MOCK TEST (CSIR NET) (Mathematical Sciences)

PART – A
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQS)
n
1. Let an be sequence where an = 2–n + (–1) then

1 1 a n 1
(a) lim a n  (b) lim (a n )1/n  (c) lim exist (d) lim (a n )1/ n  1
n 2 n  2 n  an n

Ans. (b)
2. The series a + b + a2 + b2 + a3 + b3 + ... +  is convergent if
(a) |a| > 1, |b| > 1 (b) |a| > 1, |b| < 1 (c) |a| < 1, |b| < 1 (d) None of these
Ans. (c)
3. If a 2n and b 2n are convergent series. Then
(a) an and bn are convergent
(b) an and bn are divergent
(c) an is convergent but bn is not convergent
(d) anbn is convergent
Ans. (d)
4. Let f : R  R be function such that f(x + y) = f(x) f(y) for all x, y  R and f(x) = 1 + x g(x) where
lim g(x)  1. Then the function f(x) is
x 0

(a) ex (b) 2x
(c)  non-constant polynomial (d) Equal to 1 for all x  R
Ans. (a)
5. Let f : (a, b)  R be monotonic function then
(a) f is continuous (b) f is continuous at most two point
(c) f is discontinuous at finitely many points (d) f is discontinuous at most countable points
Ans. (d)

sec2 x
 f (t)dt
2
6. lim equals
x

22
4 x 
16

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 8 8 2 1
(a) f (2) (b) f (2) (c) f  (d) 4 f(2)
    2
Ans. (a)
7. In [0, 1] Lagarange mean value theorem is not applicable

 1 1
 2  x; x  2  sin x
 ; x
(a) f(x) =  (b) f(x) =  x
 1  x  ; x  1  1; x0
 2  2

(c) f(x) = x|x| (d) f(x) = |x|

Ans. (a)
8. Let f(x) = ex(x – 1) (x – 2)dx. Then f decreases in the interval
(a) (–, –2) (b) (–2, –1) (c) (1, 2) (d) (2, )
Ans. (c)
9. Let p(x) = a0 + a1x2 + a2x4 + ... + anx2n be polynomial in a real variable x with 0 < a0 < a1 < a2 ______
< an. The function P(x) has
(a) Neither maximum nor minimum (b) Only one maximum
(c) Only one minimum (d) Only one maximum and only one minimum
Ans. (c)
10. Consider the power series

n
f(x) =  (log )x n .
n2

Then the radius of convergence is

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
Ans. (a)

 xy
 2 2 5/ 2
[1  cos (x 2  y 2 )] ; (x, y)   
11. Let f(x, y) =  (x  y ) .
k ; (x, y)  (0, 0)

The value of k for which f(x, y) is continuous at (0, 0)
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
Ans. (a)
12. Let f : R2  R2 be function defined by f(x) = x||x||2 for x  R2. Then

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 (a) f is invertible (b) f is not one-one
(c) f is not invertible but one-one (d) None of these
Ans. (c)
10 
13. The value of integral  |sin x|dx is
0

(a) 20 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 18

Ans. (a)
14. Which of the following is non-cyclic group?
(a) (pz, +); where p is prime (b) (m z, +); where m is integer
*
(c) (R , •) where R* = R – {0} (d) None of the above
Ans. (c)
15. The number of inner automorphism of symmetric group S3 is
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 6
Ans. (d)
16. Let A be 3 × 3 matrix with trace (A) = 3 and det (A) = 2 if 1 is eigen value of A, then eigen value
of the matrix A2 – 2I are
(a) 1, 2(i – 1), –2(i + 1) (b) –1, 2(i – 1), 2(i + 1)
(c) 1, 2(i + 1), –2(i + 1) (d) –1, 2(i – 1), –2(i + 1)
Ans. (d)
17. Let T : R3  R3 be linear transformation and I be the identity transformation of R3 if there is a
scalar c and non-zero vector x  R3 such that T(x) = cx then rank of (T – cI) is
(a) cannot be 0 (b) cannot be 1 (c) cannot be 2 (d) cannot be 3
Ans. (d)
18. From the solution of the differential equation
dy 1
= , y(0)  0
dx 1  x 2

1 1 1 1
what can you regarding the following series 1     ...
3 5 7 9
(a) The series is divergent (b) The series is absolutely convergent

(c) The series converges to (d) The series converges to 0
4
Ans. (c)
19. The area included between the curves x2 + y2 = a2 and b2x2 + a2y2 = a2b2(a > 0, b > 0) is

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 a
(a) |a  b| (b) |a2 – 3ab + b2| (c) a|a – b| (d) |a2 – b2|
2
Ans. (c)

n
20. The radius of convergence of power series  (4n  n 3  3)x n is
n0

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 5 (d) 

Ans. (b)
d2y
21. The solution of the differential equation  y  0 subject to the boundary condition y(0) = 1
dt 2
and y() = 0 is
(a) cos t + sin t (b) cos h t + sin h t (c) cos t – sin t (d) cos h t – sin h t
Ans. (d)
22. For real values of x, the minimum value of the function f(x) = exp(x) + exp(–x) is
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0.5 (d) 0
Ans. (a)

