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Ecsi 2023P Fuid Mechanics 1a - 5

1. Fluid kinematics is the study of fluids in motion without considering forces, and fluid flow can occur turbulently or laminarly depending on factors like velocity and viscosity. 2. Reynolds number determines if flow is turbulent or laminar based on velocity, density, viscosity, and conduit diameter. 3. Continuity equation states that for incompressible steady flow, mass flow rate into a volume must equal the mass flow rate out.

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5 views

Ecsi 2023P Fuid Mechanics 1a - 5

1. Fluid kinematics is the study of fluids in motion without considering forces, and fluid flow can occur turbulently or laminarly depending on factors like velocity and viscosity. 2. Reynolds number determines if flow is turbulent or laminar based on velocity, density, viscosity, and conduit diameter. 3. Continuity equation states that for incompressible steady flow, mass flow rate into a volume must equal the mass flow rate out.

Uploaded by

Martin Ndung'u
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

School of Civil Engineering


EECI 2231 Fluid Mechanics 1A

Fluid Kinematics
Fluid kinematics is the study of fluids in motion without considering the forces causing it eg
pressure . Fluid flow can occur in two distinct ways i.e.
Turbulent flow in which the particles of fluid move in any disorderly manner occupying
different relative position in successive cross sections

Viscous flow /streamline / lamina flow in which the particles of fluid moves in an orderly
manner and retain the same relative positions in successive cross sections

Osborne Reynolds (University of Manchester, 23.08.1842 – 21.02.1912) stated that the type of
flow the type of flow of a fluid is determined by velocity of flow, density of fluid, viscosity of
ρ vd
fluid and size of conduit sand depended on this value η called Reynolds number in which
V=velocity of flow ρ= mass density of fluid η= viscosity of fluid d =diameter of
conduit
ρ vd
Reynolds number η 2300 ¿≤ 4000 turbulent flow

ρ vd
η ¿ 2100 lamina or viscous flow
a) Uniform flow - is a flow where the cross sectional area and velocity of stream of fluid
are the same at each successive cross section
b) Steady flow – is a flow where the cross section area and velocity of the stream may vary
from cross section to cross section ,but for each cross section they do not change with
time
c) Unsteady flow – is a flow where the cross sectional area and velocity of the stream at
any cross section vary with time
Continuity equation is based on the principle of conservation of mass - it states that for a
fluid flowing through the pipe at all the cross sections, the quantity of fluid per second is
constant for an incompressible fluid A1V1 = Q2= A2V or
that for a controlled volume that has a single inlet and outlet the principle of conservation of
mass states that, for steady- state flow the mass flow rate into the volume must equal the
mass flow rate out for both uniform flow and steady flow

Q1 =A1V1 = Q2= A2V2


Mean velocity is the velocity V (m/s) at any cross section of area A (m2) when the volume
3
Qm /s
Vm/ s=
passing per second is Q (m3/s) will be Am 2

Discharge is the volume of liquid passing a given cross section in unit time measured in
cubic meters per second (m3/s)
Acceleration of a fluid particle is the rate of change of its velocity in the lagrangian approach the
velocity of a fluid particle is a function of time

Path line are individual trajectory that individual fluid particle follow ie they are recording of the
path of a fluid element in the flow over a certain period the direction a path line takes will
be determined by the stream lines of the fluid at each moment in time

Stream line is the path of imaginary particle suspended in the fluid and carried along with it
Stream tube is a tubular region of fluid surrounded by streamlines

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