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Unit 2 Lesson 3 Variance of Random Variable

This lesson discusses calculating and interpreting the variance of a discrete random variable. It defines variance as the dispersion or variability of a probability distribution. The lesson provides formulas for computing variance and standard deviation, and properties of variance. Examples are worked through to demonstrate calculating variance and standard deviation from probability distributions. The concepts are then practiced through individual and group exercises.

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ABM 11-5 Maneja, Ford Zedrick R.
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262 views

Unit 2 Lesson 3 Variance of Random Variable

This lesson discusses calculating and interpreting the variance of a discrete random variable. It defines variance as the dispersion or variability of a probability distribution. The lesson provides formulas for computing variance and standard deviation, and properties of variance. Examples are worked through to demonstrate calculating variance and standard deviation from probability distributions. The concepts are then practiced through individual and group exercises.

Uploaded by

ABM 11-5 Maneja, Ford Zedrick R.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 3

Variance of a
Discrete Random
Variable
Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to

● correctly calculate the variance of a discrete


random variable;

● correctly interpret the variance of a discrete


random variable; and

● accurately apply the concept of variance of a


discrete random variable in real-life situations.
Essential Questions

● What is the difference between the variance of a raw data


to the variance of a probability distribution?

● How does the interpretation of the variance affects our


understanding of the probability distribution?
Warm Up!

Before we discuss about the variance of a discrete random


variable, let us review the concept of the standard deviation
through an instructional video.

(Click the link below to access the instructional video.)

Jeremy Jones. “Standard Deviation – Explained and


Visualized.” YouTube video, 3:42. Posted 05 April 2015.
Retrieved 14 July 2019 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRqtXL2WX2M
Guide Questions

● What concepts about standard deviation have you learned


or remembered while watching the video?

● What is the standard deviation? How do we apply it in a set


of data?

● The video we watched was about a set of data commonly


known as raw data. What do you think does the standard
deviation of a random probability distribution describe?
Learn about It!

1 Variance (𝝈𝟐 ) and Standard Deviation (𝝈) of a


Discrete Random Variable
describes the dispersion or the variability of the distribution

The variance can be computed using the formula


𝜎 2 = Σ 𝑋 2 ⋅ 𝑃 𝑋 − 𝜇2 .
The standard deviation is the square root of the variance.
Thus, its formula is expressed as 𝜎 = Σ 𝑋 2 ⋅ 𝑃 𝑋 − 𝜇2 .
Learn about It!

2 Properties of the Variance


Let 𝑋 and 𝑌 be random variables, and let 𝑎 and 𝑏 be constants. The following
properties hold:
1. 𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑋 + 𝑏 = 𝑎2 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋)
2. 𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑋 + 𝑌 = 𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑋 + 𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑌 = 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋 − 𝑌), provided that 𝑋 and 𝑌 are
independent of each other.
Try It!

Example 1: Find the variance and the standard deviation of


the discrete random variable 𝑋 with the following probability
distribution.
𝑿 𝑷(𝑿)
3 1
8
2 3
8
1 3
8
0 1
8
Try It!

Example 1: Find the variance and the standard deviation of


the discrete random variable 𝑋 with the following probability
distribution.
Solution:
1. Compute for the mean 𝑿 𝑷(𝑿) 𝑿 ∙ 𝑷(𝑿)
of the probability 3 1 3

distribution. 8
3
8
6
2
8 8
3 3
1
8 8
1
0 0
8
TOTAL 𝟏. 𝟓
Try It!

Example 1: Find the variance and the standard deviation of


the discrete random variable 𝑋 with the following probability
distribution.
Solution:
Thus, the mean of the probability distribution is 𝝁 = 𝟏. 𝟓.
Try It!

Example 1: Find the variance and the standard deviation of


the discrete random variable 𝑋 with the following probability
distribution.
Solution:
2. Construct the column for 𝑋 2 and 𝑋 2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋).

Determine the values by squaring the value of the random


variable and multiplying it to its corresponding probability
value 𝑃(𝑋).
Try It!

Example 1: Find the variance and the standard deviation of


the discrete random variable 𝑋 with the following probability
distribution.
Solution:
𝑿 𝑷(𝑿) 𝑿𝟐 𝑿𝟐 ∙ 𝑷(𝑿)
1 9
3 9
8 8
3 12
2 4
8 8
3 3
1 1
8 8
1
0 0 0
8
TOTAL 𝟐𝟒
=𝟑
𝟖
Try It!

Example 1: Find the variance and the standard deviation of


the discrete random variable 𝑋 with the following probability
distribution.
Solution:
3. Find the variance and the standard deviation using their
corresponding formula.
Try It!