23. Consider a closed surface S enclosing volume v. If r is position vector of point side S, with n̂ the

unit normal on S, the value of the integral  5r  nˆ ds is
S

(a) 3V (b) 5V (c) 10V (d) 15V

Ans. (d)

1p  2p  3p  ...  n p
24. lim is equal to
n np  1

1 1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c)  (d)
p 1 1 p p p 1 p2
Ans. (a)

 1 2 n 
25. lim  2
 2
 ...   is equal to
n
1  n 1 n 1  n2 

1 1
(a) 0 (b) (c)  (d) None of these
2 2
Ans. (b)
26. Let f : R  R be defined as

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  tan t 
 ; t   1 x3
f(t) =  t  then value of xlim  f (t)dt is
  x2 x2
 1; t  1 

(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) Does not exist

Ans. (a)
27. Let f : R  R be function defined as

 tan x 3 
 ; x  0
f(x) =  x 2 .
 0; x  0 

Then
(a) f is continuous and differentiable at x = 0
(b) f is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
(c) f is neither continuous nor differentiable at x = 0
(d) f is not continuous at x = 0
Ans. (a)
28. Let A is real square matrix of odd order such that A + A = 0 then A is
(a) non-singular (b) invertible (c) singular (d) None of these
Ans. (c)

  
 cos 4 sin 4 
29. The least positive integar n, such that   is the identify matrix of order 2 is
  sin  cos  
 4 4 

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 (a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 12 (d) 16
Ans. (b)
30. Let G be a group with identity e such that for some a  G, a2  e and a6 = e then which of the
following is true?
(a) a3 = e, a4  e (b) a4  e, a5  e (c) a4  e, a5 = e (d) a3 = e, a4  e
Ans. (b)
PART – B
MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTIONS (MSQS)
31. Let A and B be n × n real matrices such that AB = BA = 0 and A + B is invertible which of the
following are always TRUE?
(a) Rank A = Rank B (b) Rank A + Rank B = n
(c) Nullity A + Nullity B = n (d) A – B is invertible
Ans. (a), (b), (c), (d)
32. Which of the following power series have radius of convergence 1?
 
(a)  (n 2  2n  1)x n
n0
(b)  (n
n0
3
 4n 2  1)x n

 
4
(c)  (2n  n 3  n 2  1)x n (d)  (n  1)x n

n0 n0

Ans. (a), (b), (c), (d)

33. Let H = {e, (12) (34)} and K = {e, (12) (34), (13), (24), (14) (23)} be subgroups of S4 where e
denotes the identify element of S4 then
(a) H and K are normal subgroup of S4 (b) H is normal in K and K is normal in A4
(c) H is normal in A4 but not normal in S4 (d) K is normal is S4 but H is not
Ans. (b), (d)
34. Suppose {an}, {bn} are convergent sequences of real number such that an > 0 and bn > 0 for all n,
an
suppose lim a n  a and lim b n  b Let c n  Then
n  n bn
(a) {cn} converges, if b > 0 (b) {cn} converges only if a = 0
(c) {cn} converges only if b > 0 (d) lim sub cn   if b  0
n

Ans. (a), (d)

35. Let f : R  R be continuous function. Which of the following is always TRUE?
(a) f–1(U) is open for all open set U  R
(b) f–1(C) is closed for all closed set C  R
(c) f–1(K) is compact for all compact set K  R

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 (d) f–1(G) is connected for all connected set G  R
Ans. (a), (b), (c), (d)
36. Let f : R2  R and g : R2  R be defined by f(x, y) = |x| + |y| and g(x, y) = |xy|, then
(a) f is differentiable at (0, 0) and g is not differentiable at (0, 0)
(b) g is differentiable at (0, 0) but f is not differentiable at (0, 0)
(c) Both f and g are differentiable at (0, 0)
(d) Both f and g are continuous at (0, 0)
Ans. (b), (d)
37. Which of the following is/are correct?
(a) R/Z  circle group S (b) Q/Z  group roots of unity P
(c) Exactly one of (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b) is correct
Ans. (a), (b)
38. Which of the following is/are correct?
(a) The set of integers I has no limit point (b) The set N has no limit point
(c) Every point of the set Q is a limit point (d) Every point of the set R is a limit point
Ans. (a), (b), (c), (d)
x
39. Let f(x) =  (t  1) (t  2) (t  3) (t  4)dt where 0  x  5 then f(x) has minimum at points
0

(a) x = 2 (b) x = 4 (c) x = 1 (d) x = 3

Ans. (a)
40. Let A and B be square matrix of same order such that AB = A, BA = B then
(a) A is idempotent (b) B is idempotent
(c) Neither A nor B is idempotent (d) Both A and B are idempotent
Ans. (a), (b), (d)
dy
41. Consider the initial value problem = x2 + y2, y(0) = 1; 0  x  1. Then which of the following
dx
statements are true?
 
