CNC PART PROGRAMMING

R20 LAB MANUAL

Subject code : SAC3201

Regulation : R20
Class : III-II Semester

Prepared by
Mr. M Rajesh
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

VASIREDDY VENKATADRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Nambur (V) Peda Kakani (Md) Guntur (DT) Andhra Pradesh 522508
 Program Outcomes
Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals,
PO1 and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.

Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyse complex engineering
problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and
PO2
engineering sciences

Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research methods
including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to
PO4
provide valid conclusions.

Program Specific Outcomes

Professional Skills: To produce engineering professional capable of synthesizing and analysing
PSO1 mechanical systems including allied engineering streams.

Software Engineering Practices: An ability to adopt and integrate current technologies in the design
PSO2 and manufacturing domain to enhance the employability.

Successful Career and Entrepreneurship: To build the nation, by imparting technological inputs and
PSO3 managerial skills to become technocrats.

COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL LABORATORY

Course Overview:
In this laboratory the students learn the fundamentals of numerical control (NC) technology, programming of
computer numerical control (CNC) machines in NC codes and APT language and with CAM systems. Students also
gain experience in NC postprocessors and distributed numerical control, operation of CNC lathe and milling
machines, and programming and machining complex engineering parts.

Course Out Comes:

CO 1 Understand the features and specifications of CNC machines.
CO 2 Develop the process planning sheets and tool layouts
CO 3 Use the CAM software and prepare CNC part programs.
 INDEX

S. Page
List of Experiments Remarks/Grade
No No.

Introduction To Computer Numerical Control

1 CNC Turning I - Creating chamfer

2 CNC Turning II - Creating chamfer & Radius

3 CNC Turning III - Stock Removal & Grooving

4 CNC Turning IV - Stock Removal, Threading, Under Cut &

Grooving

5 CNC Turning V - Stock Removal, Drilling, Parting off

6 CNC Milling I - Profile milling

7 CNC Milling II - Pocket milling

8 CNC Milling III - Circumferential slot milling

9 CNC Milling IV - Circular slot milling

10 CNC Milling V - CAM Programming for milling

 ATTAINMENT OF PROGRAM OUTCOMES & PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES

