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Clauses of Contrast and Purpose

This document discusses clauses of contrast and purpose in English. It provides examples of contrast clauses using words like although, though, even though, despite, and in spite of. It also gives examples of purpose clauses using words like to, in order to, so as to, for, and so that. The document explains the structures and meanings of different contrast and purpose clauses in 3-4 sentences each.

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Rafael Gavilan
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128 views2 pages

Clauses of Contrast and Purpose

This document discusses clauses of contrast and purpose in English. It provides examples of contrast clauses using words like although, though, even though, despite, and in spite of. It also gives examples of purpose clauses using words like to, in order to, so as to, for, and so that. The document explains the structures and meanings of different contrast and purpose clauses in 3-4 sentences each.

Uploaded by

Rafael Gavilan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Clauses of contrast and purpose

Clauses of contrast
1. Although / Though the advert said it would last for years, my dishwasher broke down
after two months.
My dishwasher broke down after two months, although / though the advert said it
would last for years.
My dishwasher broke down again, even though I'd had it repaired the week before.
My dishwasher has never broken down. I hardly ever use it, though.
2. In spite of / Despite...
her age, my mother is still very active. being 85, my mother is still very active.
the fact that she's 85, my mother is still very active.

• We use although, though, even though, and in spite of or despite to express a contrast.

1. - although, though and even though are usually used at the beginning or in the middle of a
sentence.

• though is more informal than although.


• even though is stronger than although / though and is used to express a big or
surprising contrast.
• though can also be used as an adverb, usually at the end of a sentence, after a comma.
In this case, it means however.

2. - After in spite of or despite, we can use a noun, a verb in the -ing form, or the fact that +
subject + verb.

• Remember not to use of after despite. NOT Despite of the rain,...

Clauses of purpose
1. I went to the bank to ask for a loan.

in order to

so as to

2. I went to the bank for a meeting with my bank manager.


3. I went to the bank so that I could talk to the manager in person.
4. I wrote down what he said so as not to forget it.

in order not to

• Use to, in order to, so as to, for, and so that to express purpose.

1. - After to, in order to, and so as to, use an infinitive.

• in order to and so as to are more formal than to.

2. - Use for + a noun, e.g. for a meeting.

• You can also use for + gerund to describe the exact purpose of a thing, e.g. This liquid
is for cleaning metal.

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Clauses of contrast and purpose
3. - After so that, use a subject + modal verb (can, could, would, etc.).

• When there is a change of subject in a clause of purpose, we use so that, e.g. We


bought a new car so that the children would have more space. NOT to / in order to / so
as to the children... This is the only way of expressing purpose when there is a change
of subject.

4. - To express a negative purpose, use so as not to or in order not to, e.g. I wrote down what
he said in order not to forget it. NOT …to not forget it.

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