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HYDRO 1 - Module 1.4 Hydrostatic Principles (Sample Problems)

This document contains a series of sample problems related to fundamentals of hydraulics. It introduces four sample problems about calculating pressure at different depths and positions in setups involving water, mercury, and oil. It also provides a manometer problem asking students to calculate the difference in elevation of a mercury column. Finally, it presents an enhancement activity that assigns students to solve one of the three problems based on their last name initial and involves pressure calculations in pipes and a conduit.

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Philip Sabadi
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770 views

HYDRO 1 - Module 1.4 Hydrostatic Principles (Sample Problems)

This document contains a series of sample problems related to fundamentals of hydraulics. It introduces four sample problems about calculating pressure at different depths and positions in setups involving water, mercury, and oil. It also provides a manometer problem asking students to calculate the difference in elevation of a mercury column. Finally, it presents an enhancement activity that assigns students to solve one of the three problems based on their last name initial and involves pressure calculations in pipes and a conduit.

Uploaded by

Philip Sabadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSITY OF THE CORDILLERAS

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE


Civil Engineering Department

Hydro 1 – Hydraulics
MODULE 1.0. Introduction to Hydraulics

More Sample Problems (Fundamentals of Hydrostatics)


1. What is the pressure below the ocean at a depth of 20 m if the specific gravity of salt water is
1.025?
Given:
d = depth = 20 m
sgsw = 1.025
Req’d.:
pg = gage pressure at 20 m below the surface of salt water.
Solution:
pg = γsw h = sg sw γw h = (1.025)(9.81)(20)
𝐩𝐠 = 𝟐𝟎𝟏. 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝐤𝐏𝐚

2. Determine the pressure at A in psi gage due to the deflection of the mercury, s.g. = 13.57, in the U-
tube gage shown in the figure below.

Solution:
pA + γw hA−B − γHg hC−D = pD
where: γHg = sgHgγw
pA + γw hA−B − sg Hg γw hC−D = pD
pA + (62.4)(12.00 − 10.00) − (13.57)(62.4)(12.65 − 10.00) = 0
𝐥𝐛𝐬
𝐩𝐀 = 𝟐𝟏𝟏𝟗. 𝟏𝟒 𝟐
𝐟𝐭

Question: What is the pA in psi?

3. A differential gage is attached to two cross sections A and B in a horizontal pipe in which water is
flowing. The deflection of the mercury in the gage is 1.92 ft, the level nearer A being the lower
one. Calculate the difference in pressure in psi between sections A and B. Use sgHg = 13.57.
Solution:
pA − γw hA−C − γHg hD−E + γw hE−B = pB
where: γHg = sgHgγw
pA − γw hA−C − sg Hg γw hD−E + γw hE−B = pB
pA − (62.4)(z) − (13.57)(62.4)(1.92) + (62.4)(1.92 + z) = pB
pA − pB = 62.4z + (13.57)(62.4)(1.92) − (62.4)(1.92) − 62.4z
𝐥𝐛𝐬
𝐩𝐀 − 𝐩𝐁 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟓. 𝟗𝟗 ≈ 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟔 𝐩𝐬𝐟
𝐟𝐭 𝟐

Question: What is the pA – pB in psi?

4. A manometer is attached to a tank containing three different fluid as shown in the figure. Find the
difference in elevation of the mercury column in the manometer.

Solution:
pressure at A(pA ) = pressure at B(pB )
pair + γoil h5−2 + γH2O h2−−1 = γHg y
30 + (0.82)(9.81)(5 − 2) + (9.81)(2 + 1) = (13.6)(9.81)y
𝐲 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟔 𝐦
Enhancement Activity
Note: There are 26 letters in the alphabet. Divided by 3 is __. Student whose family name starts with
letters A – I, solve problem no. 1; J – R, problem no. 2; and S – Z, problem no. 3.
1. What is the pressure at the center of pipe B?

2. Find the pressure at the center of pipe A. T = 10°C.

3. A vertical conduit is carrying oil (S = 0.95). A differential mercury manometer is tapped into the
conduit at points A and B. Determine the difference in pressure between A and B when h = 3 in.
What is the difference in piezometric head between A and B? Ans. pA – pB = 108 psf, hA – hB =
3.32 ft.

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