Program
Exp. Outcomes Program Specific Outcomes
No. Experiment Attained Attained

Introduction PO1, PO2 PSO1, PSO3

1 CNC Turning I PO1, PO2, PO4 PSO1, PSO3

2 CNC Turning II PO1, PO2, PO5 PSO1, PSO4

3 CNC Turning III PO1, PO2, PO4 PSO1, PSO3

4 CNC Turning IV PO1, PO2, PO4 PSO1, PSO3

5 CNC Milling I PO1, PO2, PO4 PSO1, PSO3

6 CNC Milling II PO1, PO2, PO5 PSO1, PSO4

7 CNC Milling III PO1, PO2, PO6 PSO1, PSO5

 Introduction
Aim: Know the basic functions of a machine tool, concept of numerical control, historical
development, definition, advantages of CNC machine tools
Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM) is the term used to describe the use of computerized
systems to control the operations at a manufacturing plant. These computerized systems
assist manufacturers in various operations such as planning, transportation, management,
and storage. CAM helps manufacturers improve their time to market capabilities, and create
precise dimensions.
The History of Computer Numerical Control (CNC)
Computer numerical control is a modern concept in the manufacturing and production
industries. However, the concept of CNC harkens back to the basic idea of NC, or numerical
control. The idea of numerical control started when the automation of machine tools
originally incorporated specific concepts of programmable logic. In the beginning, the first
NC machines were built back in the 1940s. Slightly more advanced machines came along
in the 1950s. These manufacturing machines were constructed based on existing tools that
were modified with motors designed to move the controls of the machine. These controls
followed specific points that were fed into the machine on punched tape. These early
mechanisms were soon improved with both analog and digital computers. The introduction
of computer technology into the concept of numerical control led to what we now know as
computer numerical control.
Brief Introduction to Computer-aided Manufacturing
As a process, CAM is used after Computer-aided Design (CAD) or Computer-aided
Engineering (CAE). The model designed using CAD is sometimes used as the CAM input.
This is why it is referred as CAD-CAM. The functions of this combination are divided into
two main categories:
Manufacturing Planning: In this process, the computer delivers information for
production planning as well as management. This may include:
 Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP)
 Computer Assisted NC Part Programming
 Computerized Machinability Data System
 Work Standards Development
 Inventory and Production Planning
Manufacturing Control: In the process, the computer is used to manage and control the
physical operations of the manufacturing plant. These may include:
 Shop Floor Controlling
 Process Monitoring and Controlling
 Inventory Controlling
 Production Delivery Controlling
Benefits of CAD-CAM in Manufacturing
Today, every manufacturing plant uses at least a type of CAD-CAM system to control their
operations. Here are the various advantages they can avail by using these software
applications.
Improves Machining Capabilities: By using a CAD-CAM system, manufacturers can
improve their machining capabilities. For example, when a manufacturer takes up a complex
3-axis machining task, they rely on the combination software to create a tool path for
machining projects such as moulding. The CAM system automates the process, and makes
it easier for manufacturers to complete the project in time.
Improves Client Accessibility: The CAD-CAM software allows manufacturers to receive
CAD files from their customers. After receiving these files, they can set up the machining
tool path, and perform simulations, which help them calculate the machining cycle times.
The software allows manufacturers to minimize errors, execute projects easily, and deliver
products to the market within a shorter turnaround time.
Improve Productivity of CNC Machines: Most CAM-CAD systems provide high–speed
machine tool paths, which help manufacturers minimize their cycle times, reduce tool and
machine wear. High-speed tool paths enable manufacturers to improve their cutting quality
and accuracy. This type of high- speed machining helps improve the productivity of the
CNC machine by more than 50%.
Reduce Material Wastage: As CAM–CAD software feature simulation features, it helps a
manufacturer to visually inspect the process of machining. This allows him to capture tool
gouges, and collisions at an early phase. This feature contributes to the overall productivity
of a manufacturing set up. This also helps them eliminate mistakes, as well as reduce
material wastage.

NC: Numerical Control is a technology where machine tool is controlled by a coded

program to machine a part.
CNC: It is the NC technology where a dedicated PC is there to interface with Machine
Control Unit for writing CNC program and Run it to machine the desired part in the
machine of the CNC system.
Part Program: It is a program written block by block with alpha-numeric codes. Codes or
words are written in a format of sequence.
Sequence of Codes or Words in a single line/block of Part programming:
N, G, X, Y, Z, A, B, C, I, J, K, F, S, T, R, M

N: Sequence number (N10 G00 X00 Y00 Z00)

G-Codes: Preparatory Codes.

Preparatory (G) Codes

G00 Linear Interpolation at rapid traverse
G01 Linear Interpolation in slow feed motion
G02 Circular Interpolation in Clock-wise direction
G03 Circular Interpolation in Counter Clock-wise
G04 Dwell time
G17 X/Y Plane Selection
G18 Z/X Plane Selection
G19 Y/Z Plane Selection
G40 Tool Radius Compensation Cancel
G41 Tool Radius Compensation Left Side
G42 Tool Radius Compensation Right Side
G54 to G59 Settable Work Part Zero
G500 Settable Zero Offset
G75 Return To Reference Point (Homing)
G64 Continuous Path
G70 Program in Inch data Input
G71 Program in MM data Input
G90 Absolute Dimensioning
G91 Incremental Dimensioning
 G94 Feed in mm/min
G95 Feed in mm/Spindle revolution
G96 Constant Cutting Speed ON G96….S….LIMS=…..
G97 Constant Cutting speed off

Machine (M) Codes

Miscellaneous function
M00 Program Stop
M01 Program Optional Stop
M03 Spindle in Clock-wise direction
M04 Spindle in Counter Clock-wise
M05 Spindle Stop
M06 Tool Change at Home Position
M08 Coolant On
M09 Coolant Off
M16 Tool Change at any position
M17 Subprogram end
M30 Program End & Reset

