LAB 3_ Ayman Tawfiq

Abdulbaki(202170156)_Examples
the book

Table of Contents
Example 2.1 ....................................................................................................................... 2
Example 2.2 ....................................................................................................................... 4
Example 2.3 ....................................................................................................................... 4
Example 2.4 ....................................................................................................................... 5
Example 2.5 ....................................................................................................................... 6
Example 2.6 ..................................................................................................................... 11
Example 2.7 ..................................................................................................................... 13
Example 2.8 ..................................................................................................................... 15
Exapmple 2.9 .................................................................................................................... 16
Example 2.10 .................................................................................................................... 17
Example 2.11 .................................................................................................................... 23
Example 2.12 .................................................................................................................... 26
Example 2.13 .................................................................................................................... 27
Example 2.14 .................................................................................................................... 28
Example 2.15 .................................................................................................................... 33
Example 2.16 .................................................................................................................... 37
Example 2.17 .................................................................................................................... 44
Example 2.18 .................................................................................................................... 46
Example 2.19 .................................................................................................................... 46
Example 2.20 .................................................................................................................... 48
Example 2.21 .................................................................................................................... 49
Example 2.22 .................................................................................................................... 50
Example 2.23 .................................................................................................................... 50
Example 2.24 .................................................................................................................... 52
Example 2.25 .................................................................................................................... 53
Example 2.26 .................................................................................................................... 54
Example 2.27 .................................................................................................................... 55
Example 2.28 .................................................................................................................... 55
Example 2.29 .................................................................................................................... 56
Example 2.30 .................................................................................................................... 57
Example 2.31 .................................................................................................................... 57
Example 2.32 .................................................................................................................... 58
Example 2.33 .................................................................................................................... 59
Example 2.34 .................................................................................................................... 60
Example 2.35 .................................................................................................................... 61
Example 2.36 .................................................................................................................... 62
Example 2.37 .................................................................................................................... 63
Example 2.38 .................................................................................................................... 63

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 LAB 3_ Ayman Tawfiq Abdulbak-
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Example 2.1
%determine the following: (a) A + B, (b) AB, (c) A2, (d) AT, (e) B–1,
%(f) B(T)A(T), (g) A2 + B2 – AB, (h) determinant of A, determinant of
B and determinant of AB.

A = [1 0 1; 2 3 4; - 1 6 7]
B= [7 4 2 ; 3 5 6 ; - 1 2 1]

A =

1 0 1
2 3 4
-1 6 7

B =

7 4 2
3 5 6
-1 2 1

%solution:

%part(a)
C = A + B
%part(b)
D = A * B
%part(c)
E = A ^ 2
%part(d)
F = A'
%part(e)
H = inv (B)
%part(f)
J = B' * A'
%part(g)
K = A ^ 2 + B ^ 2 - A * B
%part(h)
det (A)
det (B)
det (A * B)

C =

8 4 3
5 8 10
-2 8 8

D =

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6 6 3
19 31 26
4 40 41

E =

0 6 8
4 33 42
4 60 72

F =

1 2 -1
0 3 6
1 4 7

H =

1.1111e-01 -2.6817e-19 -2.2222e-01

1.4286e-01 -1.4286e-01 5.7143e-01
-1.7460e-01 2.8571e-01 -3.6508e-01

J =

6 19 4
6 31 40
3 26 41

K =

53 52 45
15 51 58
-2 28 42

ans =

12

ans =

-6.3000e+01

ans =

-7.5600e+02

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Example 2.2
%Determine the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of A using MATLAB
A = [4 2 -3 ; -1 1 3 ; 2 5 7]

A =

4 2 -3
-1 1 3
2 5 7

%solution
eig(A)
lamda = eig(A)
[V, D]=eig(A)

ans =

5.9488e-01
3.0000e+00
8.4051e+00

lamda =

5.9488e-01
3.0000e+00
8.4051e+00

V =

-6.7125e-01 9.1634e-01 -3.9048e-01

6.7125e-01 -3.9841e-01 3.9048e-01
-3.1440e-01 3.9841e-02 8.3370e-01

D =

5.9488e-01 0 0
0 3.0000e+00 0
0 0 8.4051e+00

Example 2.3
%Determine the values of x, y, and z for the following set of linear
algebraic equations :

