3 - Verbs - Learning Swedish
3 - Verbs - Learning Swedish
http://learningswedish.se/courses/1/pages/verbs 1/19
17/3/2016 Verbs: Learning Swedish
Verbs
Grammar index
3. Verbs
3.1 Verbs – an overview
3.2.3 Infinitives
INFINITIVE
http://learningswedish.se/courses/1/pages/verbs 2/19
17/3/2016 Verbs: Learning Swedish
INFINITIVE
ska..., vill....,
PERFECT
IMPERATIVE PRETERITE måste..., får...,
PRESENT PLUPERFECT
(= stem) (imperfect) kan...,
har..., hade...
borde...,
brukar..., att...
Look at the table. Can you see how the different verb forms are put together? Use the stem
as your guide!
RULE
PERFECT
IMPERATIVE PRESENT PRETERITE INFINITIVE
PLUPERFECT
= stem +r + de (te) +t +a
INFINITIVE
ska..., vill....,
PERFECT
IMPERATIVE PRETERITE måste..., får...,
PRESENT PLUPERFECT
(= stem) (imperfect) kan...,
har..., hade..
borde...,
brukar..., att...
Some verbs do not follow the rules mentioned above, and are conjugated in different ways. See the
section on “3.3 Strong and irregular verbs” or "3.3.2 Irregular verbs".
http://learningswedish.se/courses/1/pages/verbs 3/19
17/3/2016 Verbs: Learning Swedish
section on “3.3 Strong and irregular verbs” or "3.3.2 Irregular verbs".
NOTE: The verbs in the vocabulary are always presented in the present tense, for teaching reasons.
Back to top
Lyssna på dialogen!
Stäng fönstret!
Läs texten!
Tro mig!
Skriv!
Show rule
Back to top
How are these verbs conjugated? Look closely at the different subjects, and at the verbs’
ending. Start from the stem of the verb.
IMPERATIVE
PRESENT
(= stem)
plugga pluggar
http://learningswedish.se/courses/1/pages/verbs 4/19
17/3/2016 Verbs: Learning Swedish
tyck tycker
ha har
lär lär
ring ringer
bo bor
Hide rule
After a stem that ends in a consonant, the -r becomes -er, as in the example ring-er.
NOTE! Swedish verbs only have one ending in the present tense. The ending is -r, no matter who
the subject is!
jag, du, hon, han, han, vi, ni, de: pluggar, ringer, tycker, lär, bor etc.
Back to top
3.2.3 Infinitives
Look closely at the examples. How would you construct the infinitive?
When do you use the infinitive in Swedish? What sort of verb do you have in front of it?
What do the verbs in the examples above mean?
INFINITIVE
IMPERATIVE ska, vill, kan, tänker, behöver, får +
(= stem) infinitive,
http://learningswedish.se/courses/1/pages/verbs 5/19
17/3/2016 Verbs: Learning Swedish
(= stem) infinitive,
att + infinitive
bo vill bo
Hide rule
RULE: Infinitives
After stems ending in a vowel, there is no extra -a: tala, bo, förstå.
Directly in front of the infinitive, you will sometimes find the word "att":
Back to top
Auxiliary verbs are usually combined with the infinitive of the verb.
brukar (to usually do something) Han brukar läsa tidningen varje morgon.
får (be allowed to, may) Här får man inte röka.
kan (be able to, can) Jag kan tala lite svenska.
http://learningswedish.se/courses/1/pages/verbs 6/19
17/3/2016 Verbs: Learning Swedish
behöver (need to, have to), behöver inte (=slipper) (need not, not have to), tänker (plan, intend),
börjar (begin, start), slutar (stop), orkar (manage to, be able to)
Jag behöver inte städa i dag (=Jag slipper städa i dag). Min fru gör det.
Jag slutade röka den 31 december.
Jag orkar inte plugga mer i dag.
Back to top
Look at verbs in the examples above. What is their present tense form?
Pay particular attention to förstörde (ruined) and köpte (bought). Why is it “-de” in one, and
"-te" in the other?
Look at the table below too see how the preterite (or imperfect) tense is formed in Swedish:
IMPERATIVE
PRETERITE
(=stem)
städa städade
http://learningswedish.se/courses/1/pages/verbs 7/19
17/3/2016 Verbs: Learning Swedish
stängde
stäng
köpte
köp
(-te after p, k, s, t)
tro trodde
Hide rule
If the imperative form ends in a voiceless consonant (-p, -k, -s, -t), the preterite (or imperfect) form
is -te: läs-te, köp-te, åk-te, möt-te ( = "the Pakistan-rule").
