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Q4 Fundamental Theorems of Proportionality

The document summarizes the fundamental theorems of proportionality, including the basic proportionality theorem and its converse. It provides examples of applying the theorems to solve proportion problems involving triangles. Activities are included for students to identify whether proportions are correct or not, find missing lengths, and use the theorems to solve proportions.

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MATILLO, ETHAN GAVIN E.
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543 views19 pages

Q4 Fundamental Theorems of Proportionality

The document summarizes the fundamental theorems of proportionality, including the basic proportionality theorem and its converse. It provides examples of applying the theorems to solve proportion problems involving triangles. Activities are included for students to identify whether proportions are correct or not, find missing lengths, and use the theorems to solve proportions.

Uploaded by

MATILLO, ETHAN GAVIN E.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamental Theorems

of Proportionality
Cherry Lou G. Lagrimas
Subject Teacher
OBJECTIVES
❖ identify the basic proportionality theorem,
its converse, and the other proportionality
theorems
❖ apply the fundamental theorems of
proportionality to solve problems involving
proportion
❖ value the theorems through application
Solve for the value of x in each of
What’s In?
the following proportions.

2 𝑥 4𝑥−1 6𝑥+1
1. = 2. =
3 9 3 5

𝑦 𝑎
Rewrite the proportion = using:
3 4

1. alternation property 3. addition property


2. inverse property 4. cross-multiplication property
What’s New?

If a line is parallel to a
side of a triangle which
intersects the other
sides in two distinct
points, then the line
divides those sides in
proportion.
What’s New?

If a line intersects two


sides of a triangle and
the sides are divided
into segments which
are proportional, then
the line is parallel to
the third side.
What’s
More?
𝑒 𝑑
From BPT, = . This
𝑓 𝑐
proportion considers the
segments of the two
sides of the triangle that
were divided by the line
parallel to its third side.
Separate the two
triangles and create
other proportions.
Other proportions can be derived from BPT.
Considering the ratio of the sides of the smaller
triangle and the sides of the larger triangle
Considering the ratio of the differences between the
sides of the larger triangle and the smaller triangle,
and the sides of the larger triangle
Other proportions can be derived from BPT.
Considering the ratio of the sides of the smaller
triangle and the differences between the sides of
the larger triangle and the smaller triangle
Note that other proportions may also be derived by using the
properties of proportionality.
What It Is? Activity 1: Tell whether the
proportion is right or wrong.

𝑇𝑁 𝑇𝐿
1. =
𝑁𝐸 𝐿𝐺
𝐿𝑁 𝑁𝑇
2. =
𝐸𝐺 𝐸𝑇
𝑇𝐿 𝑇𝑁 𝐿𝑁
3. = =
𝑇𝐺 𝑇𝐸 𝐸𝐺
𝐿𝐺 𝑁𝐸 𝐿𝑁
4. = =
𝑇𝐺 𝑇𝐸 𝐸𝐺
What It Is? Activity 2: Find the missing length.

1. QC 2. r
What It Is? Activity 2: Find the missing length
or verify.
3. y and r
4.
What It Is? Activity 2: Find the missing length.

5. In ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅, 𝑖f 𝑃𝑇 = 3𝑥 + 1 cm, 𝑇𝑅 =
3𝑥 – 1 cm, 𝑄𝑆 = 5𝑥 – 1 cm, and
𝑅𝑆 = 4𝑥 + 1 cm, find the value of
𝑥.

6. In ΔABC, L and M are points on


the sides AB and AC respectively
such that line segment 𝐿𝑀 ∥ 𝐵𝐶.
𝐴𝐿 3
If 𝐿𝐵 = 5 and AC = 12 cm, find
AM.
What’s More?

Three Parallel Lines Theorem


If three parallel lines intersect two transversals,
then they divide the transversals proportionally.
What’s More?

Triangle Angle Bisector Theorem


If a ray bisects an angle of
a triangle, then it divides
the opposite side into
segments whose lengths are
proportional to the lengths
of the other two sides.
What It Is? Activity 3: Find the missing length.

1. x 2. s
What It Is? Activity 3: Find the missing length.

3. PR
What It Is? Activity 4: Use the figure to
complete the proportion.
𝐸𝑁 ?
1. =
𝐸𝐻 𝐸𝑌
𝑁𝐻 𝑆𝑌
2. =
? 𝐸𝑌
𝑆𝑇 𝑁𝑂
3. =
𝐸𝑇 ?
? 𝑂𝐻
4. =
𝑆𝑌 𝑁𝐻
𝐸𝑁 ? 𝐸𝑆
5. = =
𝐸𝑂 𝑂𝑇 𝐸𝑇
What It Is? Activity 5: Solve for r, s, and t.

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