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%x2 – 3x3 = – 5
%2x1 + 3x2 – x3 = 7
%4x1 + 5x2 – 2x3 = 10

%solution:
A = [0 1 -3 ; 2 3 -1 ; 4 5 -2]
B = [-5 ; 7 ; 10]
x = inv(A) * B
check = A * x

A =

0 1 -3
2 3 -1
4 5 -2

B =

-5
7
10

x =

-1.0000e+00
4.0000e+00
3.0000e+00

check =

-5.0000e+00
7.0000e+00
1.0000e+01

Example 2.4
%Write a function file Veccrossprod to compute the cross product of
two
%vectors a, and b, where a = (a1, a2, a3), b = (b1, b2, b3), and a × b
= (a2b3 – a3b2, a3b1 – a1b3, a1b2
%–a2b1). Verify the function by taking the cross products of pairs of
unit vectors: (i, j), (j, k), etc.

%solution:
%function file c =Veccrossprod(a,b);
% Veccrossprod : function to compute c = a × b where a and b are 3D
vectors
% call syntax:

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% c = Veccrossprod(a, b) ;
%c = [a(2)*b(3)-a(3)*b(2);a(3)*b(1)-a(1)*b(3);a(1)*b(2)-a(2)*b(1)];

Example 2.5
%(a) Generate an overlay plot for plotting three lines
%y1 = sin t
%y2 = t
%y3 = t-t^3/3!+t^5/5!+t^7/7!
% 0?t?2?
%Use (i) the plot command
%(ii) the hold command
%(iii) the line command
%(b) Use the functions for plotting x-y data for plotting the
following functions.
%(i) f(t) = t cost
%0 ? t ? 10?
%(ii) x = et
%y = 100 + e3t
%0 ? t ? 2?

%solution:

%part(a)
%(a) overlay plot
%(i) using the plot command
t = linspace(0, 2 * pi, 100);
y1 = sin(t); y2 = t;
y3 = t -(t.^ 3)/6 + (t.^ 5)/120 -(t.^ 7)/5040;
plot(t, y1, t, y2, '-', t, y3, 'o')
axis([0 5 -1 5])
xlabel('t')
ylabel('sin(t) approximation')
title('sin(t) functio')
text(3.5, 0, 'sin(t)')
gtext('Linear approximation')
gtext('4-term approximation')

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%(ii) using the hold command

x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 100); y1 = sin(x);
plot(x, y1)
hold on
y2 = x; plot(x, y2, '-' )
y3 = x -(x .^ 3)/6 + (x .^ 5)/120 - (t .^ 7)/5040;
plot(x, y3, 'o')
axis([0 5 -1 5])
hold off

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 LAB 3_ Ayman Tawfiq Abdulbak-
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%(iii) using the line command

t = linspace(0, 2*pi, 100);
y1 = sin(t);
y2 = t;
y3 = t - (t.^ 3)/6 + (t.^5)/120 - (t.^7)/5040;
plot(t, y1)
line(t, y2, 'linestyle', '-')
line(t, y3, 'marker', 'o')
axis([0 5 -01 5])
xlabel('t')
ylabel('sin(t) approximation')
title('sin(t) function')
legend('sin(t)', 'linear approx', '7th order approx')

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%part(b)
%Using Table 2.29 functions
%(i)
fplot('x.*cos(x)', [0 10*pi])
%This will give the following figure (Fig. E 2.5 (b) (i))

Warning: fplot will not accept character vector or string inputs in a

future
release. Use fplot(@(x)x.*cos(x)) instead.

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%(ii)
t = linspace(0, 2*pi, 200);
x = exp(t);
y = 100 + exp(3*t);
loglog(x, y), grid

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Example 2.6
%(a) Plot the parametric space curve of
%x(t) = t
%y(t) = t2
%z(t) = t3 0 ? t ? 2.0
%(b) z = – 7 / (1 + x2 + y2) | x | ? 5 , | y | ? 5

%part(a)
t = linspace(0, 2,100);
x = t ; y = t.^2 ; z = t.^3;
plot3(x, y, z), grid
%The plot is shown in Figure E 2.6 (a).

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%part(b)
t = linspace(0, 2, 100);
x = t ; y = t.^2 ; z = t.^3;
plot3(x, y, z), grid
t = linspace (-5, 5, 50) ;
y = x ;
z = [-7./(1 + x .^ 2 + y .^ 2)];
%mesh(z)
%The plot is shown in Figure E 2.6(b).