(a) There exists a unique solution in  0, 
 4

 
(b) Every solution is bounded in  0, 
 4
(c) The solution exhibits a singularity at some point in [0, 1]
 
(d) The solution becomes unbounded in some subinterval of  , 1
4 
Ans. (a), (b), (c), (d)
42. Consider the Eigenvalue problem ((1 + x4)y) + y = 0, x  (0, 1), y(0) = 0, y(1) + 2y(1) = 0.

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 Then which of the following statements are true?
(a) all the eigenvalues are negative
(b) all the eigenvalues are positive
(c) there exists some negative eigenvalues and some positive eigenvalues
(d) there are no eigenvalues
Ans. (b)
43. A possible initial strip (x0, y0, z0, p0, q0) for the Cauchy problem pq = 1
z z 1
where p = ,q , and x0(s) = s, y0(s) = , z0(s) = 1 for s > 1 is
x y s

1 1  1 1 
(a)  s, , 1, , s  (b)  s, , 1  ,  s 
 s s   s s 

 1 1   1 1 
(c)  s, , 1, ,  s  (d)  s, , 1,  , s 
 s s   s s 
Ans. (a), (b)

2u  2u
2
 2  tx,   x  , t  0
44. Let u(x, t) be the solution of t x .
u
u(x, 0)  (x, 0)  0,   x  
t

Then u(2, 3) is equal to

(a) 9 (b) 1 (c) 27 (d) 12
Ans. (a)
45. The values of a, A, B, C for which the quadrature formula
1
 (1  x)f (x)dx = Af(–) + Bf(0) + Cf()
1

is exact for polynomials of highest possible degree, are:

3 5 5 8 5 5
(a)  = ,A  ,B ,C 
5 9 3 3 9 9 3 3

3 5 5 8 5 5
(b)  = ,A  ,B ,C 
5 9 3 3 9 9 3 3

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 3 5 3 8 5 3
(c)  = , A  1   , B  , C  1  
5 9  5  9 9  5 

3  3 8 5 3
(d)  = , A  1   , B  , C  1  
5 9  5  9 9  5 

Ans. (a), (d)

46. Three solutions of a certain second order non-homogeneous linear differentiable equation are
2 2 2
y1(x) = 1 + xe x , y(x)  (1  x)e x  1, y3 (x)  1  e x .
Which of the following is (are) general solution(s) of the differential equation?
(a) (C1 + 1)y1 + (C2 – C1)y2 – C2y3, where C1 and C2 are arbitrary constants
(b) C1(y1 – y2) + C2(y2 – y3), where C1 and C2 are arbitrary constants
(c) C1(y1 – y2) + C2(y2 – y3) + C3(y3 – y1), where C1, C2 and C3 are arbitrary constants
(d) C1(y1 – y3) + C2(y3 – y2) + y1, where C1 and C2 are arbitrary constants
Ans. (a), (d)
47. The method of variation of parameters to solve the differential equation yn + p(x)y + q(x)y = r(x),
where x  and p(x), q(x), r(x) are non-zero continuous functions on an interval I, seeks a particular
solution of the form yp(x) = v1(x)y1(x) + v2(x)y2(x), where y1 and y2 are linearly independent
solutions of y² + p(x)y + q(x)y = 0, and v1(x) and v2(x) are functions to be determined. Which of
the following statements are necessarily true?
(a) The Wronskian of y1 and y2 is never zero in I
(b) v1, v2 and v1y1 + v2y2 are twice differentiable
(c) v1 and v2 may not be twice differentiable, but v1y1 + v2y2 is twice differentiable
(d) The solution set of y + p(x)y + q(x)y = r(x) consists of functions of the form ay1 + by2 + yp
where a, b   are arbitrary constants
Ans. (a), (c), (d)
48. Consider the eigenvalue problem
y + ly = 0 for x  (–1, 1)
y(–1) = y(1)
y(–1) = y(1).
Which of the following statements are true.
(a) All eigenvalues are strictly positive
(b) All eigenvalues are non-negative
(c) Distinct eigenfunctions are orthogonal in L2[–1, 1]
(d) The sequence of eigenvalues is bounded above
Ans. (b), (c)
49. Consider the IVP:
xux + tut = u + 1, x  , t  0
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 u(x, t) = x2, t = x2.
Then:
(a) the solution is singular at (0, 0)
(b) the given space curve (x, t, u) = (, 2, 2) is not a characteristic curve at (0, 0)
(c) there is no base-characteristic curve in the (x, t) plane passing through (0, 0)
(d) a necessary condition for the IVP to have a unique C1 solution at (0, 0) does not hold
Ans. (a), (b), (c), (d)
50. Let u(x, t) be a function that satisfies the PDE : ut + uux = 1, x  , t > 0, and the initial condition
 t2  t
u  , t   . Then the IVP has:
4  2
(a) only one solution
(b) two solutions
(c) an infinite number of solutions
(d) solutions none of which is differentiable on the characteristic base curve
Ans. (b), (d)
51. Let u(x) satisfy the boundary value problem

u  u  0 x  (0, 1)

(BVP) =  u(0)  0
 u(1)  1


Consider the finite difference approximation to (BVP)