Explanation of Letters in CNC Programming

D Tool Offset Number D….
F Feed as per G94 or G95 F….
G Preparatory Function G….
DIAMON Diameter Input
DIAMOF Radius Input
I Interpolation Parameter related to X axis
J Interpolation Parameter related to Y Axis
K Interpolation Parameter related to Z axis
L Subroutine name and Call
N Block Number of auxiliary Block
CR Radius for Circular Interpolation
G02/G03 X…Z…CR…
AR Aperture angle for Circular Interpolation
P Number of sub Routine Cycle repeats
S Spindle Speed S….
T Tool Number T….
X Axis X….
Y Axis Y….
Z Axis Z….
AC Absolute Co-ordinate
IC Incremental Co-ordinate
ANG Angle for Specification of a straight line in contour definition
N10 G01 X…Z…ANG…
CHR Chamfer at corner side N10 X…Z…CHR…
CHF Chamfer insert Chamfer Length
N10 X…Z…CHF…
RND Ram Dings N10X…Z….RND…
Experiment No. 1

Step turning
Title: CNC Programming and Simulation.
Objective: To write and simulate CNC Part program for two axes turning machine with work offset zero
position. (Sinumeric controller)
CNC Part programme Turning operation examples:
Example 1: Write a CNC part programme to cut the part as shown in Fig. from an aluminium cylindrical
block with size 100 mm x 100 mm.

Program code comments

N01 G18 G71 G90
HEADER/INITIAL PREPARATION CODES
G54
N02 T00 D01 M06 TOOL CHANGE COMMAND
N03 S1200 M03/M04 SPINDLE ROTATION
N04 M08 COOLANT ON
N05 G00 X0 Z10 RAPID MOVEMENT AT FIRST SAFETY POSITION
N06 G01 X0 Z0 F0.2 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates WITH FEED 0.2 MM/REV.
N07 G01 X24 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N08 G01 Z-15 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N09 G01 X48 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N10 G01 X-35 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N11 G01 X72 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N12 G01 Z-69 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N13 G01 X100 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N14 G01 Z-92 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N15 G00 X105 RAPID MOVEMENT AT SECOND SAFETY POSITION
N16 M09 COOLANT OFF
N17 M05 SPINDLE STOP
N18 G75 X0 Z0 CALLING HOME POSITION
N19 M30 PROGRAMM DATE END AND RESET
Example 2: Write a CNC part programme to cut the part as shown in Fig. from an aluminium cylindrical
block with size 145 mm x 150 mm with work offset (100,100) position.

Chamfer
Program code comments
N01 G18 G71 G90
HEADER/INITIAL PREPARATION CODES
G54
N02 T00 D01 M06 TOOL CHANGE COMMAND
N03 S1200 M03/M04 SPINDLE ROTATION
N04 M08 COOLANT ON
N05 G00 X0 Z10 RAPID MOVEMENT AT FIRST SAFETY POSITION
N06 G01 Z0 X0 F0.2 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates WITH FEED 0.2 MM/REV.
N07 X70 CHR=5 Linear interpolation, creating chamfer radius of 5mm
N08 Z-35 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N09 X120 CHF=15 Linear interpolation, creating chamfer full length of 15mm
N10 Z-80 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N11 X150 CHF=5 Linear interpolation, creating chamfer radius of 5mm
N12 Z-145 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N15 G00 X155 RAPID MOVEMENT AT SECOND SAFETY POSITION
N16 M09 COOLANT OFF
N17 M05 SPINDLE STOP
N18 G75 X0 Z0 CALLING HOME POSITION
N19 M30 PROGRAMM DATE END AND RESET
Example 3: Write a CNC part programme to cut the part as shown in Fig. from an aluminium cylindrical
block with size 145 mm x 150 mm.