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Example 2.7
%Consider the function
%H(s)=n(s)/d(s)
%where n(s) = s^4 + 6s^3 5s^2 + 4s + 3
%d(s) = s^5 + 7s^4 + 6s^3 + 5s^2 + 4s + 7
%(a) Find n(– 10), n(– 5), n(– 3) and n(– 1)
%(b) Find d(– 10), d(– 5), d(– 3) and d(– 1)
%(c) Find H(– 10), H(– 5), H(– 3) and H(– 1)

%solution:

%part(a)
n = [1 6 5 4 3];
d = [1 7 6 5 4 7];
n2 = polyval(n, [-10])
nn10 = polyval(n, [-10])
nn5 = polyval(n, [-5])
nn3 = polyval(n, [-3])
nn1 = polyval(n, [-1])

n2 =

4463

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nn10 =

4463

nn5 =

-17

nn3 =

-45

nn1 =

-1

%part(b)
dn10 = polyval(d, [-10])
dn5 = polyval(d, [-5])
dn3 = polyval(d, [-3])
dn1=polyval(d, [-1])

dn10 =

-35533

dn5 =

612

dn3 =

202

dn1 =

%part(c)
Hn10 = nn10/dn10
Hn5 = nn5/dn5
Hn3 = nn3/dn3
Hn1 = nn1/dn1

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Hn10 =

-1.2560e-01

Hn5 =

-2.7778e-02

Hn3 =

-2.2277e-01

Hn1 =

-1.2500e-01

Example 2.8
%Generate a plot of
%y(x) = e(–0.7x) sin ?x
%where w = 15 rad/s, and 0 ? x ? 15. Use the colon notation to
generate the x vector in increments of 0.1.

%solution:
x = [0 : 0.1 : 15];
w = 15;
y = exp(-0.7*x).*sin(w*x);
plot(x, y)
title('y(x) = e^-^0^.^7^x sin\omega x')
xlabel('x')
ylabel('y')

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Exapmple 2.9
%Generate a plot of
%y(x) = e^(–0.6x) cos ?x
%where ? = 10 rad/s, and 0 ? x ? 15. Use the colon notation to
generate the x vector in increments of 0.05.

%solution
x = [0 : 0.1 : 15];
w = 10;
y = exp(-0.6*x).*cos(w*x);
plot(x, y)
title('y(x) = e^-^0^.^6^x cos\omega x')
xlabel('x')
ylabel('y')

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Example 2.10
%Using the functions for plotting x-y data given in Table 2.29 plot
the following functions.
%(a) r^2 = 5 cos 3t 0 ? t ? 2?
%(b) r^2 = 5 cos 3t 0 ? t ? 2?
%x = r cos t, y = r sin t
%(c) y1= e^(–2x) cos x 0 ? t ? 20
%y2 = e^(2x)
%(d) y=cos(x)/x
%–5 ? x ? 5?
%(e) f = e–3t/5 cos t 0 ? t ? 2?
%(f) z = –1/3x^2 + 2xy + y^2
%|x| ? 7, |y| ? 7

%solution:

%part(a)
t = linspace(0, 2*pi, 200);
r = sqrt(abs(5*cos(3*t)));
polar(t, r)

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%part(b)
t = linspace(0, 2*pi, 200);
r = sqrt(abs(5*cos(3*t)));
x = r.*cos(t);
y = r.*sin(t);
fill(x, y, 'k'),
axis('square')

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%part(c)
x = 1 : 0.1 : 20;
y1 = exp(-2*x).*cos(x);
y2 = exp(2*x);
Ax = plotyy(x, y1, x, y2);
hy1 = get(Ax(1), 'ylabel');
hy2 = get(Ax(2), 'ylabel');
set(hy1, 'string', 'exp(-2x).cos(x)')
set(hy2, 'string', 'exp(-2x)');

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%part(d)
x = linspace(-5*pi,5*pi,100);
y = cos(x)./x;
area(x, y);
xlabel('x (rad)'), ylabel('cos(x)/x')
hold off

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%part(e)
t = linspace(0, 2*pi, 200);
f = exp(-0.6*t).*sin(t);
stem(t, f)

