The Impact of ChatGPT on Student

Learning/performing
Shehab Eldeen Ayman Khaled Nagaty Omar H. Karam
Samir A. El-Seoud
Faculty of Informatics and Faculty of Informatics and Faculty of Informatics and Faculty of Informatics and
Computer Science Computer Science Computer Science Computer Science
The British University In Egypt The British University In Egypt The British University In Egypt The British University In Egypt
Cairo, Egypt Cairo, Egypt Cairo, Egypt Cairo, Egypt
[email protected] [email protected] khaled.nagaty @bue.edu.eg [email protected]

Abstract— This paper explores the integration of ChatGPT, The education community has had conflicting feelings
an AI-based language model, in undergraduate education. The about Chat GPT. As students utilize recent technology to
study examines the potential benefits, challenges, and ethical cheat on essays, exams, and assignments, some educators
considerations associated with incorporating ChatGPT into have become alarmed. others are approaching it more
teaching and learning practices. It investigates the impact of liberally and think it has the potential to revolutionize
ChatGPT on student engagement, critical thinking, and education by helping students become better writers,
problem-solving skills, as well as its potential to enhance thinkers, and learners.
writing skills and provide personalized learning experiences.
The survey conducted on faculty staff at a university reveals Before calculators, the answer was frequently all that
their perspectives on using ChatGPT, including its effects on mattered; however, once calculators were introduced, it
learning outcomes and performance. Additionally, the paper became crucial to demonstrate how you had solved the
addresses concerns related to biases in AI-generated content, problem. Some experts have proposed that a similar thing
privacy issues, copyright considerations, and the importance of could happen with academic essays, where they are now
balancing AI use with traditional teaching approaches. The evaluated not only on what they say but also on how students
findings emphasize the need for responsible implementation, edit and improve a text generated by an AI.
faculty training, and ongoing evaluation to maximize the
benefits of ChatGPT while upholding ethical practices in Similar circumstances emerged as internet search engines
education. Overall, this paper sheds light on the potential of gained popularity. Search engines were feared to have a
ChatGPT as a valuable tool in undergraduate education while long-term negative impact on pupils' reading and learning
highlighting the importance of maintaining critical thinking habits. Book sales fell, and several bookshops closed their
skills and human interaction in the learning process. doors globally. However, as civilization advanced, novel
reading devices like smartphones and e-readers became
Keywords—ChatGPT, AI, Education, Plagiarism, Assessment popular. Use Chat GPT to get the answers to challenging
questions. In summary, Chat GPT offers consumers well-
I. INTRODUCTION researched, well-expressed human-like solutions to their text-
We are living in a new global era led by artificial based questions, in contrast to Google Search, which focuses
intelligence (AI), whose manifestations are accelerating at a on assisting users in finding information on the web[4].
frightening, if not terrifying, pace. Even the poles of the The influence of ChatGPT on higher education depends
technology driving it, called for a truce to understand and on how and to what extent it’s employed. It may serve as a
catch a breath. Nowadays, so-called Chatbots are widely tool to enhance teaching and learning but could also hinder
used. They are computer programs that use AI and natural students’ motivation and focus. Furthermore, like other AI
language processing (NLP) to understand human requests systems, using ChatGPT for educational purposes raises
and automate responses to them and adapt to users through ethical considerations[5].
the data they have collected. The most notable of which is
ChatGPT.
II. WHAT IS CHATGPT
Chat GPT is an abbreviation for generative pre-trained Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) is a
transformer. It is a new artificial intelligence technology that 175-billion-parameter natural language processing model
was made available in November 2022[1]. This tool that can generate conversation-style responses to user input.
responds to inquiries in a conversational manner. Chat GPT ChatGPT is a natural language processing (NLP) model that
is one of several AI techniques that comprise the big generates human-like text responses using a variant of the
language model. Developed by Open AI, it can produce popular Transformer network. It’s trained on large amounts
outlines, poetry, letters, advice, cover letters, resumes, and of text data, allowing it to understand the patterns of human
even blog posts for this website. ChatGPT can provide language and produce convincing text.
logical and fluid replies to a variety of inquiries and prompts
since it has been trained on a vast quantity of text data[2]. It It’s worth mentioning that ChatGPT is not a search
can make research and learning more efficient. Through an engine like Google or Bing. Rather, it is a language
internet browser, anyone may communicate with ChatGPT. generation model that is mostly used to produce text, such as
ChatGPT reacts to a question or prompt that has been posted. conversation responses or descriptions of images in natural
language[6]. In contrast, search engines are tools that allow
ChatGPT is utilized for a variety of purposes, such as users to search the Internet by accessing and querying a
chatbots and virtual assistants, providing human-like database of websites.
conversation. Unlike search engines like Google, ChatGPT is
a language generation model mostly used to produce text, One significant difference between ChatGPT and other
e.g., conversation responses or descriptions in natural NLP models is training. ChatGPT is designed specifically to
language[3]. generate human-like text responses, while other NLP models
may be trained on diverse data or for varying objectives,
such as sentiment analysis or language translation.