 U j1  2U j  U j1 U j1  U j1

 2
  0, j  1, ...., N  1
 h 2h
(BVP)h U 0  0
U  1
 N


Here, Uj is an approximation to u(xj) where xj = jh, j = 0, ...., N is a partition of [0, 1] with h = 1/

N for some positive integer N. Then which of the following are true?
(a) There exists a solution to (BVP)h of the form Uj = arj + b for some a, b   with r  1 and r
satisfying (2 + h)r2 – 4r + (2 – h) = 0
(b) Uj = (rj – 1)/(rN – 1) where r satisfies (2 + h)r2 – 4r + (2 – h) = 0 and r  1
(c) u is monotomic in x
(d) Uj is monotonic is j
Ans. (a), (b), (c), (d)

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 1
2
52. Consider the functional j[y] =  [(y)  (y) 4 ] dx subject to y(0) = 0, y(1) = 0. A broken extremal
0

is a continuous extremal whose derivative has jump discontinuities at a finite number of points.
Then which of the following statements are true?
(a) There are no broken extremals and y = 0 is an extremal
(b) There is a unique broken extremal
(c) There exist more than one and finitely many broken extremals
(d) There exist infinitely many broken extremals
Ans. (c)
53. Which of the following subsets of R2 are compact?
(a) {(x, y) : |x|  1, |y|  2} (b) {(x, y) : |x|  1, |y|2  2}
(c) {(x, y) : x2 + 3y2  5} (d) {(x, y) : x2  y2 + 5}
Ans. (b), (c)
54. Which of the following is/are correct?
n 1 n
 1  1 
(a)  1    e as n   (b)  1    e as n  
 n  n  1

n2 n
 1  1 
(c)  1    e as n   (d)  1  2   e as n  
 n  n 
Ans. (a), (b)
55. Which of the following is/are true?
x  y log x  log y
(a) log  for all x, y > 0
2 2
xy
2
ex  e y
(b) e  for all x, y > 0
2

x  y sin x  sin y
(c) sin  for all x, y > 0
2 2

(x  y) k
(d)  max.(xk, yk) for all for x, y > 0 and all k  1
2k
Ans. (a), (d)
56. Let f : [a, b]  R be a measurable function. Then

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 d
(a) If  f (x)dx  0 for all a  c < d  b then f = 0 a.e.
c

c
(b) If  f (x)dx  0 for all a  c  b, then f = 0 a.e.
a

d
(c) If  f (x)dx  0 for all a  c < d  b, does not necessarily imply that f = 0 a.e.
c

c
(d) If  f (x)dx  0 for all a  c  b, does not necessarily imply that f = 0 a.e.
a

Ans. (a), (b)

57. Let  be a non-zero 3 × 3 matrix with the property 2 = 0. Which of the following is/are true?
(a)  is not similar to a diagonal matrix
(b)  is similar to a diagonal matrix
(c)  has one non-zero eigen vector
(d)  has three linearly independent eigen vectors
Ans. (a), (c)
58. Let f(x) = x3 + x2 + x + 1 and g(x) = x3 + 1. Then in [x]
(a) gcd(f(x), g(x)) = x + 1 (b) gcd(f(x), g(x)) = x2 – 1
(c) lcm(f(x), g(x)) = x5 + x3 + x2 + 1 (d) lcm(f(x), g(x)) = x5 + x4 + x3 + x2 + 1
Ans. (a), (c)
59. The solution of the boundary value problem

d2y 
= cosec x; 0<x<
dx 2 2


y(0) = 0; y   = 0 is
2
(a) convex (b) concave (c) negative (d) positive
Ans. (a), (c)

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 1 
u x  u s  f (t), t  (0, 1) 
60. Let u be a solution of the boundary value problem t .
u s (0)  a, u(1)  b 

Define for x2 + y2  1, v(x, y) = u( x 2  y 2 ) and g(x, y) = f ( x 2  y 2 ) , then v is a solution of the

v xx  v xy  g in{(x, y) : x 2  y 2  1}
PDE  if
(x, y)  0 on {(x, y) : x 2  y 2  1}
(a) a > 0 and b > 0 (b) a > 0 and b = 0 (c) a = 0 and b = 0 (d) a < 0 and b = 0
Ans. (c)
HINTS AND SOLUTIONS
SECTION – A
1. ab = 2–n + (–1)n
( 1)n
1
1/n n
 (an) = 2
 (1) n 
 lim (a n )1/ n = 2–1 
 n   n  0
lim
n
 
1
=
2
n
an 1 2 (n  1)  ( 1)
But = n
an 2  (1)n
n 1
( 1) n
= 2 n  1  ( 1)

 1 11 1
2  if n is even
= 8
21  1  1  2 if n is odd

an 1
 lim does not exist
n an
2. a + b + a2 + b2 + a3 + b3 + ... + 
= (a + a2 + a3 + ...) + (b + b2 + b3 + ...)
= an + bn (say)
Now an and bn are G.P. with common ratio a and b respectively. Then an and bn are convergent
if |a| < 1, |b| < 1.
 an + bn is convergent if |a| < 1, |b| < 1
Hence (c) is true.