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%part(f)
r = -7 : 0.2 : 7;
[X, Y] = meshgrid(r, r);
Z = -0.333*X.^2 + 2*X.*Y + Y.^2;
cs = contour(X, Y, Z);
%label(cs)

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Example 2.11
%Use the functions listed in Table 2.30 for plotting 3-D data for the
following.
% (a) z = cos x cos y e^((x2+y2)^(-1/2)/5)
%|x| ? = 7, | y | ? 7
% (b) Discrete data plots with stems
%x = t, y = t cos(t)
%z = e^(t/5) –2 0?t? 5?
%(c) A cylinder generated by
%r = sin(5?z) + 3
%0 ? z ? 1 0 ? ? ? 2?

%solution:

part(a)

u = -7 : 0.2 : 7;
[X, Y] = meshgrid(u, u);
Z = cos (X).*cos (Y).*exp(-sqrt(X.^2 + Y.^2)/5);
surf(X, Y, Z)

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%part(b)
t = linspace(0, 5*pi, 200);
x = t ; y = t.*cos(t);
z = exp(t/5) -2;
stem3(x, y, z, 'filled');
xlabel('t'), ylabel ('t cos(t)'), zlabel ('e^t/5 – 1')

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%part(c)
z =[0 : 0.2 : 1];
r = sin(5*pi*z)+3;
cylinder(r)

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Example 2.12
%Obtain the plot of the points for 0 ? t ? 6? when the coordinates
x,y,z are given as a function of the parameter t as follows:
%x=root(t)sin(3t)
%y=root(t)cos(3t)
%z=.8t

%solution:
t = [0:0.1:6*pi];
x = sqrt(t).*sin(3*t);
y = sqrt(t).*cos(3*t);
z = 0.8*t;
plot3(x, y, z, 'k', 'linewidth', 1)
grid on
xlabel ('x'); ylabel ('y') ; zlabel ('z')

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Example 2.13
%Obtain the mesh and surface plots for the function z =2xy^(2)/(x^2 +
y^2) over the
%domain – 2 ? x ? 6 and 2 ? y ? 8.

%solution
x = -2 : 0.1 : 6;
y = 2 : 0.1 : 8;
[x, y] = meshgrid(x, y);
z = 2*x.*y.^2./(x.^2 + y.^2);
mesh(x, y, z)
xlabel('x'); ylabel('y'); zlabel('z')
surf(x, y, z)
xlabel('x'); ylabel('y'); zlabel('z')

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Example 2.14
%Plot the function z =2^(-1.5root(x^2+y^2))sin(x)cos(0.5y) the domain
– 4 ? x ? 4 and – 4 ? y ? 4 using Table 2.30
%(a) Mesh plot
%(b) Surface plot
%(c) Mesh curtain plot
%(d) Mesh and contour plot
%(e) Surface and contour plot

%solution:

%part(a)
x = -4 : 0.25 : 4;
y = -4 : 0.25 : 4;
[x, y] = meshgrid(x, y);
z = 2.^(-1.5*sqrt(x.^2 + y.^2)).*cos(0.5*y).*sin(x);
mesh(x, y, z)
xlabel('x');
ylabel('y')
zlabel('z')

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%part(b)
x = -4 : 0.25 : 4;
y = -4 : 0.25 : 4;
[x, y] = meshgrid(x, y);
z = 2.0.^(-1.5*sqrt(x.^2 + y.^2)).*cos(0.5*y).*sin(x);
surf(x, y, z)
xlabel('x'); ylabel ('y')
zlabel('z')

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%part(c)
x = -4.0 : 0.25 : 4;
y = -4.0 : 0.25 : 4;
[x, y] = meshgrid(x, y);
z = 2.0.^(-1.5*sqrt(x.^2 + y.^2)).*cos(0.5*y).*sin(x);
meshc(x, y, z)
xlabel('x'); ylabel('y')
zlabel('z')

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%part(d)
x = -4.0 : 0.25 : 4;
y = -4.0 : 0.25 : 4;
[x, y] = meshgrid (x, y);
z = 2.0.^(-1.5*sqrt(x.^2 + y.^2)).*cos(0.5*y).*sin(x);
meshc(x, y, z)
xlabel('x'); ylabel('y')
zlabel('z')

