small errors
before they aggravate and affect the workers and the entire building during
the occurrence of accidents.
*What is the definition of accident?
Definition of accident: It is everything that happens unexpectedly without
prior expectation and results in material or human damage as a result of
several factors:
A - coincidental factors
b- Work-related factors
C- Factors related to individuals
* What is the definition of work injury?
Definition of work injury:
It is the injury that occurs to the worker in the workplace or because of it.
*What is the definition of occupational disease?
Definition of occupational diseases:
They are limited diseases that affect the worker as a result of environmental
pollution such as (noise - vibration - radiation - heat - humidity ... etc.)
* All sources of energy may cause injury and harm to workers, which are as
follows.
1- Electrical sources
2- Mechanical sources
3- Hydraulic sources
4- Air sources
5- Heat sources
6- Chemical sources
7-Gas
OSHA has issued the final rules for the system of controlling energy sources
by using devices to isolate energy sources before starting work with
machines and equipment and placing signs on them indicating that they are
out of service due to the presence of maintenance work.
Mention the colors of electrical wires used in electrical connections?
* The following colors are used to distinguish between electrical wires
A - black or blue color (live wire)
B - white or gray (neutral wire)
C - green or yellow with green (ground wire)
* What are the dangers of electricity?
A- Electric shock
B-burns
C- Sparks occur
D- Burns and explosions
The risk of falling
*What is the definition of heat?
* Heat: - It means the rise in the temperature surrounding a person beyond
the limit that he cannot bear, which exposes him to many risks, including
death and its final cause. Exposure to high temperature and methods of
prevention.
*What is the definition of cold?
* Cold: It is the decrease in temperature to the extent that affects the human
being in the work environment. The jobs in which workers are exposed to
the harmful effects of cold have been identified and ways to prevent them.
* Lighting: It means the increase or decrease in the intensity of lighting
beyond the required limit, which affects the safety of the eye. The work in
which workers are exposed to weak or increased lighting and ways to
prevent it were also identified.
* What is meant by noise and what are its types?
* Noise: It is the loudness of sounds that affect the ear in humans and their
types.
A - continuous noise
B - intermittent noise
C - peripheral noise
E- white noise
And the work in which workers are exposed to the harmful effects of noise
and the damages resulting from it and ways to prevent it may be identified.
* What is the definition of mechanical hazards to which a person is exposed
in the workplace?
Definition of mechanical hazards: It is everything that a person is exposed to
in the workplace, from collision or contact between his body and a solid
object.
* What are the safety requirements when designing workshops?
A- Construction materials must be non-combustible.
B- The floors must be poured with concrete so that they are not impregnated
with petroleum materials
C- All electrical connections must be secure.
D- The workshop shall be provided with a water source, a washing basin,
and a drainage system
* What are the safety requirements when working in mechanical
workshops?
A- It is prohibited to make any electrical connections except with the
knowledge of specialists
B- Allocate a suitable place in the workshops to store the workers' clothes
C- Allocate a suitable place to store tools and equipment
D- It is prohibited to keep petroleum materials inside the workshops
f- It is prohibited to use petroleum products in hand washing
G- The workers shall be provided with the appropriate protective equipment
inside the workshops
E- Smoking is prohibited inside the workshops.
Did you know the fire?
* Definition of fires: The Occupational Safety and Health Administration
defined the definition of fires, what are their causes and types, as well as the
different uses of fire extinguishers.
Definition of fire: Fire is a chemical reaction that includes rapid oxidation of
flammable materials.
* What are the elements of ignition?
Ignition Elements:-
A- Flammable material
B- air (oxygen)
c- heat (ignition sources)
D - chain chemical reaction
*What are the types of fires and their extinguishing materials?
A-First type A fires:
They are fires that occur in solid materials (wood - papers - rubber -
clothes ... etc.)
The best material used to extinguish this type of fire is water.