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 a 2n  b 2n
3. Since a 2n and b 2n are convergent then  is also convegent A.M. of a 2n and b 2n
2
> G.M. of a 2n and b 2n .

a 2n  b 2n
 a 2n b 2n 
2

a 2n  b 2n
 anbn <
2

a 2n  b 2n
since  is convergent then by comparison test anbn is also convergent.
2
Hence option (d) is true.
4. Given that
f(x) = 1 + x g(x)
f (x)  1
 = g(x)
x

f (x)  1
 lim = lim g(x)  1 (given)
x 0 x x 

f (x)  1
 lim =1 ...(1)
x 0 x
If f(x) = ex then (1) is true

f (x)  1 ax  1
If f(x) = ax then lim  lim  log a
x 0 x x 0 x
 (1) is not true.
 option (b) is not true
if f(x) = 2x + 1 = non-constant polynomial
f (x)  1 2x
 lim = lim 2
x 0 x x 0 x

 (1) is not true.

Hence f(x) = ex
 Option (a) is true.

sec 2 x
 f (t)dt 0
2
6. lim 2  
x
  0
4 x2 
16

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 d sec2 x
dx 2 f (t)dt
= lim by L’ Hospital rule
x  / 4 d 
2 2 
 x  
dx  16 

d
0  f (sec 2 x) (sec 2 x)  0
= lim dx [by Leibnitz Rule]
x  / 4 2x

f (sec 2 x)2 sec x sec x tan x

= lim
x  / 4 2x

1 f (sec 2 x) sec 2 x tan x

= 2 lim
2 x  / 4 x

f (sec2 /4) sec 2 /  tan / 

=
/ 

4 8
= f (2)  2  f (2)
 
 Option (a) is true.

8. f(x) =  e x (x  1) (x  2)dx
 f(x) = ex (x – 1) (x – 2)
For decreasing function
f(x) < 0
x
 e (x – 1) (x – 2) < 0
 (x – 1) (x – 2) < 0
 1<x<2 [ ex > 0, x  R]
 Option (a) is true.
9. p(x) = a0 + a1x2 + a2x4 + ... + anx2n
For maxima and minima
p(x) = 0
 2a1x + 4a2x3 + ... 2n anx2n–1 = 0
 x=0
p(x) = 2a1 + 12a2x2 + ... + 2n (2n – 1) a, x2n – 2
When x = 0, p(x) = 2a1 > 0 [ a1 > 0]
 p(x) is only minimum at x = 0
 Option (c) is true.

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10. an = log n
 The radius of convergence

an
R = lim
n  a n 1

log n 
= lim  
n  log (n  1) 

1/n
= lim by L’Hospital rule
n   1/n  1

n 1  1
= lim   lim  1    1
n n n  
 n
 Option (a) is true.

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 xy
11. f(x, y) = 2 2 5/ 2
[1  cos(x 2  y 2 )]
(x  y )

xy   (x 2  y2 ) 2 
= 2 2 5/ 2 1   1   ...  
(x  y )   2 

xy  (x 2  y 2 )2 
= 2
(x  y 2 )5/2  2 


xy
=
2 x 2  y2

1 xy
 lim f (x, y) = lim
(x, y) 2 (x, y)  (0, 0) x 2 y 2

1  xy 
=  0  0  lim  0
2  (x, y)  (0, 0) x 2  y 2 

For f(x, y) is continuous at (0, 0)

f(0, 0) = lim f (x, y)
(x, y)  (0, 0)

 R=0
 Option (a) is true.
12. f : R2  R2 as
f(x) = x||x||2; x  R2
Let x = (x1, x2)
 f(x1, x2) = (x1, x2) ||(x1, x2)||2
= (x1 , x 2 ) (x 12  x 22 ) [||x||2 = x  x]

= (x13  x1 x 22 , x12 x 2  x 32 )

where f1 = x13  x1x 22 , f 2  x12 x 2  x 22

D1f1 D 2f1
 det Df(x) =
D1f 2 D2f 2

3x12  x 22 2x1x 2
=
2x1x 2 3x 22

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 0 0
At (0, 0) det D f(0) = 0
0 0
 det D f(0)  0
 f is not invertible
Also, Ker f = {(x1, x2)  R2 : f(x1, x2) = (0, 0)}
= {(x1, x2)  R2 : x13  x1x 22  0, x12 x 2  x 32  0 }
= {(0, 0)}
 f is one-one.
Hence f is not invertible but f is one-one.
 Option (c) is true.
10 
13. I=  |sin x|dx
0

 
= 10  |sin x|dx  10  sin x dx
0 0

[ |sin x| is periodic with period  and sin x > 0 is 0 < x < ]

= 10[  cos x]0  10[  cos   cos 0]
= 10[1 + 1] = 20
 Option (a) is true.
15. Inn (S3)  S3/Z(S3) where Z(S3) = centre of S3 = SI)
 number of inner automorphism

 S 
= 0 3 
 Z(S3 ) 

