DATA ANALYSIS USING SPSS

MBA 112 – Business Research Methods

Lab Report submitted to

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT
CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF TAMILNADU
THIRUVARUR
In the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of the Degree of
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
(Batch: 2022- 2024)

By

SHAIK SIRAZ, P221841

SHASHI BHUSHAN JHA, P221842
SHREE ROJA T, P221843
SNEHA CR, P221844
SREEKANTH T, P221845
August 2023

Submitted to
Dr.S.VISALAKSHMI
Assistant Professor
Department of Management
CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF TAMIL NADU
Thiruvarur – 610 005
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.no NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT Page no

1 FREQUENCIES

2. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS 1

3. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS 2

4. SIMPLE CORRELATION

5. MULTIPLE CORRELATION

6. SIMPLE REGRESSION

7. MULTIPLE REGRESSION

8. CHI SQUARE TEST

9. ONE SAMPLE T TEST

10. PAIRED SAMPLE T TEST

 1.FREQUENCIES

STEP 1: Import data from excel

STEP 2 : ANALYSE FREQUENCY DATA

STEP 3 : OUTPUT OF FREQUENCY DATA

Statistics

Height Weight

N Valid 10 10

Missing 0 0

Mean 65.80 133.00

Std. Error of Mean .757 4.243

Median 66.00 132.00

Mode 64a 116a

Std. Deviation 2.394 13.416

Variance 5.733 180.000

Skewness .233 .278

Std. Error of Skewness .687 .687

Kurtosis -.369 -1.400

Std. Error of Kurtosis 1.334 1.334

Range 8 37

Minimum 62 116

Maximum 70 153

Sum 658 1330

Percentiles 25 64.00 121.00

50 66.00 132.00

75 68.00 145.75

a. Multiple modes exist. The smallest value is shown

Frequency Table
 Height

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid 62 1 10.0 10.0 10.0

64 3 30.0 30.0 40.0

66 3 30.0 30.0 70.0

68 2 20.0 20.0 90.0

70 1 10.0 10.0 100.0

Total 10 100.0 100.0

Weight

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid 116 1 10.0 10.0 10.0

118 1 10.0 10.0 20.0

122 1 10.0 10.0 30.0

124 1 10.0 10.0 40.0

128 1 10.0 10.0 50.0

136 1 10.0 10.0 60.0

138 1 10.0 10.0 70.0

144 1 10.0 10.0 80.0

151 1 10.0 10.0 90.0

153 1 10.0 10.0 100.0

Total 10 100.0 100.0

INTERPRETATION: This data represents a group of individuals

with varying heights and weights. . The range of values,
percentiles, and other measures provide a comprehensive view
of the dataset's characteristics.

2. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS 1
STEP 1: Import data from excel

STEP 2 : ANALYSE DESCRIPTIVE DATA

 STEP 3 : OUTPUT OF DESCRIPTIVE DATA

Descriptive Statistics

Maximu Std.
N Range Minimum m Mean Deviation Variance Skewness Kurtosis

Std. Std. Std.

Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Error Statistic Statistic Statistic Error Statistic Error

GDP 169 9747.5 496.1 10243.6 3.573E3 221.0122 2873.1581 8.255E6 .701 .187 -.751 .371

Valid N
169
(listwise)

INTERPRETATION: Descriptive statistics are brief informational

coefficients that summarize a given data set, which can be either a
representation of the entire population or a sample of a population.
 3 . DESCRIPTIVE 2
STEP1: Import data from excel

Step 2 : ANALYSE DESCRIPTIVE DATA

 Step 3: OUTPUT OF DESCRIPTIVE DATA

Descriptive Statistics

Std.
N Range Minimum Maximum Sum Mean Deviation Variance Skewness Kurtosis

Std. Std. Std.

Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Error Statistic Statistic Statistic Error Statistic Error

Age
60 47 17 64 2261 37.68 1.423 11.026 121.576 .087 .309 -.441 .608

Valid N
(listwise) 60
 SIMPLE CORRELATION

Click Analyze > Crrelate > Bivariate... on the main menu, Click Analyze
> Correlate > Bivariate... on the main menu,

1. Click Analyze > Correlate > Bivariate... on the main menu,

You will be presented with the Bivariate Correlations dialogue box
2. Transfer the variables Height and Jump_Dist into the Variables: box by
dragging-and-dropping them or by clicking on them and then clicking on
the button. You will end up with a screen similar

3. Make sure that the Pearson checkbox is selected under the –Correlation
Coefficients– area (although it is selected by default in SPSS Statistics).
4. Click on the button and you will be presented with the Bivariate
Correlations: Options dialogue box. If you wish to generate some
descriptives, you can do it here by clicking on the relevant checkbox in the –
Statistics– area.

5. Click on the button. You will be returned to the Bivariate

Correlations dialogue box

6. Click on the button. This will generate the results of Pearson's

correlation.
INTERPRETATION: Higher values indicate higher predictability of the
dependent variable from the independent variables.

Multiple correlation
Step 1: Select bivariate correlation.