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Furthermore, other NLP models could use different network • Enhanced writing skills: NLP models can help students
architectures, such as RNNs or CNNs, affecting how they improve their writing skills by providing suggestions
process and produce text. and feedback on the content, structure, and style of their
written work[10].
ChatGPT is highly customizable, providing users the
ability to fine-tune its responses and behavior, while other • Increased accessibility: NLP models can help make
NLP models may have limited customization or strict education more accessible to students with disabilities
behavior and output. It is a unique and robust NLP model by providing text-to-speech and speech-to-text
and is ideal for applications requiring conversational capabilities, allowing them to access and interact with
interactions and realistic-sounding text[7]. Its flexibility and educational materials in a format that suits their needs.
customization make it a valuable tool for a wide range of
applications. Overall, ChatGPT is a unique and powerful
IV. DISADVANTAGES OF CHATGPT
NLP model that is well-suited for applications that require
realistic-sounding text generation and conversational • Chatbots are not able to think and solve problems in the
interactions[8]. It offers a high degree of flexibility and same way that humans enjoy. They can only provide
customization, making it a valuable tool for a wide range of pre-programmed answers to common inquiries, and
applications. they cannot analyze complex situations and make
It is worth noting that Chat GPT is presently in beta. The decisions based on incomplete or ambiguous
argument is that ChatGPT can program, explain, and debate information. This limits its ability to deal with
effectively and like a person. The website clearly states that situations that occur outside the scope of its
it may provide misleading, obviously false information. programming.
When tested in precise ways, it has been shown to induce • Chatbots cannot understand human emotions and
prejudice material. There are instances of ChatGPT experiences. While it can mimic human language and
responses that read like they were authored by experts but provide adequate and useful answers, it is impossible to
are factually inaccurate[9]. empathize with users in the same way a human
would[11]. That's because chatbots run on algorithms
Students will eventually be able to employ AI
technologies to study new material. Teachers will require and data, while humans have subjective emotions and
tools and resources to support students in identifying and experiences that shape their thoughts and actions.
navigating possible incorrect responses, biased information, • Chatbots cannot have empathy on the part of the person
and false news if this is to take place. responding to the users.
• Chatbots deliver automatic responses without
Although chatbots have been around for the past 20 resolution.
years, they had certain limits when it came to their capacity
to teach complicated subjects like quantum physics or • Chatbots deliver non-customized solutions, without
produce original works like ballads. Unprecedented AI considering the needs of each user[10].
technological advancements have been made by Chat GPT. V. AI IN AIDING EDUCATORS AND STUDENTS Commented [S1]: Move to another section
ChatGPT may challenge Google's current dominance of If utilized properly, AI may be a useful tool for teachers
the internet search market, although the tech giant has been and students. Chat GPT can assist instructors in creating
developing a comparable technology for years. Microsoft individualized lesson plans based on each student's areas of
made a billion-dollar investment in Open AI in 2020, taking strength and weakness, enabling a more focused and
up the sole license for the GPT-3 model. Microsoft wants to successful educational experience[12]. Additionally, AI can
include the technology into popular productivity suites point out areas in which pupils may be having difficulty and
including Word, PowerPoint, and Excel. In November 2022, offer specialized resources to assist them to succeed. It can
GPT 3.5 had been upgraded through 2021 and had been complete all data analysis tasks that take people days to
made freely available to the public as a chatbot. Chat GPT complete in a matter of seconds. As a consequence, teachers
amassed 100 million members only two months after its have less work to do and more time to spend interacting with
introduction, dwarfing other social media sites like their pupils.
Instagram, which took two years to reach that number.
For students who might not have access to the same
It is worth noting that Chat GPT is presently in beta. The resources as their peers, AI can help level the playing field.
argument is that ChatGPT can program, explain, and debate The achievement gap may be closed by using Chat GPT,
effectively and like a human. The website clearly states that which enables students from underprivileged backgrounds to
it may provide misleading, obviously false information. receive the same amount of individualized attention and
When tested in precise ways, it has been shown to induce assistance as those from more fortunate situations[13].
prejudice material. There are instances of ChatGPT
responses that read like they were authored by experts but It's critical to remember that AI cannot solve every
are factually inaccurate. problem in education. It is still the responsibility of teachers
and administrators to guarantee that children receive a well-
rounded education[14] that emphasizes teamwork, problem-
III. ADVANTAGES OF CHATGPT solving, and critical thinking. While AI can help with some
• Improved language understanding: NLP models can help parts of education, it cannot take the place of human
students learn new languages or improve their interaction and engagement, which are essential for real
understanding of existing languages by providing learning to take place.
detailed analysis and feedback on grammar, syntax, and
vocabulary usage.

