Advances in Wireless and Mobile Communications.

ISSN 0973-6972 Volume 10, Number 5 (2017), pp. 1107-1116

© Research India Publications
http://www.ripublication.com

Water Quality Monitoring System Based on IOT

Vaishnavi V. Daigavane and Dr. M.A Gaikwad

Department Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Mtech(VLSI),

Bapurao Deshmukh College of Engineering,
Sevagram, wardha_442102(M.S.), India.

Abstract

Water pollution is one of the biggest fears for the green globalization. In order
to ensure the safe supply of the drinking water the quality needs to be monitor
in real time. In this paper we present a design and development of a low cost
system for real time monitoring of the water quality in IOT(internet of
things).The system consist of several sensors is used to measuring physical
and chemical parameters of the water. The parameters such as temperature,
PH, turbidity, flow sensor of the water can be measured. The measured values
from the sensors can be processed by the core controller. The Arduino model
can be used as a core controller. Finally, the sensor data can be viewed on
internet using WI-FI system.

Keyword: pH sensor, Turbidity sensor, Temperature sensor, Flow sensor,

Ardurino model, WI-FI module.

I. INTRODUCTION:
In the 21st century, there were lots of inventions, but at the same time were pollutions,
global warming and so on are being formed, because of this there is no safe drinking
water for the world’s pollution. Nowadays, water quality monitoring in real time faces
challenges because of global warming limited water resources, growing population, etc.
Hence there is need of developing better methodologies to monitor the water quality
parameters in real time[1]. The water quality parameters pH measures the concentration
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of hydrogen ions. It shows the water is acidic or alkaline. Pure water has 7pH value, less
than 7pH has acidic, more than 7pH has alkaline. The range of pH is 0-14 pH. For
drinking purpose it should be 6.5-8.5pH. Turbidity measures the large number of
suspended particles in water that is invisible. Higher the turbidity higher the risk of
diarrheoa, collera. Lower the turbidity then the water is clean. Temperature sensor
measures how the water is, hot or cold. Flow sensor measures the flow of water through
flow sensor. The traditional methods of water quality monitor involves the manual
collection of water samples from different locations.
The rest of this paper is organised as follows: section II review the related work of this
project, section III describes the proposed system with the modules explanation, section
IV provides the Schematic circuit with it working, Section V shows the results and
discussion, section VI the conclusion with future scope.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

Nikhil Kedia entitled “Water Quality Monitoring for Rural Areas-A Sensor Cloud Based
Economical Project.” Published in 2015 1st International Conference on Next Generation
Computing Technologies (NGCT-2015) Dehradun, India. This paper highlights theentire
water quality monitoring methods, sensors, embedded design, and information dissipation
procedure, role of government, network operator and villagers in ensuring proper
information dissipation. It also explores the Sensor Cloud domain. While automatically
improving the water quality is not feasible at this point, efficient use of technology and
economic practices can help improve water quality and awareness among people.[1]

Jayti Bhatt,Jignesh Patoliya entitled “Real Time Water Quality Monitoring System”.This
paper describes to ensure the safe supply of drinking water the quality should be
monitored in real time for that purpose new approach IOT (Internet of Things) based
water quality monitoring has been proposed. In this paper, we present the design of IOT
based water quality monitoring system that monitor the quality of water in real time. This
system consists some sensors which measure the water quality parameter such as pH,
turbidity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature. The measured values from the
sensors are processed by microcontroller and this processed values are transmitted
remotely to the core controller that is raspberry pi using Zigbee protocol. Finally, sensors
data can view on internet browser application using cloud computing.[2]

Michal Lom, Ondrej Pribyl, Miroslav Svitek entitled “Industry 4.0 as a Part of Smart
Cities”. This paper describes the conjunction of the Smart City Initiative and the concept
of Industry 4.0. The term smart city has been a phenomenon of the last years, which is
very inflected especially since 2008 when the world was hit by the financial crisis. The
main reasons for the emergence of the Smart City Initiative are to create a sustainable
model for cities and preserve quality of life of their citizens. The topic of the smart city
Water Quality Monitoring System Based on 110

cannot be seen only as a technical discipline, but different economic, humanitarian or

legal aspects must be involved as well. In the concept of Industry 4.0, the Internet of
Things (IoT) shall be used for the development of so–called smart products. Sub-
components of the product are equipped with their own intelligence. Added intelligence is
used both during the manufacturing of a product as well as during subsequent handling,
up to continuous monitoring of the product lifecycle (smart processes). Other important
aspects of the Industry 4.0 are Internet of Services (IoS), which includes especially
intelligent transport and logistics (smart mobility, smart logistics), as well as Internet of
Energy (IoE), which determines how the natural resources are used in proper way
(electricity, water, oil, etc.). IoT, IoS, IoP and IoE can be considered as an element that
can create a connection of the Smart City Initiative and Industry 4.0 – Industry 4.0 can be
seen as a part of smart cities.[3]