• Click the Analyze tab.

• Click Correlate.
• Click Bivariate.

Step 2: Create the correlation matrix.

• Each variable in the dataset will initially be shown in the

box on the left:
• Select each variable you’d like to include in the correlation
matrix and click the arrow to transfer them into
the Variables box. We’ll use all three variables in this
example.
 • Under Correlation Coefficients, choose whether you’d like
to use Pearson, Kendall’s tau, or Spearman correlation.
We’ll leave it as Pearson for this example.
• Under Test of Significance, choose whether to use a two-
tailed test or one-tailed test to determine if two variables
have a statistically significant association. We’ll leave it as
Two-tailed.
• Check the box next to Flag significant correlations if you’d
like SPSS to flag variables that are significantly correlated.
• Lastly, click OK.

Step 3: Interpret the correlation matrix.

The correlation matrix displays the following three metrics for

each variable:

• Pearson Correlation: A measure of the linear association

between two variables, ranging from -1 to 1.
• Sig. (2-tailed): The two-tailed p-value associated with the
correlation coefficient. This tells you if two variables have a
statistically significant association (e.g. if p < 0.05)
• N: The number of pairs used to calculate the Pearson
Correlation coefficient.

Step 4: Visualize the correlation matrix.

You can also create a scatterplot matrix to visualize the linear
relationship between each of the variables.

• Click the Graphs tab.

• Click Chart Builder.
• For chart type, click Scatter/Dot.
• Click the image that says Scatterplot matrix.
• In the Variables box in the top left, hold Ctrl and click on all
three variable names. Drag them to the box along the
bottom of the chart that says Scattermatrix.
• Lastly, click OK.
• INTERPRETATION: The data suggests that GDP,
Government Expenditure, Consumption, and Investment
are closely interrelated, with each other.

SIMPLE REGRESSION
(1) analyzing the correlation and directionality of the data,
(2) estimating the model, i.e., fitting the line, and
(3) evaluating the validity and usefulness of the model.

INTERPRETATION : A positive coefficient indicates that

as the value of the independent variable increases, the
mean of the dependent variable also tends to increase.
 7. MULTIPLE REGRESSION
STEP 1: Import data from excel

Step 2 : ANALYSE MULTIPLE REGRESSION DATA

STEP 3 : OUTPUT OF MULTIPLE REGRESSION DATA
Variables Entered/Removeda

Variables
Model Variables Entered Removed Method

1 INV, GOVTEXP,
. Enter
CONSb

a. Dependent Variable: GDP

b. All requested variables entered.

Model Summaryb

Std. Error Change Statistics

R Adjusted of the R Square F Sig. F Durbin-

Model R Square R Square Estimate Change Change df1 df2 Change Watson

1 .991a .982 .980 32780.380 .982 599.683 3 33 .000 2.176

a. Predictors: (Constant), INV, GOVTEXP, CONS

b. Dependent Variable: GDP

ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

1 Regression 1933172685387.2 644390895129.10

3 599.683 .000b
99 0

Residual 35460258510.971 33 1074553288.211

Total 1968632943898.2
36
71

a. Dependent Variable: GDP

b. Predictors: (Constant), INV, GOVTEXP, CONS

Coefficientsa

Unstandardized Standardized 95.0% Confidence Interval

Coefficients Coefficients for B

Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound

1 (Constant) 123496.030 29386.413 4.202 .000 63708.923 183283.136

GOVTEXP 1.918 .365 .270 5.260 .000 1.176 2.660

CONS .360 .141 .210 2.561 .015 .074 .646

INV 1.427 .205 .542 6.963 .000 1.010 1.843

a. Dependent Variable: GDP

Residuals Statisticsa

Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation N

Predicted Value 727688.50 1513379.63 1142153.22 231730.967 37

Residual -58090.277 70231.336 .000 31384.824 37
Std. Predicted Value -1.789 1.602 .000 1.000 37
Std. Residual -1.772 2.142 .000 .957 37

a. Dependent Variable: GDP

 9. ONE SAMPLE T TEST

STEP 1: Import data from excel

step 2 : Analyse one sample T test data

step 3 : Output of sample T test
One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

ID 10 5.50 3.028 .957

Scores 10 31.30 1.767 .559

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 8

95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper

ID -2.611 9 .028 -2.500 -4.67 -.33

Scores 41.699 9 .000 23.300 22.04 24.56

 10. PAIRED SAMPLE T TEST
STEP 1: Import data from excel

step 2 : Analyse paired sample T test data

step 3 : Output of paired sample T test
Paired Samples Statistics

Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Pair 1 Before Sales 14.50 10 5.836 1.845

After Sales 17.50 10 3.567 1.128

Paired Samples Correlations

N Correlation Sig.

Pair 1 Before Sales & After Sales 10 .841 .002

Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences

95% Confidence
Interval of the

Std. Std. Error Difference Sig. (2-

Mean Deviation Mean Lower Upper t df tailed)

Pair Before Sales -

-3.000 3.432 1.085 -5.455 -.545 -2.764 9 .022
1 After Sales