INTRODUCTION TO
PHYSICAL FITNESS
Legal Bases of
Physical Education
• Article 1, International Charter of Physical Education
and Sports, UNESCO, Paris, 1978 and Recommendation
1, International Disciplinary Regional Meeting of
Experts on Physical Education, UNESCO, Brisbane, 1982
“The practice of physical education and sport is a fundamental right of
all…”
“And this right should not be treated as different in principle from the
right to adequate food, shelter, and medical care.”
Legal Bases of
Physical Education
Article XIV, Section 19, 1987 Constitution of the Republic
of the Philippines
Section 1 “The state shall promote physical education and encourage sports
programs, league competitions and amateur sports including training for
international competition to foster self-discipline, teamwork, and excellence for the
development of a healthy and alert citizenry.”
Section 2 “All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities
throughout the country and in cooperation with athletic clubs and other sectors.”
Legal Bases of
Physical Education
Republic Act No. 5708 an act providing for the promotion and financing
of an integrated Physical Education and Sports Development Program for
the schools in the Philippines. Section 1, this Act shall be known as “The
Schools Physical Education and Sports Development Act of 1969.
PD 604 - This is an act integrating nationwide youth development,
physical fitness and amateur sports development programs and creating
for this purpose the department of youth and sports development, and
for other purposes.
Physical Education
“An integral part of educational program
designed to promote the optimum
development of the individual physically,
socially, emotionally and mentally
through total body movement in the
performance of properly selected physical
activities"
(Andin 1988)
PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY
“Any bodily movement produced
by the contraction of skeletal
muscles that results in a
substantial increase over resting
energy expenditure.”
EXERCISE
"A type of physical activity consisting
of planned, structured, and
repetitive bodily movement done to
improve or maintain one or more
components of physical fitness.”
OBJECTIVES OF PE
1 Physical Development
To be able to maintain a lifelong health and high level of
fitness, one should actively participate in physical
activities, thus by engaging in physical activities, one can
enhance growth and development
2 Social Development
Participation in sports related activities, one can acquire
desirable social traits such as friendliness, cooperation,
respect for the right of others, fellowship and honestly in
game competitions
OBJECTIVES OF PE
3 Emotional Development
Emotional traits can be developed through participation in
sports related activities are self-confidence, self-control,
self-reliance, courage, determination and personal
discipline.
4 Mental Development
Mental capacities improves through learning the
mechanical principle underlying movements, as he obtains
knowledge and understanding of rules and strategies of
games and sports as he discovers ways of improving his
movements
FITNESS
"The ability to carry out daily tasks
with vigor and alertness, without
undue fatigue, and with ample energy
to enjoy leisure-time pursuits and
meet unforeseen emergencies"
(Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory
Committee, 2008)
FITNESS
“The ability to carry out daily task
efficiently with enough physical
capacity to cope with the physical
needs of life”
(Scully in Eviza, 2007)
FACTORS THAT AFFECT
FITNESS
1 Food
2 Rest/Sleep
3 Exercise or Physical Activities
FITNESS
COMPONENTS
Health-related Fitness Components
1
Are those that are designated as improving health,
wellness, and one’s quality of life. Improvements in these
components can enhance physical performance
2 Skill-related Fitness Components
These components are essential to athletic performance
and the ability to perform activities of daily living.
HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS COMPONENTS
Cardiorespiratory Muscular Flexibility
Body Composition
Endurance
Fat Mass vs. Lean
Aerobic Strength
Body Mass
Anaerobic Endurance
CARDIO RESPIRATO
ENDURANCE
It is the ability to exercise the entire body for long
periods of time. It requires strong heart, healthy
lungs and clear blood vessels to h oxygen. Example of
exercise and physical activity that can test your
cardiorespiratory endurance is running, swimming,
dancing, etc.
MUSCULAR
STRENGTH
It is the amount of force your muscles can produce.
Strength is often measured by how much weight you
can lift for a short period of time. People with good
strength can perform daily tasks efficiently – that is,
with least amount of effort. Example of activity
involving muscular strength is weightlifting.
MUSCULAR
ENDURANCE
It is the ability to use your muscles many time times
without tiring. People with good muscular endurance
are better able to resist fatigue. The activities
involving muscular endurance are those that are
performed for a long periods of time. Example,
basketball, volleyball, marathon, triathlon, etc
FLEXIBILITY
It is the ability to use your joints fully through a wide
range of motion. A person is flexible when the
muscles are long enough and the joints are free
enough to allow movements. It can be increased by
stretching the muscles, tendons and ligaments.
BODY COMPOSITION
Refers to the ratio between lean tissues and fatty
tissues in the body. Lean tissue or fat-free mass
includes muscles, bones, organs and connective
tissue. Your body composition is determined by
heredity, nutrition and level of activity.
Ectomorph body type (Aesthenic means without
strength) is characterized with a thin, ,linear
appearance. Those of this type often possess
narrow waist, hips and shoulders. The
ectomorph has a low body fat percentage
Mesomorph Body Type
(Athletic)
Is characterized with broad
shoulders, small waist,
naturally large muscles and
fast metabolism due to
amount of lean muscle. For
men, a mesomorph looks
like a natural man with a
heavy, hard and athletic
physique
Endomorph Body Type (Pyknic
means thick)
Often characterized with big bones,
round face, large trunk and thighs, as
well as a degree of body fat,
especially around the midsection
SKILL-RELATED FITNESS COMPONENTS
Agility Coordination Speed Power Reaction Time Balance
Agility
• The ability of the individual to change
position in space; also refers to quickness of
movement.
• Agility is defined as a rapid whole body
movement with change of velocity or
direction in response to stimulus.
Sheppard and Young 2006
Balance
The ability of a person to hold certain position
while moving or in still position
Coordination
The ability to use the senses together with body
parts in performing tasks smoothly and
accurately
Power
Refers to muscular power which is the ability to
release maximum force in the shortest possible
time. It is a combination of strength (force) and
speed (velocity)
Reaction Time
Is the time required to initiate a movement of
various body parts after the reception of a
stimulus.
Speed
Refers to the ability to do successive
movements of the same kind in the shortest
period of time.