0(S3 ) 6
= 
0[Z(S3 )] 1
=6
 Option (d) is true.
16. Let the other eigen value are 1 and 2
Then, sum of eigen value = trace of matrix
 1 + 1 + 2 = 3
 1 + 2 = 2 ...(1)
Now, product of eigen value = det ()
 1, 2 = 2 ...(2)
Now, (1 – 2)2 = (1 + 2)2 – 412
= 4 – 8 = –4

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  1 – 2 = ± 2i ...(3)
Solving (1) and (3), we get
1 = 1 + i, 2 = 1 – i
Hence eigen value of A are
1, 1 + i, 1 – i
2
Eigen value of A are:
12, (1 + i)2, (1 – i)2 i.e., 1, 2i – 2i
 Eigen value of A2 – 2I are:
1 – 2, 2i – 2, – 2i – 2
i.e., –1, 2(i – 1), –2(i + 1)
Hence option (d) is true.
17. Let x  R3, x  0
 (T – CI) (x) = T(x) – cx = cx – cx = 0
So for non-zero x, (T – CI) (x) = 0
 Nullity of T – CI cannot be zero
 Rank of T – CI cannot be 3.
dy 1
18. =
dx 1  x 2

dx
 dy =
1  x2
Integrating Y = tan–1 x + C
y(0) = 0  c = 0

x 3 x5
 y = tan–1 x = x –  ...
3 5
Put x=1
1 1
tan–1 1 = 1   ...
3 5

 1 1
 = 1   ...
4 3 5

1 1 1
Hence 1 –   ... converges to /4.
3 5 7
19. Area of circle A1 = a2
Area of circle A2 = ab
 Area inclined between the curves

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 A = |A1 – A2|
=  a|a – b|
20. an = 4n4 – n3 + 3
an + 1 = 4(n + 1)4 – (n + 1)3 + 3

1 a n 1
Then = lim
R n  a
n

{4(n  1)4  (n  1)3  3}

= lim
n 4n 4  n 3  3

4 3
 1   n  1 3
4 1     4   4
n  n  n
= lim 
n 1 3
4  4
n n

1
=1
R
 R=1
 Radius of convergence R = 1

d2y
21. y0
dt 2
Auxiliary equation
m2 – 1 = 0  m = ±1
solution is y(t) = c1et + c2e–1 ...(1)
y(0) = 1  c1 + c2 = 1 ...(2)
y() = 0  c1e + c2 × 0 = 0
 c1 = 0
 c2 = 1
Hence, c1 = 0, c2 = 1
Then (1) becomes

–tet e t et e t
y(t) = e =   
2 2 2 2

et  e t  et  et 
=  
2  2 
y(t) = cos h t ... sin h t

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  Option (a) is true.
22. f(x) = exp(x) + exp(–x)
= ex + e–x
f (x) = ex – e–x
For maxima and minima
f(x) = 0  ex – e–x = 0
 e2x = 1 = e0
 2x = 0
 x=0
f(x) = ex + e–x
At x = 0, f (x) = 1 + 1 = 2 > 0
 f(x) has minima at x = 0
 fmin = e0 + e0 = 1 + 1 = 2
Hence option (a) is true.
 
23.  5 r  nˆ ds  5 div r dv
S V

by Gauss’s divergence theorem


=  3dv [ div r  3]
V

= 15
Hence option (d) is true.

1p  2p  3p  ...  n p
24. lim
n np 1
p
rp n
1 r 
= lim  p  lim  
r 1 n  n
n  n  n n
 

1
1  xp 1 
p 1
=  x dx    
0
 p  1 0 p  1
 Option (a) is true

 1 2 n 
25. lim  2
 2
 ...  
n 1  n
 1 n 1  n2 

1  2  3  ...  n
= lim
n 1  n2

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 n(n  1)
2 n(n  1)
= lim 2
 lim
n 1 n n   2(1  n 2 )

 1
n 2 1  
 n 1
= lim 
n  1  2
2n 2  2  1
n 
Hence option (b) is true.
x3
 f (d)dt 0
x2
26. lim 2  
x 0 x 0

f (x 3 )3x 2  f (x 2 )2x
= lim by L’Hospital rule
x 0 2x
1
= lim [f (x 3 )3x  2f (x 2 )]   f (0)   1
x 0 2

  
 cos sin
4 4
29. A=  
  sin  cos  
 4 4 

1  1 1
=  1 1
2  

1  1 1  1 1  0 1
A2 = 
2  1 1  1 1  1 0

 0 1  0 1  1 0 
A4 =    
 1 0   1 0   0 1

 1 0   1 0   1 0 
A8 =    
 0 1  0 1 0 1
 n=8
30. since a2  e, a6 = 0
 a4  e, a5  e
 Option (b) is true.
SECTION – B

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 an
34. cn =
bn

lim a n a
n
 lim cn = 
n lim bn b
n

 {cn} converges if b  0
 Option (a) is true.
if b = 0 then lim sup cn  
n

 Option (d) is correct.