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%part(e)
x = -4.0 : 0.25 : 4;
y = -4.0 : 0.25 : 4;
[x, y] = meshgrid(x, y);
z = 2.0.^ (-1.5*sqrt (x.^2 + y.^2)).*cos (0.5*y).*sin(x);
surfc(x, y, z)
xlabel('x'); ylabel('y')
zlabel('z')

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Example 2.15
%Plot the function z=2^(-1.5root(x^2+y^2)) sin(x)cos(0.5y) over the
domain – 4 ? x ? 4 and – 4 ? y ? 4 using Table 2.30.
%a) Surface plot with lighting
%(b) Waterfall plot
%(c) 3-D contour plot
%(d) 2-D contour plot

%solution:

%part(a)
x = -4.0 : 0.25 : 4;
y = -4.0 : 0.25 : 4;
[x, y] = meshgrid(x, y);
z = 2.0.^(-1.5*sqrt(x.^2 + y.^2)).*cos(0.5*y).*sin(x);
surfl(x, y, z)
xlabel('x'); ylabel('y')
zlabel('z')

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%part(b)
x = -4.0 : 0.25 : 4;
y = -4.0 : 0.25 : 4;
[x, y] = meshgrid(x, y);
z = 2.0.^(-1.5*sqrt(x.^2 + y.^2)).*cos(0.5*y).*sin(x);
waterfall(x, y, z)
xlabel('x'); ylabel('y')
zlabel('z')

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%part(c)
x = -4.0 : 0.25 : 4;
y = -4.0 : 0.25 : 4;
[x, y] = meshgrid(x, y);
z = 2.0.^(-1.5*sqrt(x.^2 + y.^2)).*cos(0.5*y).*sin(x);
contour3(x, y, z, 15)
xlabel('x') ; ylabel('y')
zlabel('z')

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%part(d)
x = -4.0 : 0.25 : 4;
y = -4.0 : 0.25 : 4;
[x, y] = meshgrid(x, y);
z = 2.0.^(-1.5*sqrt(x.^2 + y.^2)).*cos(0.5*y).*sin(x);
contour(x, y, z, 15)
xlabel('x'); ylabel('y')
zlabel('z')

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Example 2.16
%Using the functions given in Table 2.29 for plotting x-y data, plot
the following functions:
%(a) f(t) = t cos t 0 ? t ? 10?
%(b) x = e^(–2t), y = t 0 ? t ? 2?
%(c) x = t, y = e^(2t) 0 ? t ? 2?
%(d) x = e^(t), y = 50 + e(t) 0 ? t ? 2?
%(e) r^2 = 3 sin 7t
%y = r sin t 0 ? t ? 2?
%(f) r^2 = 3 sin 4t
%y = r sin t 0 ? t ? 2?
%(g) y = t sin t 0 ? t ? 5?

%solution:

%part(a)
fplot('x.*cos(x)', [0, 10*pi])

Warning: fplot will not accept character vector or string inputs in a

future
release. Use fplot(@(x)x.*cos(x)) instead.

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%part(b)
t = linspace(0, 2 * pi, 200);
x = exp(-2 * t); y = t;
semilogx (x, y),grid

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%part(c)
t= linspace(0, 2 * pi, 200);
semilogy(t, exp(-2 * t)), grid

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%part(d)
t = linspace(0, 2 * pi, 200);
x = exp(t);
y = 50 + exp(t);
loglog(x, y), grid

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%part(e)
t = linspace(0, 2*pi, 200);
r = sqrt(abs(3*sin(7*t)));
y = r.*sin(t);
stairs(t, y)
axis([0 pi 0 inf]);

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%part(f)
t = linspace(0, 2*pi,200);
r = sqrt(abs(3*sin(4*t)));
y = r.*sin(t);
bar(t, y)
axis([0 pi 0 inf]);

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%part(g)
q = linspace(0, 5*pi, 200);
y = q.*sin(q);
comet(q, y)

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Example 2.17
%Consider the two matrices:
%A=[3 2*pi ; 5j 10 + sqrt(2)*j];
%B=B = [7j –15j ; 2*pi 18];
%Determine the following:
%(a) A + B
%(b) AB
%(c) A2
%(d) A^T
%(e) B^–1
%(f) B^T A^T
%(g) A^2 + B^2 – AB
A=[3 2*pi ; 5j 10 + sqrt(2)*j];
B= [7j -15j ; 2*pi 18];