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 AI can’t replace human creativity, but it doesn’t mean it feedback from this technology in seconds rather than waiting
has no place in the classroom or education system. Rather for teacher comments[20]. Allowing students to utilize Chat
than being insecure about the use of ChatGPT by the GPT to seek comments on their writing has a lot of potential
students, teachers should focus on how this AI would help benefits. Students can ask the AI to perform certain activities
students to systematically arrange their unorganized thoughts such as reviewing and correcting their papers. Before
on paper. Teachers should use AI as another pedagogical tool beginning a writing unit, students should complete an on-
for students[15]. Just like teachers give a grounding in demand writing assignment and use Chat GPT to receive
students to send emails and how to do proper research on comments. On-demand writing requires students to go
Google search engine. Educators should compose clear through the whole writing process and complete a piece of
lessons around how the ChatGPT bot can assist with essay writing in one class hour without assistance from the teacher
writing. Acknowledging AI’s existence and helping students or AI technologies.
work with it could restructure the teaching and learning
process. Teachers should also teach students to give proper VII. WRITING ASSESSMENT
and ethically correct instructions to AI rather than Asking AI
for a fabricated essay without any idea or thought in mind Teachers and administrators should consider using this
about how students should focus on the construction of AI technology as a writing coach that offers pupils with rapid
outlines, templates, and instructions by using ChatGPT. feedback. It might lead to faster learning and better student
Experts say ChatGPT has the potential to offer students a writing. ChatGPT's ability to offer a concise overview of a
base and skeleton for any writing project. piece of writing and even grade it is a huge advantage.
ChatGPT can use data such as a student’s learning history
Instead of Considering ChatGPT as an apocalyptic shift and preferences to tailor its responses and
toward the future, we should focus on how we can make the recommendations[21].
best out of it. Nowadays technology is evolving fast and
we’re the people living in the future. Rather than blocking This tool may be extremely useful if a teacher was
and banning this new technology, we should work with its searching for a second opinion on a student's writing to
astonishing ability to improve writing and research. AI has calibrate their evaluation process. Instructors might also ask
the potential to greatly assist us in every walk of life. It’s students to first receive input from the AI and edit based on
important to note that AI is not a replacement for human that feedback before submitting the paper; this could be
creativity and critical thinking. AI can help with mechanics, highly beneficial to both students and teachers[22]. It can
but it cannot replace the unique perspective and insights that offer students immediate feedback. A student's replies may
a human can bring to their work. Artificial intelligence, be analyzed using ChatGPT, and real-time feedback can be
algorithms, and machine learning are here to stay, and it is given. Students' learning results can be enhanced by using
our responsibility to accommodate them with virtue[16]. this to assist them pinpoint their strengths and shortcomings.
Students may learn from their mistakes and improve their
writing abilities by using ChatGPT to offer comments on
VI. AI IN ACADEMIC WRITING their written assignments and make adjustments and
Chatbots have the potential to transform education by improvements[23].
providing instant assistance to students, answering their
questions, and improving their learning experience. If Chat GPT is used as a co-teaching tool rather than a
Numerous new technologies have rendered previous plagiarism tool, it can help students revise their work[24].
technologies obsolete, and Chat GPT can write almost Students may begin the revision process as they have a piece
anything that is required of it. Many argue that copying what of writing in front of them, modifying the work as they
an artificial intelligence creates into a cover letter, blog post, collaborate with Chat Talk. This would shift the focus from
or essay is unethical, dishonest, and AI plagiarism. Academic writing more towards revision and editing. Potentially, it can
institutions will have to evolve compatible methods to help accelerate student experience with revision and
evaluate students learning gaps and future potential[17]. We editing[25].
need to modify the way we educate writing, critical thinking, Some students have been candid about utilizing
and research skills. Artificial authoring tools like Chat GPT technology to assist them in producing flawless academic
will accelerate this shift. It is already capable of addressing language in their writing. It's like everyone gets free
genre writing (argumentative, narrative, and informational ghostwriting, yet there are instances where ChatGPT's
genres). It can do all of this swiftly, effortlessly, and comments are demonstrably false.
efficiently[18].
Chat GPT, for example, will move our attention in VIII. CRITICAL THINKING
academic writing away from acquiring techniques for Critical thinking is the capacity to distinguish between
teaching personal stories, and informational, and fact and opinion while remaining open to diverse points of
argumentative writing. Instead, we may use websites, view. It is also the ability to arrange all of the knowledge that
interactive presentations, videos, infographics, podcasts, blog has been learned into something cohesive and intelligible It’s
entries, digital art, and other new and evolving media formats not only for writing, anyway. It may involve reading, talking
to educate critical thinking, revision, research, discussion, about, and arguing. Writing is a crucial component of
and creatively organize ideas. But it is important to note that academic instruction because it aids certain students in
humans are still required to review and correct AI-generated organizing the knowledge they acquire. But in addition to
texts. That editing is often complicated and requires real writing, there are other ways to organize thoughts, such as
knowledge of a subject[19]. speaking, sketching, and making art.
Chat GPT, on the other hand, may become a writing
coach or personal tutor for students. Students might obtain

