Myers Paper
Myers Paper
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PROCEF2EDINGS OF THE
AMER ICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY
Volume 72, Number 2, November 1978
ROBERT MYERS1
Presented to the Society, June 20, 1975; received by the editors February 15, 1977 and, in
revised form, February 27, 1978.
AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 57A10; Secondary 55A25, 55A10, 57D30.
Key words andphrases. Open book decomposition, 3-manifold, fibered knot, branched covering
space, braid, foliation.
'This research was partially supported by NSF Grant MCS 76-07291.
397
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398 ROBERT MYERS
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OPEN BOOK DECOMPOSITIONS OF 3-MANIFOLDS 399
FIGURE 1
and /3' = Tm, 13Tm. Let A' and aj' be defined for /3' as A
for /3. A projection of /3' is shown in Figure 2. Evidently there is a
homeomorphism g of S 3, isotopic to the identity and fixing so, such that
g(/3) = and g*(an- 1) = am_, g(an) = am, where
g*: -1 (S , so ) 3 - (, , so)
is induced by gI(S3- /'). Let p' = p o g*. Then p'(an1) # p'(an). So
replace /3 by the equivalent knot /3' and drop the primes.
FIGURE 2
Now if p([A]) 1, then it must have order three, since n is even, and we
are done. So assume p([A]) = 1. We construct a braid /3' E Bn+2 such that /3'
is equivalent to /3 and has braid axis A' with p'([A']) - 1, where p' is the
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400 ROBERT MYERS
corresponding representat
/3 = yn an- "nina n an an- I
A projection of /3' is shown in Figure 3.
FJGURE 3
There is homeomnor S ophism. g from '3t tself, isotopic to the identity and
fixing so, such that g(B') = f3', g*(aj') =a, for I <, j <S n -2, g*(an+ 1) =an,
and gl, (b) =l a, where
_ _ _ _ _ _ 1 ( - S ) >1 (S
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OPEN BOOK DECOMPOSITIONS OF 3-MANIFOLDS 401
4. Applications.
PROOF. Surface bundles over S1 whose fibers are not spheres are irredu-
cible.
REMARKS. Note that the method used to prove Corollary 1 is closely related
to the method used by D. Goldsmith [6] to construct fibered links in S3.
Corollary 2 shows that Theorem 1 yields an alternative proof of Bing's
theorem [2] that a closed 3-manifold is S3 if and only if each simple closed
curve in M is contained in a 3-cell.
REFERENCES
1. J. W. Alexander, A lemma on systems of knotted curves, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 9
(1923), 93-95.
2. R. H. Bing, Necessary and sufficient conditions that a 3-manifold be S3, Ann. of Math. 68
(1958), 17-37.
3. J. S. Birman, Braids, links, and mapping class groups, Ann. of Math. Studies, No. 82,
Princeton, N.J., 1974.
4. R. H. Crowell and R. H. Fox, Introduction to knot theory, Ginn, Boston, Mass., 1963.
5. R. H. Fox, Covering spaces with singularities, Algebraic Geometry and Topology, Princeton
Univ. Press, Princeton, N.J., 1957, pp. 243-257.
6. D. L. Goldsmith, Symmetric fibered links, Knots, Groups, and 3-Manifolds, Ann. of Math.
Studies, No. 84, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, N.J., 1975, pp. 3-23.
7. F. Gonzalez-Acuiia, 3-dimensional open books, Lectures, Univ. of Iowa Topology Seminar,
1974/75.
8. H. M. Hilden, Every closed orientable 3-manifold is a 3-fold branched covering space of S3,
Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 80 (1974), 1243-1244.
9. _ _, Three-fold branched coverings of S 3, Amer. J. Math. 98 (1976), 989-998.
10. H. B. Lawson, Foliations, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 80 (1974), 369-418.
11. J. M. Montesinos, A representation of closed orientable 3-manifolds as 3-fold branched
coverings of S3, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 80 (1974), 845-846.
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402 ROBERT MYERS
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