Zhanwei Sun,Chi Harold Li,Chatschik Bisdikian,Joel W.Branch and Bo Yang entitled

“QOI-Aware Energy Management in Internet-of-Things Sensory Environments”. In this
paper an efficient energy management frame work to provide satisfactory QOI experience
in IOT sensory environments is studied. Contrary to past efforts, it is transparent and
compatible to lower protocols in use, and preserving energy-efficiency in the long run
without sacrificing any attained QOI levels. Specifically, the new concept of QOI-aware
“sensor-to-task relevancy” to explicitly consider the sensing capabilities offered by an
sensor to the IOT sensory environments, and QOI requirements required by a task. A
novel concept of the “critical covering set” of any given task in selecting the sensors to
service a task over time. Energy management decision is made dynamically at runtime, as
the optimum for long-term traffic statistics under the constraint of the service delay.
Finally, an extensive case study based on utilizing the sensor networks to perform water
level monitoring is given to demonstrate the ideas and algorithms proposed in this paper,
and a simulation is made to show the performance of the proposed algorithms.[4]

Sokratis Kartakis, Weiren Yu, Reza Akhavan, and Julie A. McCann entitled “Adaptive
Edge Analytics for Distributed Networked Control of Water Systems” This paper presents
the burst detection and localization scheme that combines lightweight compression and
anomaly detection with graph topology analytics for water distribution networks. We
show that our approach not only significantly reduces the amount of communications
between sensor devices and the back end servers, but also can effectively localize water
burst events by using the difference in the arrival times of the vibration variations
detected at sensor locations. Our results can save up to 90% communications compared
with traditional periodical reporting situations.[5]
 111 Vaishnavi V. Daigavane and Dr. M.A

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM:

Fig: Block diagram of our project

In this, we present the theory on real time monitoring of water quality in IoT
environment. The overall block diagram of the proposed method is explained. Each
and every block of the system is explained in detail.
In this proposed block diagram consist of several sensors (temperature, pH, turbidity,
flow) is connected to core controller. The core controller are accessing the sensor
values and processing them to transfer the data through internet. Ardunio is used as a
core controller. The sensor data can be viewed on the internet wi-fi system.
pH sensor: The pH of a solution is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of that
solution. The pH scale is a logarithmic scale whose range is from 0-14 with a neutral
point being 7. Values above 7 indicate a basic or alkaline solution and values below 7
would indicate an acidic solution. It operates on 5V power supply and it is easy to
interface with arduino.The normal range of pH is 6 to 8.5.

Fig: pH sensor
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a) Turbidity sensor: Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of water. Turbidity

has indicated the degree at which the water loses its transparency. It is considered
as a good measure of the quality of water. Turbidity blocks out the light needed by
submerged aquatic vegetation. It also can raise surface water temperatures above
normal because suspended particles near the surface facilitate the absorption of
heat from sunlight.

Fig: Turbidity sensor

b) Temperature sensor: Water Temperature indicates how water is hot or cold. The
range of DS18B20 temperature sensor is -55 to +125 °C. This temperature sensor
is digital type which gives accurate reading.

Fig: Temperature sensor

c) Flow sensor: Flow sensor is used to measure the flow of water through the flow
sensor. This sensor basically consists of a plastic valve body, a rotor and a Hall
Effect sensor. The pinwheel rotor rotates when water / liquid flows through the
valve and its speed will be directly proportional to the flow rate. The Hall Effect
 111 Vaishnavi V. Daigavane and Dr. M.A

sensor will provide an electrical pulse with every revolution of the pinwheel rotor.

Fig: Flow sensor

d) Arduino Uno: Arduino is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has

14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog
inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and
a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller. Arduino
Software (IDE) were the reference versions of Arduino, now evolved to newer
releases. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the
reference model for the Arduino platform; for an extensive list of current, past or
outdated boards see the Arduino index of boards.

Fig: Arduino uno

Water Quality Monitoring System Based on 111

e) Wifi module:
The ESP8266 WiFi Module is a self contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP protocol
stack that can give any microcontroller access to your WiFi network. The ESP8266 is
capable of either hosting an application or offloading all Wi-Fi networking functions
from another application processor. Each ESP8266 module comes pre-programmed
with an AT command set firmware. The ESP8266 module is an extremely cost
effective board with a huge, and ever growing, community.