x
39. F(x)  (t  1) (t  2) (t  3) (t  4)dt
0

 F(x) = (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) (x – 4)
For maxima and minima
F(x) = 0  x = 1, 2, 3, 4
At x = 2, 4
F²(x) > 0  F(x) has minima at x = 2, 4
 Option (a) and (b) are ture.
42. We have, [(1 + x4)y] + y = 0
Boundary condition,
y(0) = 0, y(1) + 2y(1) = 0
If l = 0, then given ordinary equation,
[(1 + x4)y] = 0
dy
Integrating (1 + x4) = c,
dx
where, c1  constant
dy c1
  ...(i)
dx 1  x 4
From partial fraction,
Solving (i), we get

 1 x 2  1  2x 
y(x) = c1  log | 2 
4 2 x  1  2x 

1
+ [tan 1 ( 2x  1)  tan 1 ( 2x  1)] + c2
2 2
y(0) = 0,  c2 = 0

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 y(1) = 2y(1) = 0  c1 = 0
Thus, we get c1 = c2 = 0
Hence, for  = 0, the solution becomes trivial.
Theorem : Let p(x), p(x), q(x) and r(x) are continuous on [a, b] and suppose p(x) > 0 and r(x)
> 0  x  [a, b], then the S-L problem.

d  dy 
 p(x)  – q(x)y + r(x)y = 0.
dx  dx 
when, a < x < b,
1y(a) – 2y(a) = 0
y(b) + 2y(b) = 0
Hence, an increasing sequence of eigen values such that
1 < 2 < 3 < ... and lim  n    and to each ln, there is an single eigen function yn(x).
n 

Moreover if q(x)  0 and 1, 2, 1, 2  0

Then n  0 for all n
For the given problem, we have,
p(x) = 1 + x4, q(x) = 0, r(x) = 1 and
a = 0, b = 1
1 = 1, 2 = 0
1 = 1, 2 = 2
Then, p(x), q(x) and r(nx) are continuous function and p(x) > 0 and r(x) >  x  [a, b].
From this theorem  l1 < l2 < ....
Now q(x) = 0 and 1, 2, 1, 2  0
Hence, the eigen values n  0 for  n
Thus, since  = 0 corresponds to trival solution, therefore we have eigven values for ln such that
ln > 0  n
Hence, all the eigen values of this SL problem are positive.
Hence, option (B) is correct.

dx dy dz dp dq
43. We have,    = d
f p d q pf p  qf q (f x  pf z ) (f y  qf z )
 pq = 1
Hence, f = pq – 1
f f
Now, fx =  0 and f y  =0
x y

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 dp dq
=
0 0
Integrating, p = a, and q = b, pq = 1
1
ab = 1  b=
a

1
Now, p = a and q =
a

1
If p= then q = a {possible}
a

1 1
(s 1, s)
s s
    
x0 y0 z0 p0 q0

Option (A) is true.

1
 p0q0 = – z ·s = 1
s

1 1
(s 1,  s)
s s
and
    
x0 y0 z0 p0 q0

1
 p0q0 = – ·(–s) = 1
s
Option (B) is also true.

1 1
(s 1, s)
s s
    
z0 y0 z0 p0 q0

1
 p0 q 0 = – ·(–s) = 1  1
s
Hence option (C) is false.

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 1 1
(s 1,  s)
s s
    
x0 y0 z0 p0 q0

1
 p0 q 0 = – ·s = –1  1
s
Hence, option (D) is false.
Therefore, true options are (A) & (B).

2u 2
2  u
44. We have,  c
t 2 x 2
Take initial condition, u(x, 0) = f(x)
u
(x, 0) = g(x)
t
From Almbent solution,
1 1 x  ct
u(x, t) =  f (x  ct)  f (x  ct)   g(x)dx
2 2 x ct
Now, here, c = 1, f(x) = 0 and g(x) = 0
uCF = 0
 
If we denote D= and D 
x t

1
Then, uPI = (x, t)
D  D 2
2

1
1  D2 
= 2 1  2  (xt)
D  D 

1
1  D2 
= 2 1  2
 ... (xt)
D  D 

1
= [xt]
D2

1  t 2  x t 3 xt 3
= x  · 
D  2  2 3 6

So, the general solution, for the given non-homogeneous wave equation,

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 u(x, t) = uCF + uPI

xt 3
=0+
6

2.33 2.27
 u(2, 3) =  =9
6 6
Hence, correct option is (A).