If the stem ends in a vowel other than "a", the form is: -dde: tro-dde.
Some verbs do not follow these rules and are conjugated differently. These verbs are called strong
or irregular verbs. Read the chapter "3.3 Strong and irregular verbs", or look in the verb list (3.3.2
Irregular verbs) or vocabulary.
NOTE: Verbs in the vocabulary are always listed in the present tense.
Back to top
What forms do the main verbs in bold in the above examples take in the present and
preterite (imperfect)?
http://learningswedish.se/courses/1/pages/verbs 8/19
17/3/2016 Verbs: Learning Swedish
PERFECT
IMPERATIVE
PRESENT PRETERITE PLUPERFECT
(= stem)
(har..., hade...)
How do you form the perfect tense of a verb? Start from the stem!
Show rule
Back to top
Look at the verb forms and at the expressions of time in these sentences (if there are any
expressions of time). When do you use the perfect tense?
And when do you use the preterite (imperfect)?
Show rule
Back to top
Show rule
Back to top
Show rule
Back to top
Show rule
Back to top
http://learningswedish.se/courses/1/pages/verbs 10/19
17/3/2016 Verbs: Learning Swedish
DEFINITE FORM
SINGULAR, AND
IMPERATIVE INDEFINITE FORM INDEFINITE FORM
INDEFINITE AND
(=stem) SINGULAR SINGULAR
DEFINITE FORM
PLURAL
(en-word) (ett-word)
Show rule
Back to top
IMPERATIVE
INFINITIVE PRESENT PARTICIPLE
(=stem)
Show rule
Back to top
Many verbs do not follow the usual rules, as in the following examples:
INFINITIVE
PERFECT,
IMPERATIVE PLUPERFECT ska..., vill...,
PRESENT PRETERITE
(= stem) kan...,
har..., hade...
brukar..., får...
http://learningswedish.se/courses/1/pages/verbs 12/19
17/3/2016 Verbs: Learning Swedish
skriv skriver skrev skrivit skriva
Look at the table again. Can you see a pattern? What do the verbs in each group have in
common?
Show rule
Back to top
There is also a group of verbs which do not follow the pattern detailed above.
INFINITIVE
PERFECT,
ska..., vill...,
IMPERATIVE PLUPERFECT
PRESENT PRETERITE kan..., bör...,
(=stem)
har..., hade... brukar...,
att....
Back to top
IMPERATIVE PERFECT,
PRESENT PRETERITE INFINITIVE Translation
(=stem) PLUPERFECT
ask,
be ber bad bett be
request
http://learningswedish.se/courses/1/pages/verbs 14/19
17/3/2016 Verbs: Learning Swedish
ought,
– bör borde bort –
should
hide,
dölj döljer dolde dolt dölja
conceal
get, be
få får fick fått få
allowed to
arrest,
grip griper grep gripit gripa
grab
have time
hinn hinner hann hunnit hinna
to
http://learningswedish.se/courses/1/pages/verbs 15/19
17/3/2016 Verbs: Learning Swedish
to
can, be
– kan kunde kunnat kunna
able to
lie
ligg ligger låg legat ligga
(position)
lie (tell
ljug ljuger ljög ljugit ljuga
untruth)
let, leave
(also:
låt låter lät låtit låta
make a
sound)
put, set
lägg lägger la(de) lagt lägga
down
must, have
– måste måste måst –
to
separate,
skilj skiljer skilde skilt skilja
divide
do not
slipp slipper slapp sluppit slippa have to,
avoid
sneak,
smyg smyger smög smugit smyga
slink
prick,
stick sticker stack stuckit sticka thrust, go
away
step (also:
stig stiger steg stigit stiga rise,
increase)
http://learningswedish.se/courses/1/pages/verbs 17/19
17/3/2016 Verbs: Learning Swedish
stand, be
stå står stod stått stå
positioned
drink
sup super söp supit supa
alcohol
sting,
svid svider sved svidit svida
smart
fail, let
svik sviker svek svikit svika
down
keep
tig tiger teg tigit tiga
silent
Back to top
How do you construct the perfect participle of a strong and irregular verb?
What function (word-class) does the perfect participle have?
Definite form
singular, and
Imperative Indefinite form
Supine form indefinite and
(=stem) singular
definite form
plural
en-words ett-words
Show rule
Back to top
http://learningswedish.se/courses/1/pages/verbs 19/19