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 Reliance on such technologies does not foster the kind of Creative Commons or other licenses explicitly permitting its
critical thinking and problem-solving abilities necessary for utilization.
success in school and life. Students' capacity to think
creatively and independently may diminish over time. In the context of utilizing content within interactions with
Students that rely too much on Chat GPT may lose interest in ChatGPT, it is prudent to exercise caution when determining
learning independently, which may eventually lead to a whether a specific piece of content is safeguarded by
decline in the human intellect. Striking a balance between the copyright or if the right to employ it is granted. To maintain
use of technology and more conventional teaching compliance with copyright laws, it is advisable to err on the
approaches is crucial. Additionally, not all of the answers side of caution and obtain permission from the copyright
provided by Chat GPT would be reliable[26]. Students could holder. By doing so, one can ensure the avoidance of any
then use erroneous results as the foundation for judgments as potential legal ramifications associated with infringement
a result of this. Their schooling and future professions can and uphold the rights of all parties involved.[31].
suffer as a result of this. In a broader context, exercising caution when utilizing
the outcomes produced by ChatGPT or any comparable
IX. ENGAGEMENT language model is strongly advised. When uncertain about
the legitimacy of using ChatGPT's results, it is recommended
Chatbots, like ChatGPT, can raise student interest in to seek permission from the copyright holder, or
learning by delivering dynamic and interesting learning alternatively, employ content that falls within the public
opportunities. Multimedia tools like films and photos may be domain or is licensed under Creative Commons or other
used by chatbots to make learning more exciting and licenses that explicitly permit its usage. By adopting these
engaging. To make learning more entertaining, ChatGPT measures, one can ensure compliance with copyright
may also employ gamification tactics like tests and regulations and mitigate any potential legal complexities
challenges[27]. Additionally, ChatGPT may give students associated with unauthorized usage of content.
immediate feedback on their development and
accomplishments, inspiring them to keep learning and
growing. XI. BIAS IN AI