RADIUS
Program code comments
N01 G18 G71 G90 G54 Header/initial preparation codes
N02 T00 D01 M06 Tool change command
N03 S1200 M03/M04 Spindle rotation
N04 M08 Coolant on
N05 G00 X0 Z10 Rapid movement at first safety position
N06 G01 Z0 X0 F0.2 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates WITH FEED 0.2 MM/REV.
N07 X46 Linear interpolation, RECHES STARTING POINT OF ARC
ANTI CLOCKWISE CIRCULAR interpolation, CREATING ARC AT THE
N08 G03 X70 Z-12 CR=12
CORNOR OF 70MM WITH 12MM RADIUS
N09 G01 Z-35 F0.2 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N10 X100 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
ANTI CLOCKWISE CIRCULAR interpolation, CREATING ARC AT THE
N11 G03 X120 Z-45 CR=10
CORNOR OF 120MM WITH 10MM RADIUS
N12 G01 Z-80 F0.2 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N13 X140 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
ANTI CLOCKWISE CIRCULAR interpolation, CREATING ARC AT THE
N14 G03 X150 Z-85 CR=5
CORNOR OF 150MM WITH 5MM RADIUS
N15 G01 Z-145 F0.2 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N16 G00 X155 Rapid movement at second safety position
N17 M09 Coolant off
N18 M05 Spindle stop
N19 G75 X0 Z0 Calling home position
N20 M30 Programm date end and reset
Experiment No. 2

Radius & Chamfering

Title: CNC Programming and Simulation.
Objective: To write and simulate CNC Part program for two axes turning machine on Sinumeric
controller with work offset (100,100).

Program code:
Experiment No. 3

Stock Removal & Grooving

Title: CNC Programming and Simulation.

Aim: To write and simulate CNC contour programming by using stock removal cycles for two axes
turning machine on Sinumeric controller

Program code:
Experiment No. 4

Stock Removal, Threading, Under Cut & Grooving Cut-off

Title: CNC Programming and Simulation.
Aim: To write and simulate CNC Part program for two axes turning machine on Sinumeric controller by
using Stock Removal, Threading, and Under Cut & Grooving Cut-off cycles.

Program code:
Experiment No. 5

Stock Removal, Drilling, Parting off

Title: CNC Programming and Simulation.
Aim: To write and contour programming for two axes turning machine on Sinumeric controller

Program code:
Experiment No. 6

CNC Profile milling

Title: CNC Programming and Simulation.
Aim: To write and contour profile programming for three axes Milling machine on Sinumeric controller
with work offset 0,0 position.

CNC Manual Coding:

Program code comments

N01 G17 G71 G90 G54 Header/initial preparation codes
N02 T00 D01 M06 Tool change command
N03 S1200 M03/M04 Spindle rotation
N04 M08 Coolant on
N05 G00 X0 Y0 Z10 Rapid movement at first safety position
N06 G01 X0 Y0 Z0 F250 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates with feed 250 mm/min.
N07 G01 X-10 Y-20 R8 P1-tool reaches the point p1
N08 G01 X-50 R10 P2- Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N09 Y10 P3-Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N10 X-19.97 Y25.01 P4-Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
P5-anti clockwise circular interpolation, creating arc at the corner of 18mm
N11 G03 X7.97 Y38.99 R18
radius
N12 G01 X30 Y50 P6-Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N13 G91 X10.1 Y-10.1 P7- incremental dimensioning with given coordinates
N14 G90 G02 X59.9 Y20.1 R14 P8- absolute dimensioning with clockwise circular interpolation
N15 G01 X70 Y10 P9- Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N16 G02 Y-20 R10 P10-clockwise movement at p10
N17 G01 X50 P11- Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N18 G03 X30 R10 P12- COUNTER CLOCKWISE MOVEMENT WITH R10 MM
 N19 G01 X10 R8 P13 - Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N20 G03 X10 Y-8 R8 P13-anti clockwise movement at R=8MM
N21 G01 X0 Y0 Initial position
N22 M09 Coolant off
N23 M05 Spindle stop
N24 G75 X0 Y0 Calling home position
N25 G75 Z0 Calling home position
N26 M30 Program date end and reset

CNC Part programme Milling operation examples:

Example 1: Write a CNC part programme to cut the part as shown in Fig. from a rectangular block with
size 100 mm x 100 mm.

