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Lecture-8. Polymorphism Part-1

Polymorphism in object oriented programming allows performing the same action in different ways. There are two types of polymorphism in Java: compile-time polymorphism which is achieved through method overloading, and runtime polymorphism achieved through method overriding. Method overloading occurs when multiple methods have the same name but different parameters, either by variation in number of parameters or their types. Method overriding occurs when a child class defines a method with the same name, parameters and return type as a method in its parent class.

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Minhaz Uddin Miraz
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33 views

Lecture-8. Polymorphism Part-1

Polymorphism in object oriented programming allows performing the same action in different ways. There are two types of polymorphism in Java: compile-time polymorphism which is achieved through method overloading, and runtime polymorphism achieved through method overriding. Method overloading occurs when multiple methods have the same name but different parameters, either by variation in number of parameters or their types. Method overriding occurs when a child class defines a method with the same name, parameters and return type as a method in its parent class.

Uploaded by

Minhaz Uddin Miraz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object Oriented Programming

POLYMORPHISM
Polymorphism

• Polymorphism in Java is a concept by which we can perform


a single action in different ways.

• Polymorphism means "many forms", and it occurs when we


have many classes that are related to each other by
inheritance
Polymorphism

• There are two types of polymorphism in Java:

 Compile-time polymorphism
 Runtime polymorphism

We can perform polymorphism in java by method overloading


and method overriding.
Polymorphism

 Compile-time polymorphism
- Method Overloading

 Runtime polymorphism
- Method Overriding
Method Overloading

 If a class has multiple methods having same name but


different in parameters, it is known as Method Overloading.

 Advantage of method overloading:

1. Method overloading increases the readability of the program.

2. This provides flexibility to programmers so that they can call


the same method for different types of data.
Method Overloading

There are two ways to overload the method in java

 By changing number of arguments


 By changing the data type
Method Overloading:
changing no. of arguments/ parameters

• Multiple methods having same name

• Different number of arguments in methods

Example: No. of arguments: 1

No. of arguments: 2

int myMethod(int x) No. of arguments: 3

int myMethod(int x, int y)


int myMethod(int x, int y, int z)
Method Overloading:
changing no. of arguments
Two methods have been created:
- The first add() method performs addition of two numbers
- Second add() method performs addition of three numbers
class Adder{
static int add(int a,int b){
return a+b;
Output:
}
static int add(int a,int b,int c){ 22
return a+b+c; 33
}}
class TestOverloading1{
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println(Adder.add(11,11));
System.out.println(Adder.add(11,11,11));
}}
Method Overloading:
changing data type of arguments / parameters

• Multiple methods having same name

• Different data type of arguments in methods

Example: data type of arguments: int, int

data type of arguments: double, double


int myMethod(int a, int b)
double myMethod(double a, double b)
Method Overloading:
changing data type of arguments
Two methods have been created that differs in data type:
- The first add() method receives two integer arguments
- Second add() method receives two double arguments
class Adder{
static int add(int a, int b){ Output:
return a+b;
}
static double add(double a, double b){ 22
return a+b; 24.9
}}
class TestOverloading2{
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println(Adder.add(11,11));
System.out.println(Adder.add(12.3,12.6));
}}
Method Overloading and Type Promotion

• One type is promoted to another implicitly if no matching datatype


is found.
Example of Method Overloading with
TypePromotion
class OverloadingCalculation1{ Output:
void sum(int a,long b){
System.out.println(a+b);
40
}
60
void sum(int a,int b,int c){
System.out.println(a+b+c);
}

public static void main(String args[]){


OverloadingCalculation1 obj=new OverloadingCalculation1();
obj.sum(20,20); //now second int literal will be promoted to long
obj.sum(20,20,20);
}
}
Example of Method Overloading with Type
Promotion if matching found
• If there are matching type arguments in the method, type promotion is
not performed.
class OverloadingCalculation2{
void sum(int a,int b){ Output:
System.out.println("int arg method invoked");
}
int arg method invoked
void sum(long a,long b){
System.out.println("long arg method invoked");
}
public static void main(String args[]){
OverloadingCalculation2 obj=new OverloadingCalculation2();
obj.sum(20,20); //now int arg sum() method gets invoked
}
}
Example of Method Overloading with Type
Promotion in case of ambiguity
• If there are no matching type arguments in the method, and each method
promotes similar number of arguments, there will be ambiguity.
class OverloadingCalculation3{ Output:
void sum(int a,long b){
System.out.println("a method invoked");
} Compile Time Error
void sum(long a,int b){
System.out.println("b method invoked");
}
public static void main(String args[]){
OverloadingCalculation3 obj=new OverloadingCalculation3();
obj.sum(20,20); //now ambiguity
}
}
Practice

1. Write a Java Program to Find Area of Square Using Method


Overloading. (You have to find the area for both int and
double values)

2. Suppose, you have to design a Max class where there will be


method to find the maximum number. The user can provide
two or three numbers as inputs to find the maximum among
them. Now, write the code according to the description
using method overloading.
Thank You

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