B- Fires of the second type (B): It is the fire that occurs in liquid and
gaseous materials such as gasoline - diesel - and alcohols ---- etc.) and the
best materials used in extinguishing are foam and carbon dioxide - powder,
and water is not used because it increases from the ignition process
C- Fires of the third type C: - These are fires that arise in equipment and
electrical appliances. The best materials used in extinguishing are carbon
dioxide - powder - halon. Water or foam is not used because they are good
conductors of electricity, which leads to the fireman's disability.
D- Fires of the fourth type: D: These are fires that arise in minerals such as
sodium-potassium-magnesium, and a special type of dry powder is used to
extinguish these fires.
D - Fires of the fifth type k: - It is a modern type of fires that occur in
vegetable oils in kitchens.
*What are the types of fire extinguishers?
• 1- Water extinguishers
• 2- Foam extinguishers
• 3- Dry powder extinguishers
• 4- Carbon dioxide extinguishers
• 5- Halon extinguishers
• 6- Liquid powder extinguishers for kitchens
*choose the correct answer:
The factors that lead to the accident are...
(chance factors - factors related to work - factors related to individuals - all
of that)
The research elements in the accident are
……………………………………………………….
(Cause - time of accident - responsible for the accident)
The time of the accident inspection should be...
(after a period of its occurrence - immediately after its occurrence - on the
following day - not from the above)
An increase in the noise level is an example.
(chance factors - factors related to work - factors related to individuals - all
of the above)
Follow industrial safety signs and warnings, for example.
(chance factors - factors related to work - factors related to individuals)
- The foundations of the success of the industrial security management
are ..............
(planning - scientific research - training - all of that)
Dangerous places are places...
(Few risks - which have no risks - which have excess risks)
The presence of a substance in the air with a high concentration that causes
harm to humans, animals or plants is called .....
(water pollution - air pollution - soil pollution - all of the above)
Symptoms of electric shock...
(Electrical burns - electrical scars - physical damage - all of the above)
Fires that occur in solid materials such as paper and wood are called fires.
(First type fires - Second type fires - Third type fires)
It is used to extinguish solid materials fires
(foam extinguisher - water extinguisher - powder extinguisher - carbon
dioxide extinguisher)
- It is used to extinguish flammable liquid fires
(foam extinguisher - water extinguisher - powder extinguisher - carbon
dioxide extinguisher)
- Used......... to extinguish fires in electrical appliances
(foam extinguisher - powder extinguisher - water extinguisher - carbon
dioxide extinguisher)
Put a √ sign or an x sign:
1- One of the steps of industrial safety is full attention to protective
equipment (✔)
2- Providing protection for all production elements from the objectives of
industrial security ((✔)
3- Monitoring section of the industrial security departments ((✔)
4- Training programs are among the services provided by the Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (✔)
5- Adequate lighting must be installed in the emergency exits ((✔)
6- The emergency exit shall be of positive pressure ((✔)
7- Accidents happen as a precaution and there is no reason for them (✖)
8- Failure to follow the instructions of the shift head of work-related factors
(✖ )
9- Failure to follow industrial security signs and warnings regarding factors
related to individuals (✔)
10- The accident has two basic elements: (cause - consequence) (✔)
11- Noise does not affect human performance at work (✖)
12- The work observer is the first to inspect the accidents (✔)
13- Gases that pollute the environment lead to occupational diseases (✔)
14- A high temperature leads to a decrease in mental ability and a lack of
concentration for the worker (✔)
15- Not eating table salt while working is one of the ways to prevent heat
(✖)
16- Electrical burns are not a manifestation of electric shock (✖ )
17- When designing industrial equipment, the vibration problem is not taken
into consideration (✖ )
18- Making bases and spiral barriers that lead to a reduction in air pollution
(✔)
19- The use of packaging and insulation leads to an increase in the noise rate
at work (✖)
20- The use of radiation protection equipment leads to a decrease in
occupational diseases (✔)