Program code comments

N01 G17 G71 G90 G54 HEADER/INITIAL PREPARATION CODES
N02 T00 D01 M06 TOOL CHANGE COMMAND
N03 S1200 M03/M04 SPINDLE ROTATION
N04 M08 COOLANT ON
N05 G00 X0 Y 0 RAPID MOVEMENT AT FIRST SAFETY POSITION
N06 G01 Z0 F250 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates WITH FEED 250 MM/MIN
N07 G01 X35 Linear interpolation, RECHES STARTING POINT OF ARC
N08 G03 X40 Y5 CR=5 ANTI CLOCKWISE CIRCULAR interpolation
N09 G01 Y22 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N10 G02 X48 Y30 CR=8 CLOCKWISE CIRULAR INTERPOLATION
N11 G01 X68 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N12 G01 X70 Y32 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N13 G01 Y50 CHF=2 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates WITH CHAMFER LENGTH
N14 G01 X68 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N15 G03 X0 Y44 CR=6 ANTI CLOCKWISE CIRCULAR interpolation
 N16 G01 Y0 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N17 G01 Z50 LINEAR MOVEMENT AT SECOND SAFETY POSITION
N18 M09 COOLANT OFF
N19 M05 SPINDLE STOP
N20 G75 Z0 CALLING Z AXIS TO HOME POSITION
N21 G75 X0 Y0 CALLING X & Y AXIS TO HOME POSITION
N22 M30 PROGRAMM DATE END AND RESET

Example 2: Write a CNC part programme to cut the part as shown in Fig. from a rectangular block with
size 100 mm x 100 mm with (150,100) work offset.

Program code comments

N01 G17 G71 G90 G54 HEADER/INITIAL PREPARATION CODES
N02 T00 D01 M06 TOOL CHANGE COMMAND
N03 S1200 M03/M04 SPINDLE ROTATION
N04 M08 COOLANT ON
N05 G00 X0 Y0 Z50 RAPID MOVEMENT AT FIRST SAFETY POSITION
N06 G01 Z0 F250 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates WITH FEED 250 MM/MIN
N07 G01 Y80 Linear interpolation, RECHES STARTING POINT OF ARC
N08 G02 X20 Y80 CR=10 CLOCKWISE CIRCULAR interpolation
N09 G01 X35 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N10 G02 X40 Y75 CR=5 CLOCKWISE CIRULAR INTERPOLATION
N11 G01 Y45 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N12 G01 X80 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N13 G01 X121 Y0 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N14 G01 X106 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N15 G03 X80 Y0 CR=13 ANTI CLOCKWISE CIRCULAR interpolation
N16 G01 X52 Linear interpolation, go to given coordinates
N17 G02 X30 Y0 CR=12 CLOCKWISE CIRULAR INTERPOLATION
 N18 G01 X0 RETURN TO INITIAL POSITION
N19 G01 Z50 SAFETY POSITION OF CUTTING TO GET BACK TO HOME POSITION
N18 M09 COOLANT OFF
N19 M05 SPINDLE STOP
N20 G75 Z0 CALLING Z AXIS TO HOME POSITION
N21 G75 X0 Y0 CALLING X & Y AXIS TO HOME POSITION
N22 M30 PROGRAMM DATE END AND RESET

Example 3: Write a CNC part programme to cut the part as shown in Fig. from a rectangular block with
size 150 mm x 150 mm.
1. CREATE A PATH PROGRAM FOR PROFILE
2. CREATE A VARIOUS DRILLED HOLES USING MODE CALL OPERATION

Program code:
Experiment No. 7

CNC Pocket milling

Title: CNC Profiling & Pocket milling.
Aim: To create a rectangular pocket programming for three axes milling machine on Sinumeric controller
with work offset 0, 0 position.

Program code:
Experiment No. 8

CNC circumferential slot milling

Title: CNC Profiling & Pocketing & Drilling and Slot milling.
Aim: To create a part programming for profiling, pocketing, drilling & slotting operations for three axes
milling machine on Sinumeric controller with work offset 0, 0 position.

Program code:
Experiment No. 9

CNC circular slot milling

Title: CNC Profiling & Pocketing & Slot milling.
Aim: To create a part programming for profiling, pocketing, & slotting operations for three axes milling
machine on Sinumeric controller with work offset 0, 0 position.

Program code:
Experiment No. 10

CAM Programming for milling

Title: CNC CAM Milling operation.
Aim: To design a 3D part and write CAM programming for the given model on NX softwear.

Program code: