MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject :Pharmacology Subject Code: 20221
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
XXXXX
Important Instructions to examiners:
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer
scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not
applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The
figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent
figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may
vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer based
on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual
(English + Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year
2021-2022. Hence if the students write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English +Marathi), the
Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts with model
answer.

Q. Su Answer Marking
No b Scheme
. Q.
No.

1 Answer any SIX of the following: 30 M

1. a 1M Def
Define Antihypertensive agents. Classify them. Mention types of hypertension. 3M Classify
1M
These are the pharmacological agents used in treatment of hypertension. Types
Eg.Clonidine,Atenolol,Losartan,Methyldopa,Hydralazine,Reserpine,Propranolol,Diazoxide,
Thiazides etc

Classification (According to site of action):

1. Centrally acting Drugs: Clonidine, Methyl Dopa

2. Drugs acting on autonomic ganglia: Hexamethonium

3. Drugs acting on sympathetic(adrenergic) nerve endings

a) Adrenergic neuron blockers; Guanethidine

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject :Pharmacology Subject Code: 20221
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
b) Catecholamine depletors: Reserpine XXXXX
4. Drugs acting on adrenergic receptors:

a)Alpha adrenergic blockers: Phentolamine

b) Beta adrenergic blockers: Propranolol

5. Vasodilators: Hydralazine

6. Drugs acting reflexly by stimulating baroreceptors: Veratrum

7. Oral Diuretics: Thiazides, Frusemide, spironolactone, amiloride etc

8. Calcium Channel Blockers: Nifedipine, Amlodipine, Felodipine

9. Drugs acting on renin angiotensin system:

a) ACE inhibitors: Enalapril, ramipril

b) Angiotensin Receptor Blockers: Losartan, Telmisartan

10.Miscellaneous: MAO inhibitors eg. Pargyline

Types of hypertension:

a) Primary hypertension: Where the cause which leads to rise in blood pressure is not
known and is usually a lifelong condition

b) Secondary hypertension: is developed secondary to some other primary cause and

is usually for a temporary period. eg. renal diseases, endocrine diseases like
cushings syndrome, excess of catecholamine (Pheochromocytoma), pregnancy, side
effect of drugs like sympathomimetic amines, oestrogens (combined oral
contraceptive pills), erythropoietin, NSAIDs, Steroids etc.

1. b What are opioid analgesics? Give examples. Write pharmacological actions of 1M Def.
1M Ex.
morphine.
3M Pharm.
Definition: These are the pharmacological agents, which when administered, relieve severe Action
degrees of pain associated with burns, parturitions, fractures, traumas, tumors, malignancy
etc. by affecting degree of consciousness.
Examples: Morphine, Codeine, Thebaine, Papavarine, Noscapine, pholcodeine etc.(any 2
correct examples is fine)
Pharmacological actions of morphine:
1. Action on central nervous system;

Page No: 2 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject :Pharmacology Subject Code: 20221
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
a) Analgesia: morphine when administered relieves severe degree of pain XXXXX
associated with trauma, fractures malignancy, it increases pain threshold, it
decreases perception of pain sensation.
b) Euphoria: It produces euphoria even in absence of pain, which may lead to
addiction.
c) Sedation: Therapeutic dose of morphine induces drowsiness decreased
physical activity, difficulty in concentration and lack of thoughts.
d) Hypnosis: morphine when consumed produces sleep which is not related to
natural sleep and characterized by colourful vivid dreams.
2. Action on respiratory system: Morphine produces respiratory depression by direct
depressant action on the brain stem and respiratory centre.
In toxic doses morphine produces severe depression of the respiratory centre.
3. Action on pupil: Morphine acts on the oculomotor nerve and produces pinpoint pupil.
4. Action on cough centre: Morphine depresses cough reflex by directly depressing
medullary cough centre.
5. Action on CTZ: (chemoreceptor trigger zone) Morphine acts on CTZ in the medulla by
stimulation and produces nausea and vomiting.
6. Action on GIT: Morphine reduces tone, motility, peristalsis of smooth muscles of
gastrointestinal tract, reduces all digestive enzymes and leads to constipation
1. c Define Bioavailability and Biotransformation. Explain various routes of drug 1M Each
excretion. defi.
Bioavailability: It is the amount of drug which actually reaches systemic circulation or site 3M Routes
of Drug
of action from a given dosage form after its administration. This amount of the drug is
excretion
responsible for its therapeutic effect. Depending on the dosage forms, bioavailability differs.
E.g after Intravenous route, bioavailability is 100%.

Biotransformation- It is the alteration of drugs within living organisms so as to modify its

activity or nature.It is the process of metabolism of the drugs which prepare the drugs for
excretion.
Various routes of drug excretion:
 Kidneys: Most of the drugs are excreted in urine. Weak acids are quickly excreted in
alkaline urine & vice versa. Eg Penicillin, salicylic acid

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject :Pharmacology Subject Code: 20221
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
 Lungs: eg. Excretion of gaseous inhalants.Volatile general anesthetics, alcohol, XXXXX
paraldehyde occur through this route and it can be easily detected by breath smell
 Intestines: Purgatives like senna are partly excreted in intestine . Heavy metals are
also excreted through faeces.
 Skin: eg.Metalloids like arsenic, lead
 Saliva & milk: eg.Antibiotics, sulphonamides, morphine are excreted in milk.
 Bile: eg.Erythromycin, novobiocin eliminated in bile , reabsorbed in intestine. It
prolongs the action.
1. d 1M Def.
Define Chemotherapy. Give classification of antibiotics based on type of bacteria.
2M
Explain drug combination is used in treatment of tuberculosis. Classificatio
n
Chemotherapy: 2M
Treatment
It is defined as the use of chemical compounds in the treatment of cancer and infectious
diseases, so as to destroy the microorganisms without damaging the host tissues.

Ex. Peniciliins, Cephalosporins, Tetracyclines, Streptomycin, Amoxycillin, etc.

Classification:

1) Effective against gram-positive bacteria

a) Used for systemic infections eg. Penicillin, Erythromycin

b) Used topically e.g. Bacitracin.

2) Effective against Gram Negative bacteria

a) Used for systemic infections eg Streptomycin, Kanamycin

b) Used locally in intestinal infections eg. Paromomycin

3) Effective against both gram positive and Gram Negative bacteria

a) Used for systemic infections eg. Ampicillin, Amoxicillin ,Carbenicillin

b) Used topically eg. Neomycin, Framycetin

4) Effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria ,rickettsiae and

Chlamydia eg Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject :Pharmacology Subject Code: 20221
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
5) Effective against acid fast bacilli eg. Rifampicin, Streptomycin XXXXX
Explain drug combination is used in treatment of tuberculosis.

i) Resistance to anti-TB drugs is developed quickly if used as a single drug.

ii) Combination therapy reduces bacterial load effectively and quickly.

iii) Combination therapy gives synergistic effects.

iv) Side effects are lesser with combination than with single drug used in high dose.

1. e 1M def.
Define Local Anaesthetics. Give two examples. Write uses of local anaesthetic. 1M
Definition: Local anaesthetics are pharmacological agents which when applied or examples
injected, block the conduction as well as generation of impulses in localized area 3M uses

and bring reversible loss of sensation without affecting the degree of consciousness.
Examples : Cocaine, Procaine, Amethocaine, Cinchocaine ,Lignocaine (Lidocaine)
Therapeutic uses of Local anaesthetics:

 To reduce pain and itching of ulcers, haemorrhoids

 To anaesthetize corneal surface, mucosa of mouth, nose, pharynx, larynx, urethra
etc.
 It is used for minor surgeries like removal of cyst.
 It used in gynaecological surgery
 It is used in dental procedures

 Local anesthesia is also used during insertion of IV devices, such as pacemakers and
implantable defibrillators, ports used for giving chemotherapy medications and
hemodialysis access catheters

1. f i) What are corticosteroids? give examples 2.5M Each

Corticosteroids are adrenocortical hormones produced and released by the adrenal cortex.
The secretion of adrenocortical steroids is controlled by the pituitary release of corticotropin
i.e. ACTH- adrenocorticotropic hormone.
Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones .Synthetic analogues of these hormones are
also available .

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject :Pharmacology Subject Code: 20221
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
• Two main classes of corticosteroids, glucocoticoids and mineralocorticoids, are involved
XXXXX
in a wide range of physiological processes, including stress response , immune response,
and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrates metabolism, protein metabolism, blood
electrolyte levels, and behaviour.

These are mainly used as ant-inflammatory agents in chronic asthma, various auto-immune
disorders, various skin disorders, and several emergency situations.
Ex. Cortisol, Hydrocortisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone etc
Side effects include: Hypertension, weight gain, osteoporosis, hyperacidity, hair loss etc
ii) Write a note on Thyroid hormones.
The thyroid gland is situated at the base of the throat having two symmetrical lateral lobe,
one on either side of the trachea, joined by a thin portion of thyroid tissue known as isthmus.
The thyroid glands synthesize two important hormones thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine
(T3). About 90% of the body iodine is present in the thyroid gland mainly as organic iodine.
Thyroid hormones are essential for
 Mental and physical growth
 Carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism
 Temperature regulation
 Myelination of nerve fibres
 Myocardial contractions
 As a serum cholesterol lowering agent
Inadequate or excessive secretion of these hormones results in the clinical condition known
as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
Thyroxine and levothyroxine are used to treat hypothyroidism, cretinism, goitre and
myxodema

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject :Pharmacology Subject Code: 20221
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. g Define Antiemetics. Give two examples, Classify antiulcer agents with examples. XXXXX1M def.
Antiemetics: 1M Ex.
3M
These are the pharmacological agents used in the treatment of vomiting.
Classificatio
Eg: Phenothiazine derivative(Chlorpromazine), Hyoscine, Meclizine, Promethazine, n
Domperidone, Ondansetron
Classification:
1. Reduction of gastric acid secretion
a) H2 antihistamines: Ex. Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Roxatidine
b) Proton pump inhibitors: Ex. Omeprazole, lansoprazole, Pantoprazole,
Rabeprazole, Dexrabeprazole
c) Anticholinergic drugs: Pirenzepine, Propantheline, Oxyphenonium.
d) Prostaglandin analogue: Misoprostol
2. Neutralization of gastric acid (Antacid)
a) Systemic antacid: Ex. Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium citrate
b) Non-Systemic antacid: Ex. Magnesium hydroxide, Magnesium trisilicate,
Aluminium hydroxide gel, Calcium carbonate, magaldrate
3. Ulcer protectives:Ex. Sucralfate, bismuth subcitrate,carbenoxolone
4. Anti-H Pylori Drugs: Ex. Amoxicillin Clarithromycin, Metronidazole, Tinidazole

Q. Sub Answer Marking

No. Q. Scheme
N.

2 Answer any TEN of the following: 30M

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject :Pharmacology Subject Code: 20221
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
2 a Describe the drugs used in the treatment of atherosclerosis. XXXXX
3M
The drugs used in the treatment of atherosclerosis are called as Hypolipidemic / Anti-
hyperlipidaemic drugs.These are the pharmacological agents that are used to lower
increased blood lipid levels..
Drugs used to reduce blood clots (thrombus) may also be required in the treatment as
well as antihypertensives may be used as per the situation.

Classification of drugs used in atherosclerosis:

1) Hypolipidaemic/ antihyperlipidaemic:

a) Statins: Eg. Atorvastatin, Pravastatin, Lovastatin

b) Fibrates:Eg. Clofibrate, Ciprofibrate
c)Bile acid sequestrants: Colstipol, cholestyramine
d ) Cholesterol absorption inhibitors: Ezetimibe
e)Niacin
Other drugs which may be used as per the cause of atherosclerosis are
2) Antiplatelet drugs:
Eg. Aspirin, Clopidogrel
3) Anticoagulants:
Eg. Warfarin, Heparin
1) Hypolipidaemic/ antihyperlipidemic:
These drugs mainly reduce LDL or triglyceride levels. Eg Statins inhibit 3- hydroxy
3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme-A reductase which is the rate limiting step in cholesterol
biosynthesis.
2) Antiplatelet drugs:
These drugs act by inhibiting enzymes or receptors required for platelet activation,
platelet aggregation and /or thrombus formation.
3) Anticoagulants:
These drugs act by antagonising the action of vitamin K, inhibiting thrombin, factor
xa and some act by inhibiting the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and of
prothrombin to thrombin and interferes with clumping of platelets.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject :Pharmacology Subject Code: 20221
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
2 b Explain advantages and disadvantages of the parenteral route of administration. XXXXX
1.5 M each
Advantages :
i) It can be employed in unconscious, uncooperative patients.
ii) Drugs which irritate the stomach can be given by this route.
iii) It avoids drug degradation by digestive juices in GIT ,or by
first pass metabolism in the liver.
iv) Accuracy of dose
v) Has rapid onset of action
vi) It is useful in medical emergencies and so a life saving route
vii) It is useful in case of vomiting and diarrhoea
viii) IV fluids can be life saving in certain cases like coma

Disadvantages
i) Once administered ,difficult to withdraw,hence less safe
ii) More expensive
iii) Self medication difficult
iv) Aseptic technique and skill required, Proper care should be taken to avoid
infection
2 c Give one example of each: 1M Each

i) Thrombolytics: Eg. Streptokinase,Urokinase,Reteplase,Duteplase

ii) Antiplatelet: Eg. Aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor, and prasugrel, cilostazol, and
dipyridamole.

iii) Haematinics: Eg. Cynocobalamine, Folic acid, Iron etc..

(Note: any other suitable example can be considered)

2 d 3M
Classify cholinergic (Parasympathomimetics) drugs.

1) Esters of choline

eg. Acetylcholine, Methacholine, Carbachol, Arecholine

2) Inhibitors of cholinesterase enzyme

a) Reversible anticholinesterases

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SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject :Pharmacology Subject Code: 20221
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
i) Naturally occurring XXXXX
eg. Physostigmine

ii) Synthetic eg. Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine

b) Irreversible anticholinesterase

eg. DFP (di isopropyl fluorophosphate),ecothiopate

OMPA ( octamethyl pyrophosphate amide)

3) Naturally occurring cholinomimetic alkaloids

eg. Pilocarpine

2 e 1M define
Define autocoids. Give examples. Explain : physiological role of prostaglandin with
examples.
Autocoids are diverse substances which are biosynthesized and released by a wide variety Physiologicale
role 2 M
of cells and act locally at the site of release to mediate a number of pathological and
physiological processes. They are also called local hormones.

OR Autocoids are local hormones with high biological activity and naturally found in
body as active or inactive forms.

Ex. Histamine, Serotonin (5 hydroxytryptamine), Bradykinin, Angiotensin,

Prostaglandins

Physiological role of Prostaglandin:

1) Smooth muscles:

Arteriolar smooth muscles are relaxed by PGE2 and PGI2. Prostaglandins promote
vasodilation by activating adenylyl cyclase and fall in blood pressure, respiratory smooth
muscle is relaxed by PGE1, PGE2, and PGI2.

2) Gastrointestinal tract:

PGE2 is known to inhibit gastric acid secretion and protect gastric and duodenal mucosa.
PGE2 and PGF2 cause the contraction of gut muscles.

Page No: 10 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject :Pharmacology Subject Code: 20221
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
3) Platelets aggregation: XXXXX
Prostaglandins effectively inhibit platelet aggregation.

4) Reproductive organs:

PGE2 and PGF2 alpha have marked oxytocic action.

5) Prostaglandins are known to be involved in causing inflammation and pyrexia

2 f Define and classify bronchodilators. 1M def.2M

classification
These are the pharmacological agents which cause dilatation of bronchi and are used in
the treatment of bronchial asthma.

Eg. Adrenaline, Isoprenaline, Orciprenaline, Salbutamol, Aminophylline, Ephedrine

Classification of bronchodilators:

1. Beta2 sympathomimetics
a) Short acting beta2 agonists: Salbutamol, Terbutaline
b) Long acting beta2 agonists Salmeterol, Formoterol

2) Anticholinergics

a) Short acting muscarinic antagonists: Ipratropium bromide

b) Long acting muscarininc antagonists: Tiotropium bromide

3) Methylxanthine: Theophylline, Aminophylline

OR

Bronchodilators :

i) Sympathomimetic: Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Adrenaline, Isoprenaline, Ephedrine

ii) Xanthines: Theophylline, Aminophylline

Page No: 11 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject :Pharmacology Subject Code: 20221
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
iii) Anticholinergics: Atropine,tiotropium, ipratropium XXXXX
2 g 3M
Classify anticonvulsants with examples.

1. Drugs used in Grand Mal epilepsy:

Eg. Phenytoin, Methoin,Phenobarbitone,Carbamazepine

2. Drugs used in Petit mal epilepsy:

Eg. Trimethadione, Paramethadione, Phensuximide, Ethosuximide

3. Drugs effective in Psychomotor epilepsy:

Eg. Phenytoin, Primidone

4. Drugs used in focal Cortical or Jacksonian Epilepsy:

Eg. Phenytoin, Methoin, Phenobarbitone

5. Drugs used in Status epilepticus: Diazepam, Thiopentone

OR

Chemical classification :

1. Hydantoins derivatives :eg Phenytoin, Mephenytoin

2. Barbiturates : eg Phenobarbitone

3. Succinimide :eg Ethosuximide, Phensuximide

4. Oxazolidinediones: eg. Trimethadione, Paramethadione

5. Benzodiazepines : eg Diazepam,Clonazepam

6. Iminostilbene :eg Carbamazepine

7. Aliphatic carboxylic acid : eg. Sodium Valproate

Page No: 12 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject :Pharmacology Subject Code: 20221
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Phenyltriazines: eg. Lamotrigine XXXXX
9. Cyclic GABA analogs: eg. Gabapentin

10. Newer drugs: Topiramate ,Zonisamide

2 h 1M def.
Define diuretics and give indications for use of diuretics. 2M
indications
Drugs that increase the volume of urine formation are called diuretics.

OR Drugs that increase the urine volume and cause loss of electrolytes from the body.

Indications for use of diuretics.

1) These are used alone or in combination with other drugs in the management of
hypertension.

2) These are used for short-term therapy in controlling edema associated with congestive
heart failure and cirrhosis. Eg. Thiazide diuretics

3) These drugs are also useful as an adjuvant for management of hypertensive crisis
associated with acute pulmonary edema or renal failure.

4) These are used in treatment of poisoning .

2 i What is insulin used for? What is its route of administration? Mention its adverse Use 1M,Route
1M, Adverse
effects.
effect 1M
Insulin is used for the treatment of Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.ie Type I diabetes

Route of administration: Parenteral : Common route is subcutaneous

Adverse effects:

· Redness, swelling, and itching at the injection site

· Changes in the feel of your skin, skin thickening (fat build-up), or a little depression in

Page No: 13 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject :Pharmacology Subject Code: 20221
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
the skin (fat breakdown) XXXXX
· Weight gain

· Constipation

· Overdose - hypoglycemia

2 j Def. with eg.

Define anthelmintics. Give examples.Explain: Anthelmintics are administered with 1.5M, Reason
purgatives. 1.5 M

These are the pharmacological agents which kill or paralyse worms in the body and are
used in worm infestation or helminthiasis.

Examples: Mebendazole, Albendazole, Niclosamide, Pyarental Pamoate Piperazine

Praziquantel.

Use of purgatives is essential with piperazine

Ø Anthelmintics are either wormicidal or wormifugal in action.

Ø Thus after killing or paralyzing these worms by anthelmintic agent, these should be
expelled out from the intestine.

Ø Hence purgatives are advised as supportive treatment with anthelmintics.

Ø Thus the combination acts synergistically.

2 k Eg.1M Uses
Give examples and therapeutic uses of aminoglycoside antibiotics 2M

The aminoglycoside antibiotics are so named because they are composed of amino Sugars
connected by glycosidic linkages.

e.g. Streptomycin, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Neomycin,kanamycin

Aminoglycosides are used in the following conditions:

Page No: 14 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject :Pharmacology Subject Code: 20221
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
 Primary and Drug Resistant TB XXXXX
 Severe infections of the abdomen

 Urinary tract infection

 Bacteremia /septicemia

 Endocarditis

3 Attempt ALL of the following 1M Each

3 a Define cardiotonics. 1M
Agents which cause positive inotropic action (increase in force of contraction of the
heart) and increase cardiac output

3 b Give 2 examples of Nootropic agents. 1M

Piracetam,pyritinol ,modafinil

Caffeine,L-Theanine,Panax Ginseng,

Gingko biloba,Brahmi,

(Any other 2 correct examples)

3 c Give full form of NSAID 1M
Non Steroidal Antiinflammatory drug.

3 d Mention 2 groups of medicines that come under Biologicals. 0.5M EACH

Blood or blood products,Vaccines,Antitoxins,Interleukins,
Monoclonal antibodies,Stem cells,Gene therapy,Recombinant proteins,Recombinant
Nucleic acids
(Any other 2 correct groups)

3 e Give route of administration of each: 0.5M EACH

Salbutamol:Oral,IV,Inhalation
Neostigmine:Oral,IM,IV,SC

3 f Chlorzoxazone is used as a Centrally acting muscle relaxant . 1M

Page No: 15 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject :Pharmacology Subject Code: 20221
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
3 g Give 2 examples of Antidiarrheal agents. XXXXX
0.5M EACH
Kaolin,Pectin,Chalk, Activated charcoal,Atropine,Loperamide,Drotaverine,
ORS, Probiotics

(Any other 2 correct examples)

h Name the antidote for Iron poisoning 1M
3 Deferoxamine

3 i What is Therapeutic Index? 1M

It is the ratio of median lethal dose to median effective dose.(Therapeutic index indicates
the relative margin of safety of a drug.)

Therapeutic Index TI = LD / ED 50 50

3 j Mention drug of choice in treatment of Belladona poisoning. 1M

Physostigmine / Neostigmine

3 k Route of administration of halothane is-Inhalation 1M

l Mention two common side effects of antineoplastic agents. 0.5M EACH

3 Alopecia,Thrombocytopenia,Bone marrow depression,Anorexia,Leukopenia,Anaemia

3 m Give one example of Mydriatic. 1M

Phenylephrine,Adrenaline,Atropine,Homatropine
3 n MAO Inhibitors are used as -Antidepressants 1M

3 o Mention therapeutic use of each: 0.5M EACH

Methimazole:Antithyroid agent/In treatment of Hyperthyroidism
Metformin: Oral Hypoglycemic agent/In treatment of Diabetes
3 p Frusemide is used as- Diuretic 1M

3 q Triple response is produced by- Histamine 1M

3 r Mention therapeutic use of each: 0.5M EACH

Acyclovir: Antiviral agent
Fluconazole: Antifungal agent

3 s This drug is contraindicated in pregnancy- Tetracycline 1M

Page No: 16 of 17
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject :Pharmacology Subject Code: 20221
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
3 t Dale’s vasomotor reversal is shown by-Adrenalin XXXXX
1M

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