1 dn
45. We have, pn(x) = [(x 2  1) n ]
2 n n! dx n
If n = 3,

1 d3
then p3(x) = 3 3
[(x 2  1)3 ]
2 3! dx

1 d3 6
= 3
[x – 3x4 + 3x2 – 1]
48 dx

1
= [5x3 – 3x]
48
 p3(x) = 0
 5x3 – 3x = 0
 x(5x2 – 3) = 0

3
 x = 0, x = ±
5

3 3 3
 a= , Nodal points are : a = – , 0, and a =
5 5 5
f(x) = 1, f(x) = x and f(x) = x2
Let f(x) = 1
1
 f (x)(1  x)dx < Af(–) + Bf(0) + Cf()
1

1
Then,  (1  x)dx = A.1. B.1 + C.1
1

x2 1
 A+B+C=x–  2
2 1

 A+B+C=2 ...(i)
Put f(x) = 0

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 1
 x(1  x)dx = A(–) + B(0) + C
1

1
  (x  x 2 )dx = –A + C
1

1
x 2 x3
  = – A + C
2 3 1

2
 – aA + aC = – ...(ii)
3
Put f(x) = x2
1
  x 2 (1  x)dx = A(2) + B(0) + C(2)
1

1
 (x 2  x 3 )dx = a2A + a2C
1

1
x3 x 4
  = 2A + 2C
3 4 1

2
 a2A + a2C = ...(iii)
3
Thus, we get A + B + C = 2 ...(iv)
2
A–C= ...(v)
3

2
A+C= ...(vi)
3 2

 3 3
    2  
 5 5

Solving equations (v) & (vi), we get

2 1  
2A =   2
3  

1 1 1  1 5 5
 A=   2     
3     3  3 3 

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 5 5  9 5 
=   1  
9 3 3 9  5.3 3 

5 3
= 1  
9 5 

Now, from equations (vi), (v), we get

2 1 1
2C =  2 
3 

1 1 1
 C=  2  
3  

15 5 5 5
=     
3 3 3 9 3 3

5 9 5  5 3
= 1    1  
9  5.3 3  9  5 

Now from equation (iv), we get,

2
B = 2 – (A + C) = 2 –
3 2
[From equation (vi)]

 1   1 5
= 2  1  2   2 1  · 
 3   3 3

 5 4 8
= 2 1    2  
 9 9 9

8
 B=
9

3  5 5 3
Since, = , A   3  1  
5 9 3 9  5 

8
B=
9

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 5 5 5 3
and C=   1  
9 3 3 9  5 

Hence, correct options are (A) and (D).

53. For compact value, we must have a bounded area.
Let us draw all the four options.

y2

(a) –X y  –1 y 1 X
O

The rea represented by given equation is not bounded

y2

y  –1 y 1
(b)
O

This is a bounded area.

(c) X

This is a bounded area.

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 y

(d) O
X

This is not a bounded area.

n 1 n
 1  1  1 
54. lim  1    lim  1   · 1    = e.1 = e.
n
 n n
 n  n  

ex  ey
55. Now,  e x .e y
2
xy
ex  ey
 (e) 2 (True)
2
(d) For k = 1
xy
 max.[x, y]
2
A.M.  max.[x, y] It’s true.

2 1
56. (a)   = 4 – 1 = 3 (+ve)
1 2

1 2
(b)   = 1 – 4 = –3 (–ve)
2 1

 4 1
(c)   = 16 – 1 = 15 (+ve)
 1 4

0 4
(d)   = 0 – 16 = –16 (–ve)
 4 0
57. Let  is a diagonal matrix

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 1 0 0 
 =  0 2 0 
 0 0 3 

1 0 0 1 0 0
so,  =  0 2 0   0 2 0 
 0 0 3  0 0 3

1 0 0 
=  0 4 0   0.
 0 0 9 

Hence,  is certainly not similar to a diagonal matrix and it must have one non-zero eigen vector.
58. f(x) = x 3 + x2 + x + 1
 (x + 1) (x2) + (x + 1)
 (x + 1) (x2 + 1)
g(x) = x3 + 1
 (x + 1) (x2 + x + 1)
gcd(f(x), g(x)) = (x + 1)
LCM (f(x), g(x)) = (x + 1) {(x2 + 1)}
(x2 – x + 1) = x2 + x3 + x2 + 1.

d2y
59. + y = cosec(x)
dx 2

1
Particular is = 2
cosec(x)
(D  1)

1
= cosec(x)
(D  i)(D  i)

1 1 1 
=  cosec(x)
2i  D  i D  i 


1 ix –
= [e e cosec(x)dx – e– e cosec(x)dx]
2i

1 ix
= [e (cos x.cosec x – i)dx – e–ix (cos x.cosec x + i)dx]
2i

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 1
= [(eix – e–ix) log sin x – i(eix + e–ix)x]
2i

1
= [2i (sin x) log sin x – 2i cos(x).x]
2i
= y = sin(x).log (sin x) – x cos(x).
Boundary Condition:
y(0) = sin (0).log (sin 0) – 0 cos(0), y(0) = 0

1 = 1.0 – .0 = 0.
2
Boundary condition tested.
60. Given equation is written in matrix form

 2 3 1  X  5 
 4 4 3  Y  =  3 .
    
 2 3 1  Z  1 

A square matrix is upper triangular matrix when aij = 0 for (i < j)

2 3 1
4 4 3
2 3 1

1 3 1
0 4 3 C1  C2  C1
5 3 1

1 3 1
0 4 3 R3  R3 – 5R1
0 12 4

1 3 1
0 3 3 R3  R3 + 3R2.
0 0 5

Here, given system of equations is transformed into UTM with diag.[1, 4, –5].
As the diagonal of transformed matrix is non-zero. So, this can be invertible.

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