NATIONAL BOARD FOR TECHNICAL

EDUCATION (NBTE)

COURSE MATERIAL

FOR
Course Code & Title: COM 112 INTRODUCTION TO
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

Programme: NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER

SCIENCE

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 COPYRIGHT PAGE

© 2021 National Board for Technical Education. Kaduna, Nigeria

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the
Executive Secretary National Board for Technical Education, Kaduna, Nigeria.

First published 2021 in Nigeria.

ISBN: XXXXXXXXXX

Published and printed in Nigeria by:

Gamji Press & Publishers Ltd,
Kaduna, Nigeria.

Tel: +234 XXXXXXXXXXXXX

E-mail: XXXXXXXXXXXXXX

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 COURSE WRITERS/DEVELOPMENT TEAM
Subject Matter Expert Ummukulthum Isah Sulaiman
Najib Mohammed
Subject Matter Reviewer Mohammed Auwal Ahmed
Language Reviewer Adamu Hassan
Instructional Designers Dr Fatima S. Kabir
Graphics Designers Jabir Jibril Abdulkadir
Ibrahim Umar Shuaibu
Abubakar Balarabe
Editor Prof Hassan Zoaka
Dr. Ajoge Naseer Sanni

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

COPYRIGHT PAGE .....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

COURSE WRITERS/DEVELOPMENT TEAM .......................................................................... iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
COURSE STUDY GUIDE ............................................................................................................ vi
i. Course information ............................................................................................................. vi
ii. Course introduction and description ................................................................................... vi
iii. Course prerequisites ....................................................................................................... vii
iv. Course outcome .............................................................................................................. vii
v. Activities to meet course objectives ................................................................................ vii
vi. Time (to complete the syllabus) .................................................................................... viii
vii. Grading criteria and scale .............................................................................................. viii
viii. Grading scale: ................................................................................................................ viii
ix. Feedback: ........................................................................................................................ ix
COURSE STRUCTURE AND OUTLINE .................................................................................... 1
COURSE STUDY MODULES
STUDY MODULE 1 4Number Systems, Codes and Code Conversion .................................. 4
Study session 1 4Number Systems and Number System Conversion ........................................ 4
Study session 2 Codes and Codes Conversion ......................................................................... 13
Study session 3 Seven Segment Display .................................................................................. 18

STUDY MODULE 2 Fundamentals of Logic Function, Boolean algebra and Karnaugh map
....................................................................................................................................................... 23
Study session 1 Logic Gate, mode of operation and their Truth Tables .................................. 23
Study Session 2 Function and Boolean Algebra ...................................................................... 30
Study session 3 Boolean Analysis of Logic Circuits. .............................................................. 38
Study session 4 Karnaugh Maps .............................................................................................. 50

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STUDY MODULE 3 Implementation of Addition Operation in the Computer ................. 57
Study session 1 Half Adder, Full Adder, Serial Adder and Parallel Adder ............................. 57

STUDY MODULE 4 Small Scale Integrated Circuits............................................................ 67

Study session 1 Terminologies Used to Characterize Integrated Circuits and their pin arrangement
................................................................................................................................................... 67
Study Session 2 Logic Families, Flip Flops and Digital Pulse Shaping. ................................. 76

STUDY MODULE 5 Counters and Registers ......................................................................... 99

Study session 1 Counters ......................................................................................................... 99
Study session 2 Registers ...................................................................................................... 109

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 COURSE STUDY GUIDE

i. Course information
Course Code: COM 112
Course Title: Introduction to Digital Electronics
Credit Units: 2 Credit Units
Year of Study: One
Semester: First

ii. Course introduction and description

Introduction to Digital Electronics class introduces you to the meaning, definition principles and use of
digital electronics concepts as well as its applications to computer system process. In this course you
will learn about the basic building blocks of every computing machine out there in today’s world i.e.
Gates (AND, OR, NOR, NAND, XOR etc.), though these are very basics of Digital Electronics, which
will be covered in first few chapters of your courseware.

You will learn about the Number systems, especially binary system, the only system which computers or
any computing device understand. As you proceed further in your Digital Electronics course you will
learn about Boolean algebra and Boolean functions, later on in your course you will learn about
the beauty of Karnaugh map (the way to simplify any complex Boolean function) which is nothing but
how the size of any complex switching circuit can be reduced to smaller switching circuit without any
effect on the output. You will also learn about decoders, encoders, multiplexers, de-multiplexers,
counters etc.

In computer science it is very essential to have a basic idea about the Digital Electronics. Once you have
a good command over the concepts of Digital Electronics, those concepts will help you to learn more
advance topic like Computer Architecture, Operating Systems.

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iii. Course prerequisites
This course has no prerequisites; it is a first-year course.
Course learning resources
• Digital Fundamentals, Thomas L.Floyd(2008),10th Edition, Prentice Hall
• Optional readings and other resources:
• https://www.mepits.com/tutorial/29/Digital-Electronics/Logic-
Families---TTL,-CMOS,-ECL
• http://www.electronics-tutorial.net/digital-logic-families/
• http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/digital/
• http://am.renesas.com/edge_ol/engineer/05/index.jsp

iv. Course outcome

On completion of this course, the students should be able to
1. Describe number system, codes and code conversion
2. Explain the fundamentals of Boolean algebra
3. Describe the logic gates
4. Perform addition operations in the computer
5. Identify small-scale Integrated Circuit.
6. Illustrate the concept and methodology of sequential circuit design
7. Describe counters and
8. Discuss data transfer methods in registers

v. Activities to meet course objectives

The Course Material is written in a simple, clear and concise manner that will assist and enable you to
understand this course very well. Digital Electronics is an area where many people want to study
because it is multidisciplinary in nature and it cut across so many disciplines in engineering and
Computer Science.

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Relevant sites and standard references have been provided for you. There will be individual assignments
and group assignments. All assignments are due at the times slated. No late assignment will be
entertained or accepted from you and hence, be very serious with your study. Completion and timely
submission of assignments will also serve as part of your assessment. You are expected to read this
course material thoroughly and understand very well. Thank you and God bless.

vi. Time (to complete the syllabus)

Duration of tutoring is 12 Weeks and you shall be expected to put in a minimum of 2-hour study time
weekly.

vii. Grading criteria and scale

Grades will be based on the following:
Individual Assignments/Test (CA 1, 2 etc.) 20%
Group Assignments (GCA 1, 2 etc.) 10%
Discussions/Quizzes/Out of class engagements etc. 10%
Semester Examination 60%
Total 100%

viii. Grading scale:

The unified grading system to be applied in scoring all course work, examinations, project, etc. is as
stated on table below:

Marked Range Letter Grade Weight

Above 75 A 4.0
70 – 74 AB 3.5
65 – 69 B 3.25
60 – 64 BC 3.0
55 – 59 C 2.75
50 – 54 CD 2.5

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45 – 49 D 2.25
40 – 44 E 2.0
Below 40 F 0.00

ix. Feedback:
The feedback measures the performances of the course material, tutor and students with respect to
certain performance indicators.
Courseware based:
1. Self-assessment questions
Tutor based:
1. Discussion Forum tutor input
2. Graded Continuous assessments
Student based:
1. Online Program Assessment (Administration, Learning Resource,
Deployment, and Assessment).

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