Fig: WiFi module

IV. SCHEMATIC CIRCUIT WITH ITS WORKING

Fig: schematic circuit

111 Vaishnavi V. Daigavane and Dr. M.A

The whole design of the system is based mainly on IOT which is newly introduced
concept in the world of development. There is basically two parts included, the first
one is hardware & second one is software. The hardware part has sensors which help
to measure the real time values, another one is arduino atmega328 converts the analog
values to digital one, & LCD shows the displays output from sensors, Wi-Fi module
gives the connection between hardware and software. In software we developed a
program based on embedded c language.
The PCB is design at first level of construction and component and sensors mounted
on it. BLYNK app is installed in the android version to see the output. When the
system get started dc current given to the kit and arduino and WIFI gets on. The
parameters of water is tested one but one and their result is given to the LCD display.
The app went provided with hotspot gives the exact value as on LCD display shows
on kit. Thus like this when the kit is located on any specific water body and WIFI is
provided we can observe its real time value on our android phone anywhere at any
time.

V. RESULT & DISCUSSION

We have identified a suitable implementation model that consists of different sensor
devices and other modules, their functionalities are shown in figure. In this
implementation model we used ATMEGA 328 with Wi-Fi module. Inbuilt ADC and
Wi-Fi module connects the embedded device to internet. Sensors are connected to
Arduino UNO board for monitoring, ADC will convert the corresponding sensor
reading to its digital value and from that value the corresponding environmental
parameter will be evaluated.
After sensing the data from different sensor devices, which are placed in particular
area of interest. The sensed data will be automatically sent to the web server, when a
proper connection is established with sever device.
 Water Quality Monitoring System Based on 111

IV. SYSTEM DESIGN OF MODEL

Fig: System design model of water quality monitoring system using IOT

V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

Conclusion: Monitoring of Turbidity, PH & Temperature of Water makes use of
water detection sensor with unique advantage and existing GSM network. The system
can monitor water quality automatically, and it is low in cost and does not require
people on duty. So the water quality testing is likely to be more economical,
convenient and fast. The system has good flexibility. Only by replacing the
corresponding sensors and changing the relevant software programs, this system can
be used to monitor other water quality parameters. The operation is simple. The
system can be expanded to monitor hydrologic, air pollution, industrial and
agricultural production and so on. It has widespread application and extension value.
By keeping the embedded devices in the environment for monitoring enables self
protection (i.e., smart environment) to the environment. To implement this need to
deploy the sensor devices in the environment for collecting the data and analysis. By
deploying sensor devices in the environment, we can bring the environment into real
life i.e. it can interact with other objects through the network. Then the collected data
and analysis results will be available to the end user through the Wi-Fi.
111 Vaishnavi V. Daigavane and Dr. M.A

Future Scope:
 In future we use IOT concept in this project
 Detecting the more parameters for most secure purpose
 Increase the parameters by addition of multiple sensors
 By interfacing relay we controls the supply of water

REFERENCES
[1] Nikhil Kedia, Water Quality Monitoring for Rural Areas- A Sensor Cloud
Based Economical Project, in 1st International Conference on Next
Generation Computing Technologies (NGCT-2015) Dehradun, India, 4-5
September 2015. 978-1-4673-6809-4/15/$31.00 ©2015 IEEE
[2] Jayti Bhatt, Jignesh Patoliya, Iot Based Water Quality Monitoring System,
IRFIC, 21feb,2016.
[3] Michal lom, ondrej priby & miroslav svitek, Internet 4.0 as a part of smart
cities, 978-1-5090-1116-2/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE
[4] Zhanwei Sun, Chi Harold Liu, Chatschik Bisdikia_, Joel W. Branch and Bo
Yang, 2012 9th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor,
Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks
[5] (SECON), 978-1-4673-1905-8/12/$31.00 ©2012 IEEE
[6] Sokratis Kartakis, Weiren Yu, Reza Akhavan, and Julie A. McCann, 2016
IEEE First International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and
Implementation, 978-1-4673-9948-7/16 © 2016IEEE
[7] Mithaila Barabde, shruti Danve, Real Time Water Quality Monitoring System,
IJIRCCE, vol 3, June 2015.
[8] Akanksha Purohit, Ulhaskumar Gokhale, Real Time Water Quality
Measurement System based on GSM , IOSR (IOSR-JECE) Volume 9, Issue 3,
Ver. V (May - Jun. 2014)
[9] Eoin O’Connell, Michael Healy, Sinead O’Keeffe, Thomas Newe, and Elfed
Lewis, IEEE sensors journal, vol. 13, no. 7, July 2013, 1530-437x/$31.00 ©
2013 IEEE
[10] Nidal Nasser, Asmaa Ali, Lutful Karim, Samir Belhaouari, 978-1-4799-
0792-2/13/$31.00 ©2013 IEEE
[11] Niel Andre cloete, Reza Malekian and Lakshmi Nair, Design of Smart Sensors
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