Language, Culture and Society

Dr. RICHARD M. BAÑEZ

Associate Professor IV, College of Teacher Education
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY JPLC-MALVAR CAMPUS
 CHAPTER 1:
The Nature of
Language and
Language Study
 arbitrary system human

transmission communication

vocal expression symbol

Relate the given terms to

language.
A definition of language

“It is a system of arbitrary vocal

symbols used for human
communication.”
LESSON 1:
A Quick Look at
Language, Macro Skills
and Communicative
Competence
Language
❑ smaller units into
a system larger units
❑ rule-governed
❑ syntax

potential to
diversity Language create new ❑ creatively
meanings ❑ range of messages

❑ variety
❑ language
boundaries multiple ❑ referentially
functions ❑ affectively
❑ aesthetically
❑ phatically
Macro Skills

Receptive Skills Productive Skills

listening speaking

reading writing

visually
viewing
representing
 Macro Skills
Types Phases Models Strategies
❑ informational ❑ perception ❑ bottom-up ❑ cognitive
❑ evaluative ❑ parsing ❑ top-down ❑ metacognitive
❑ appreciative ❑ utilization ❑ Social-affective
❑ therapeutic

listening

Diving into Real Life

Sarah joins a monthly literary analysis book club dedicated to exploring classic
literature. This month's focus is Harper Lee's "To Kill a Mockingbird." She
carefully assesses the depth of fellow members' insights, the logic of their
arguments, and the textual evidence they employ. When her peers share
viewpoints, Sarah applies her grasp of themes to predict discussion flow and
contribute her insights. She also engages in self-reflection about her
understanding of the book and her discussion contributions.
 Macro Skills
Components Functions Types
❑ meaning ❑ interaction ❑ imitative
❑ sociality, ❑ transaction ❑ intensive
relationship, and ❑ performance ❑ responsive
affect ❑ interactive
❑ cultural issues ❑ extensive
❑ performance
❑ sound elements
speaking

Diving into Real Life

Emily and Alex are classmates working together on a group presentation for their
history class. They need to choose a topic that both interests them and aligns with the
assignment's requirements. Emily suggests, "Hey, I was thinking we could explore the
Civil Rights Movement. It's a powerful era in history, and we can highlight the struggles
and triumphs of the people who fought for equality. Plus, it's a topic that resonates with
a lot of people and reminds us of the progress we've made." Alex responds, "I totally get
where you're coming from. The Civil Rights Movement does carry a lot of weight, and I
agree it's an important topic. On the other hand, I'm also curious about exploring the
impact of the Space Race on society during that time. It's a bit different, but it could
showcase the advancements in technology and the Cold War context."
 Macro Skills
Types Phases Models
❑ efferent ❑ word ❑ bottom-up
❑ aesthetic recognition ❑ top-down
❑ comprehension
❑ fluency Levels
❑ literal
reading ❑ inferential
❑ critical
❑ creative

Diving into Real Life

Sarah opens the book of poetry and immerses herself in the language and
imagery. She reads each line slowly, savoring the words' sounds, and rhythms.
The poetry describes the reflection of the trees in the water, the gentle ripples,
and the colors of the sky. Sarah is not only focused on understanding the
surface meaning of the words but also on appreciating the sensory and
emotional experience the language creates.
 Macro Skills
Developmental Aspects Process Re-writing
stages ❑ purpose ❑ Pre-writing stages
❑ novice ❑ audience ❑ Planning ❑ revising
❑ transitional ❑ action ❑ Drafting ❑ editing
❑ willing ❑ proofreading
❑ independent

writing

Diving into Real Life

As a high school student, Mark tackles a persuasive essay for his English
class, aiming to argue for stricter regulations on single-use plastics to
promote environmental preservation. He anchors his draft with an attention-
grabbing plastic pollution statistic, builds compelling arguments against
single-use plastics' impact on marine life, reinforcing his purpose in every
paragraph through evidence, logic, and emotion, concluding with a summary
of key points and his stance. He plans to later revise for stronger arguments
and enhanced persuasive techniques.
Macro Skills

Types
viewing ❑ visual
❑ critical
Macro Skills

visually
representing
Types
❑ artistic
❑ graphic
❑ dramatic
Communicative Competence

Analyze the provided situations and explain how you would

respond to each.
1. How can you ensure that your sentences are acceptable?
2. How would you adjust how you talk to match the
important people and serious situations in a business
meeting?
3. How can you ensure your ideas flow smoothly during
classroom reporting, connecting each point to keep the
listeners engaged and your topic clear?
4. How would you teach someone from Japan who doesn't
understand English or Filipino languages to play Yoyo?
Communicative Competence
Component of
Communicative Description
Competence
Grammatical Accurate speaking and writing skills,
including words, sentences, and meaning.
Sociolinguistic Using language suitably in social contexts
based on norms.
Discourse Connecting sentences with coherence to
the topic.
Strategic Adapting to communication issues with
verbal and nonverbal tactics
Question to ponder

How does an understanding of

language's macro skills and
communicative competence empower
individuals to effectively convey
messages and navigate the intricacies
of communication across different
contexts?
LESSON 2:
First Language vs.
Second Language
First Language vs. Second Language

https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=l5j2XfyCX
H4
First Language vs. Second Language
Question to ponder

How does contrasting the processes of

acquiring a first language and learning a
second language provide valuable
perspectives on the intricate nature of
language acquisition and its
implications for language education?
LESSON 3:
Micro and Macro
Linguistics
Micro and Macro Linguistics
Micro Linguistics
Micro Linguistics
▪ PHONOLOGY
▪ The sound system of a language; the
component of a grammar that includes the
inventory of sounds (phonetic and
phonemic units) and rules for their
combination and pronunciation; the study
of the sound systems of all languages.

▪ PHONETICS
▪ The study of linguistic speech sounds, how
they are produced (articulatory phonetics),
how they are perceived (auditory or
perceptual phonetics), and their physical
aspects (acoustic phonetics).

Tsunami
Micro Linguistics
▪ MORPHOLOGY
▪ The study of the structure of words;
the component of the grammar that
includes the rules of word formation.
Micro Linguistics
▪ SYNTAX
▪ The rules of sentence formation; the component
of the mental grammar that represents speakers’
knowledge of the structure of phrases and
sentences.
Micro Linguistics
▪ SYNTAX
Micro Linguistics
▪ SYNTAX
Micro Linguistics
▪ SEMANTICS
▪ The study of the linguistic meaning
of morphemes, words, phrases, and
sentences.

▪ My mother was born yesterday.

▪ The child is the father of the man.

l(a leaf falls)oneliness

Micro Linguistics
▪ PRAGMATICS
▪ The study of how context and situation
affect meaning.
 Macro Linguistics
Study of brain function, child
language acquisition, and brain- Varied language usage and its
related language disorders societal linguistic variations Language styles in literature

Psycholinguistics Sociolinguistics Stylistics

Applied Computational
Discourse Analysis
Linguistics Linguistics
Learning and teaching diverse Analyzing communication Advancing computer AI
languages patterns and structures sophistication
Question to ponder

How does the interplay between micro

and macro linguistics contribute to a
comprehensive understanding of
language as a complex system,
spanning from intricate linguistic
elements to larger sociocultural
dynamics?
Academic Exchange