Example 1: Find the variance and the standard deviation of


the discrete random variable 𝑋 with the following probability
distribution.
Solution:
For the variance:

𝜎2 = 𝛴 𝑋2 ∙ 𝑃 𝑋 − 𝜇2
= 3 − 1.5 2
= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
Try It!

Example 1: Find the variance and the standard deviation of


the discrete random variable 𝑋 with the following probability
distribution.
Solution:
For the standard deviation:

𝜎 = 𝛴 𝑋2 ∙ 𝑃 𝑋 − 𝜇2
= 0.75
= 𝟎. 𝟖𝟕
Try It!

Example 1: Find the variance and the standard deviation of


the discrete random variable 𝑋 with the following probability
distribution.
Solution:
Thus, the variance of the discrete random variable 𝑋 is
𝝈𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 while its standard deviation is 𝝈 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟕.
Try It!

Example 2: Find the variance and standard deviation of the


probability distribution shown below.
𝑿 𝑷(𝑿)
0 0.09
1 0.19
2 0.37
3 0.23
4 0.12
Try It!

Example 2: Find the variance and standard deviation of the


probability distribution shown below.

Solution:
1. Compute for the mean of 𝑿 𝑷(𝑿) 𝑿 ⋅ 𝑷(𝑿)
the probability distribution. 0 0.09 0
1 0.19 0.19
Thus, the mean of the
probability distribution is 2 0.37 0.74
𝝁 = 𝟐. 𝟏. 3 0.23 0.69
4 0.12 0.48
TOTAL 𝟐. 𝟏
Try It!

Example 2: Find the variance and standard deviation of the


probability distribution shown below.

Solution:
2. Construct the column for 𝑋 2 and 𝑋 2 ⋅ 𝑃(𝑋).

Determine the values by squaring the value of the random


variable and multiplying it to its corresponding probability
value.
Try It!

Example 2: Find the variance and standard deviation of the


probability distribution shown below.

Solution:
𝑿 𝑷(𝑿) 𝑿𝟐 𝑿𝟐 ⋅ 𝑷(𝑿)
0 0.09 0 0
1 0.19 1 0.19
2 0.37 4 1.48
3 0.23 9 2.07
4 0.12 16 1.92
TOTAL 𝟓. 𝟔𝟔
Try It!

Example 2: Find the variance and standard deviation of the


probability distribution shown below.

Solution:
3. Find the variance and the standard deviation using their
corresponding formula.
Try It!

Example 2: Find the variance and standard deviation of the


probability distribution shown below.

Solution:
For the variance:

𝜎 2 = Σ 𝑋 2 ⋅ 𝑃 𝑋 − 𝜇2
= 5.66 − 2.1 2
= 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
Try It!

Example 2: Find the variance and standard deviation of the


probability distribution shown below.

Solution:
For the standard deviation:

𝜎= Σ 𝑋2 ⋅ 𝑃 𝑋 − 𝜇2
= 1.25
= 𝟏. 𝟏𝟐
Try It!

Example 2: Find the variance and standard deviation of the


probability distribution shown below.

Solution:
Thus, the variance of the discrete random variable 𝑋 is
𝝈𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓, and its standard deviation is 𝝈 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟐.
Let’s Practice!

Individual Practice:

1. Given the probability distribution of a random variable 𝑋


below, compute for the variance and standard deviation.

𝑿 1 2 3 4

𝑷(𝑿) 1 1 2 3
5 10 5 10
Let’s Practice!

Individual Practice:

2. Construct a probability distribution for the random


variable 𝑀 that refers to the number of male offsprings in
a family with three children. Compute for the variance
and standard deviation of the random variable and
interpret the result.
Let’s Practice!

Group Practice: To be done in groups of two to five.

1. Trixie Anne is comparing the data retrieved from the sales


of computers last year and her organized data this year.
Last year, the expected value for computer sales was 4
computers per day with a standard deviation of 1.21
computers. Given the set of data below, which year yields
better sales?
Let’s Practice!

Number of Computers Probability


(𝑿) 𝑷(𝑿)
0 0.12
1 0.32
2 0.08
3 0.14
4 0.21
5 0.13
Key Points

1 Variance (𝝈𝟐 ) and Standard Deviation (𝝈) of a


Discrete Random Variable
describes the dispersion or the variability of the distribution

2 Properties of the Variance


Let 𝑋 and 𝑌 be random variables, and let 𝑎 and 𝑏 be constants. The following
properties hold:
1. 𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑋 + 𝑏 = 𝑎2 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋)
2. 𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑋 + 𝑌 = 𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑋 + 𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑌 = 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋 − 𝑌), provided that 𝑋 and 𝑌 are
independent of each other.
Synthesis

● How do we determine the variance and the standard


deviation of a probability distribution?

● Why is it important to measure the dispersion of a


probability distribution?

● How can we construct a probability distribution for a


continuous random variable?

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