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Project Method

- Project method is an American teaching approach developed by John Dewey and William Kilpatrick that focuses on learning through hands-on projects. - Under this method, students choose real-world projects related to their interests and needs to investigate. Projects can be individual or group-based. - The key characteristics of projects are that they are purposeful, involve active learning, take place in natural settings, are problem-focused, and occur in social environments. Common examples include designing models, conducting surveys, or case studies.

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Litty Mary John
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194 views

Project Method

- Project method is an American teaching approach developed by John Dewey and William Kilpatrick that focuses on learning through hands-on projects. - Under this method, students choose real-world projects related to their interests and needs to investigate. Projects can be individual or group-based. - The key characteristics of projects are that they are purposeful, involve active learning, take place in natural settings, are problem-focused, and occur in social environments. Common examples include designing models, conducting surveys, or case studies.

Uploaded by

Litty Mary John
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Project method

Project method

 Project method is of American origin and is an outcome of Dewey’s philosophy


of pragmatism. This method is developed and applied practically by Dr.
Kilpatrick , the university of Columbia.
 The project method is one of the modest methods of teaching in which the
school, curriculum and the content of the studies are considered from child’s
point of view, his needs and interest of the context of real life situation.
Activities in the school are closely connected with child’s daily life and needs.
 Project is a whole-hearted purposeful activity carried out by the individuals in or
outside the school. It is a self-learning method involving investigation, discovery or
finding out something which will not be known to the other individuals. Project varies
from simple to complex. They may be performed individually or in groups. It need not
always be new or original. Investigators projects, preparation of models, case studies,
survey are some of the projects can be undertaken.
Meaning of project Method

 W.H. Kilpatrick is called father of project method. According to him “A project is


a whole hearted purposeful-activity proceeding in a social environment”.

 According to Stevenson– “It is a problematic activity carried to completion in its


natural settings”.

 According to Ballard – “A project is a bit of real life that has been imported
into the school”.

 Thomas and long – “A voluntary undertaking which involves constructive


efforts or thought and eventuates into objective results”.
Characteristics of a Project

▪ Project is a purposeful activity


▪ It is a real life activity
▪ It is an activity in natural setting
▪ It is a problem centered activity
▪ It is an activity in social setting
▪ It is a whole hearted activity
▪ It is a cooperative activity
▪ It is an activity through which solution of a problem is found out by pupils
themselves.
▪ It is a new way of looking at the child
▪ It is a new way of teaching the child to live.
Types of Projects:

 1. Individual - Students undertake the projects independently.

 2. Group - Group of students taking part in projects.


Project is based on the following Principles

1. Psychological principles of Learning

Learning by doing.

Learning by living.

Children learn better through association, co-operation and activity.

2. Psychological laws of learning


Law of readiness
Law of exercise
Law of effect
PRINCIPLES OF PROJECT:

3. Principle of Activity:

Activity is a significant feature of this method. Children select, plan, execute and evaluate
their projects themselves.

4. Principle of social Experience:

The project is selected from real life situations and every project should be social
experience for the children.
5. Principle of Reality:

The project cannot be motivating and interesting for the learner unless it is natural
and real from the learner’s point of view.

6. Principle of utility:

knowledge is meaningful and worthwhile if it is practicable and useful.

7. Principle of Motivation

The selected project should be purposeful and therefore motivating for the
learner. Purpose and goal make the project meaningful and significant.
STEPS INVOLVED IN PROJECT
METHOD
1. Providing a situation

 The project should arise out of the felt need of the students. The teacher
should provide such situation to students which may arouse some suitable
questions to which the student seek answer. It should look important , must
be interesting and purposeful for the students. The teacher can provide
variety of situation through discussion , questioning, library work , field work
etc.
2.Proposing and choosing the Project

 The selection of the project is done by the students themselves. The teacher
can guide the students in the selection of a good project, keeping in mind the
interest, aptitude and ability of the students. In this step the nature and goal
of the project is clearly determined as well as the limits and scope of the
project is clearly defined.
3. Planning the Project

 Planning involves the selection of the most appropriate and feasible set of
activities to be executed. The students chose the most practical plan of
action. The students themselves should do the planning with the teacher as
the guide. While planning, the points to be taken into consideration are
(i) the nature and scope of the project
(ii) the degree of the complexity of the project
(iii) time allotted to finish the project and
(iv) availability of material resources.
4. Execution of the Project

 In this step teacher helps the students in assigning work to different students
in accordance with their interest, aptitude and capabilities. Each member of
the group should be actively involved in the execution of the project. The
teacher should carefully supervise and guide the students in the execution of
the project as per the proposed action plan.
5. Evaluation of the project

 When the project is completed children and the teacher should evaluate it
jointly discussed whether the objectives of the project have been achieved or
not.
6. Recording of the Project

 The students are required to maintain a complete record of work including


the choice of the project, the planning , the discussions held and duties
assigned. Also reference and books consulted and reading taken, difficulties
faced , guidance sought, details of places they visited and surveyed and so on
should be carefully recorded.
Examples of Project method for
secondary school students
❖ Design a Crossword puzzle with mathematical terms
❖ To investigate your local athletics track to see whether it is worked fairly for
runners who start on different lines.
❖ The students can choose several topics from history of mathematics.(Study of
various aspect of Pythagoras theorem, history of the number 𝜋 )
Criteria of a good Project

 The project should be purposeful, useful, and practically applicable to the


daily life of the students, with clear, well defined objectives.
 The project should help in providing useful and meaningful learning
experiences to each member of the group.
 The project should be within the reach of the students in accordance with
their interest and ability levels.
 The project should be feasible in terms of the availability of human and
material resources and time limit.
 The level of complexity of the project should match the ability level of the
students.
 The learning activities of the project should be life –like, purposeful and
natural.
Role of the Teacher

• In the project method the role of a teacher is that of guide, friend a


philosopher.
• The teacher should provide democratic atmosphere in the classroom.
• He helps his students avoid mistakes.
• He should be alert and active all the time to see that the project is running in
its right lines.
• He should have a through knowledge of individual children so as to allot them
work accordingly.
• He should give a chance to shy and introvert pupils to come forward and
participate actively.
• He should have through knowledges and experiences.
• He encourages his students to work collectively, amicably in group.
Merits
Demerits

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