It is concerning because gullible educators can believe Ethics and biases should be of great concern not just to
that they have delivered an amazing lesson plan if all of their Chat GPT but also to any other chatbot. Biases in chatbots
students turn in flawless assignments. whereas ChatGPT or a may affect their suggestions and answers[32], [33]. Make
comparable technology is responsible for everything. If sure that chatbots are trained on objective facts and be open
pupils begin to rely too much on technology, academic and honest about how the chatbot functions. Complex issues
standards may deteriorate. If students quit teaching involving people may receive insensitive answers since
themselves how to write essays and switch to ChatGPT[30]. human emotions have little bearing on how Chat GPT
functions. This undermines empathy and ruins interpersonal
relationships[34].
X. COPYRIGHT ISSUES RELATED TO CHATGPT
Bias and prejudice are dangerous traits of AI. If not
When utilizing ChatGPT or any similar language model, trained on fair and balanced data, it can produce biased
it is crucial to remain cognizant of copyright concerns. results that are skewed towards particular opinions. With
Copyright law safeguards original works of authorship, lack of explainability, it is difficult to determine whether
encompassing literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic ChatGPT can produce unbiased opinions based on various
creations, against unauthorized usage without the copyright topics.
holder's consent. Consequently, incorporating any
copyrighted content into interactions with ChatGPT may To effectively integrate ChatGPT into teaching and
potentially result in infringement upon the rights held by the learning practices, universities should start with a small pilot
copyright holder. [28]. program to test the effectiveness of ChatGPT in their specific
context. And ensure that their chatbot is trained on unbiased
It is essential to recognize that the outcomes produced by data and that it is transparent about how it works.
ChatGPT do not automatically grant the freedom of use. Universities should provide training to faculty and students
Similar to other forms of content, these generated results on how to use the chatbot effectively and monitor and
might be subject to copyright protection. As a result, prior evaluate its effectiveness regularly.
permission from the copyright holder may be necessary
before utilizing the results in any manner.[23].
XII. PRIVACY CONCERNS AND DATA LEAKS
It is also worth noting that ChatGPT is a large language
model trained by OpenAI, and as such, it is not intended to One of the main concerns associated with using chatbots
be used for any commercial purposes. Using the results in education is privacy. Chatbots collect a large amount of
generated by ChatGPT for commercial purposes is a data about users, including their personal information and
violation of OpenAI’s terms of service[29]. learning history.

To ensure compliance with copyright regulations and Certain users were able to read the titles of other users'
prevent any infringement upon the rights of copyright talks due to a ChatGPT bug. Nonetheless, many people are
holders, it is crucial to restrict the usage of content in still concerned about their privacy on the network. Since its
interactions with ChatGPT to those for which the necessary inception in November of last year, millions of individuals
usage rights have been obtained. Such content may include have used ChatGPT to compose messages, make music, and
even code. Each interaction with the chatbot is saved in the
self-created materials, works within the public domain, or
content that is licensed for use under licenses such as user's chat history bar and may be accessed at any time.

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 The bug appeared to imply that Open AI has access to the integration of AI-based language models, specifically
user communications. According to the company's privacy ChatGPT, into undergraduate education. The survey covers a
policies, user data such as prompts and replies may be wide range of aspects, including potential benefits,
utilized to continue training the model. Nevertheless, that challenges, and ethical considerations associated with using
information is only utilized once any personally identifying ChatGPT in educational settings.
information has been deleted. It is important to ensure that
this data is protected and used ethically[35]. One of the key areas explored in the survey is the
potential benefits of using ChatGPT in undergraduate
Google and Microsoft, which have invested heavily in education. The options provided encompass various positive
Open AI, have been vying for dominance in the emerging impacts, such as increased access to information and
market for artificial intelligence technologies. Yet, given the resources, enhanced student engagement and participation,
rapid speed of new product upgrades and releases, many improved understanding of complex topics, and personalized
people are concerned that mistakes like this might be learning experiences. These potential benefits reflect the
damaging or have unforeseen repercussions. versatility of ChatGPT as a tool that can supplement
traditional teaching methods, provide tailored support to
XIII. STATISCS ON PLAIGARISM students, and foster interactive learning environments.
The British University in Egypt has conducted an internal Another crucial aspect addressed by the survey is the
investigation into its’ undergrad students’ submissions. anticipated challenges or limitations of using ChatGPT in
Using the tool “Turnitin”, it was found that there is a undergraduate education. The options provided cover
staggering content of AI generated work in submissions. The important concerns, including the reliability and accuracy of
investigation was done across 9 faculties. Each of which had responses generated by ChatGPT, assessing students' original
at least one module that was examined using this plagiarism thinking in the context of AI-generated content, potential
and AI checking tool. biases in the model's outputs, and ethical considerations
related to AI use. These anticipated challenges highlight the
Examining figure 1, the faculty of mass media has scored need for careful implementation and monitoring of ChatGPT
the highest average of plagiarism across all faculties with 66 to mitigate potential drawbacks and ensure its responsible
percent. The faculty of environmental engineering, nursing integration in education.
and informatics and computer science have scored similarly
with an average score of 64, 61 and 60 percent respectively. The survey also explores how ChatGPT can enhance
The faculty of political science has scored the lowest student engagement, participation, critical thinking, and
plagiarism percentage at 28 percent. The second lowest problem-solving skills. The options provided include
percentage was achieved by the faculty of engineering and encouraging shy or introverted students to participate,
law. Both scored an average of 42 percent. facilitating interactive discussions and debates, providing
immediate feedback and support, and promoting diverse
FEEE perspectives and insights. These potential benefits align with
70 the interactive and adaptive nature of ChatGPT, suggesting
Engineering that it can contribute to creating more inclusive and dynamic
60 learning environments while fostering critical thinking and
problem-solving abilities.
ICS
50 Moreover, the survey delves into potential concerns and
Business ethical considerations regarding the use of ChatGPT in
40 Administration undergraduate education. The options provided include
Political Science concerns such as dependence on AI and reduced human
30 interaction, authenticity and originality of students' work,
Law
data privacy and security, and the presence of unconscious
bias in AI-generated content. These concerns highlight the
20
importance of responsible AI use, transparency, and ongoing
Arts &
evaluation to ensure ethical practices in the integration of
Humanities
10 ChatGPT in education.
Massmedia
The survey also enquires about the integration of
0
plaigarism percentage Nursing ChatGPT into undergraduate courses, specific use cases,
impacts on teaching approaches and classroom dynamics,
and observed changes in students' learning outcomes or
Figure 1 performance. These questions provide valuable insights into
The university has taken drastic measures towards the the practical implementation of ChatGPT and its effects on
plagiarizing students. Also, the university ensures that such a teaching practices and student outcomes, enabling a
major incident does not get repeated. AI tools are becoming comprehensive understanding of its efficacy in different
more accessible and without aid from plagiarism checking educational contexts.
tools, these submissions would go undetected.
Lastly, the survey addresses the availability of training or
professional development opportunities for faculty to
XIV. DISCUSSION effectively use ChatGPT in teaching. It also solicits
The faculty of informatics and computer science at the suggestions for additional support or resources that would
British University in Egypt surveyed ChatGPT in education. help utilize ChatGPT more effectively in undergraduate
The survey aims to gather feedback from faculty regarding courses. These questions highlight the importance of

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providing faculty with appropriate training and resources to XV. CONCLUSION
maximize the benefits of ChatGPT and address any potential While AI technologies are becoming inevitable, they are
challenges they may encounter. still being developed to help humans. Therefore, to face the
fear of its transformation into a substitute for humans, it is
better to take advantage of artificial intelligence, rather than
allow it to rule over. Concern over artificial intelligence's
potential effects on education and the future of academics
has grown as technology continues to advance quickly. Some
worry that depending too much on AI, such as Chat GPT,
may produce a generation of kids who are incapable of
critical thought and cannot think for themselves.
The research demonstrates that AI may be a useful tool in
the classroom, despite some people's concerns that
technology-dependent pupils would be produced by AI like
Chat GPT. as long as teachers keep making critical thinking
and interpersonal connection a priority. All students'
educational experiences may be improved and enhanced with
Figure 2 the aid of AI.
While AI can help with activities like essay writing and
simple question answering, it cannot take the place of the
nuanced thinking and analysis needed for higher-level
learning. Students still need to come up with their ideas,
participate in conversations and disagreements, and push
themselves to think critically about the world. The effect of
Chat GPT on the direction of education is still a cause for
alarm. The early casualty would be particularly the capacity
for thought. Future difficulties may not be able to be
precisely predicted at this time.

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Figure 3
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Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4532913

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