%solution:

%part(a)
A + B

ans =

3.0000e+00 + 7.0000e+00i 6.2832e+00 - 1.5000e+01i

6.2832e+00 + 5.0000e+00i 2.8000e+01 + 1.4142e+00i

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%part(b)
A * B

ans =

3.9478e+01 + 2.1000e+01i 1.1310e+02 - 4.5000e+01i

2.7832e+01 + 8.8858e+00i 2.5500e+02 + 2.5456e+01i

%part(c)
A ^ 2

ans =

9.0000e+00 + 3.1416e+01i 8.1681e+01 + 8.8858e+00i

-7.0711e+00 + 6.5000e+01i 9.8000e+01 + 5.9700e+01i

%part(d)
inv(A)

ans =

1.5965e-01 + 1.9175e-01i -1.1505e-01 - 1.0421e-01i

8.2927e-02 - 9.1553e-02i 5.4932e-02 + 4.9756e-02i

%part(e)
B^(-1)

ans =

0.0000e+00 - 8.1726e-02i 6.8105e-02 + 0.0000e+00i

0.0000e+00 + 2.8528e-02i 3.1782e-02 + 0.0000e+00i

%part(f)
inv(B)*inv(A)

ans =

2.1319e-02 - 1.9283e-02i -4.7754e-03 + 1.2791e-02i

-2.8346e-03 + 1.6447e-03i 4.7187e-03 - 1.7007e-03i

%part(g)
(A ^ 2 + B ^ 2) -(A * B)

ans =

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-7.9478e+01 - 8.3832e+01i 7.3584e+01 - 2.1611e+02i

7.8194e+01 + 1.0010e+02i 1.6700e+02 - 6.0003e+01i

Example 2.18
%Find the inverse of the following matrices:
%A = [3 2 0; 2 –1 7; 5 4 9];
%B = [– 4 2 5; 7 – 1 6; 2 3 7];
%C = [– 1 2 – 5; 4 3 7; 7 – 6 1];
A = [3 2 0; 2 -1 7; 5 4 9];
B = [-4 2 5; 7 -1 6; 2 3 7];
C = [-1 2 -5; 4 3 7; 7 -6 1];

%solution:
A=inv(A)
B=inv(B)
C=inv(C)

A =

4.8052e-01 2.3377e-01 -1.8182e-01

-2.2078e-01 -3.5065e-01 2.7273e-01
-1.6883e-01 2.5974e-02 9.0909e-02

B =

-1.7730e-01 7.0922e-03 1.2057e-01

-2.6241e-01 -2.6950e-01 4.1844e-01
1.6312e-01 1.1348e-01 -7.0922e-02

C =

1.6667e-01 1.0370e-01 1.0741e-01

1.6667e-01 1.2593e-01 -4.8148e-02
-1.6667e-01 2.9630e-02 -4.0741e-02

Example 2.19
%Determine the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrix A
%(a) A = [4 – 1 5 ; 2 1 3 ; 6 – 7 9]
%(b) A =[3 5 7;2 4 8;5 6 10]

%solution:

%part(a)
A = [4 -1 5 ; 2 1 3 ; 6 -7 9]
format short e

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eig(A)
[Q, d] = eig(A)

A =

4 -1 5
2 1 3
6 -7 9

ans =

1.0000e+01
5.8579e-01
3.4142e+00

Q =

-5.5709e-01 -8.2886e-01 -7.3925e-01

-3.7139e-01 -3.9659e-02 -6.7174e-01
-7.4278e-01 5.5805e-01 -4.7739e-02

d =

1.0000e+01 0 0
0 5.8579e-01 0
0 0 3.4142e+00

%part(b)
A =[3 5 7;2 4 8;5 6 10]
format short e
eig(A)
[Q, d] = eig(A)

A =

3 5 7
2 4 8
5 6 10

ans =

1.7686e+01 + 0.0000e+00i
-3.4295e-01 + 1.0066e+00i
-3.4295e-01 - 1.0066e+00i

Q =

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Columns 1 through 2

5.0537e-01 + 0.0000e+00i -2.0715e-01 - 5.2772e-01i

4.8932e-01 + 0.0000e+00i 7.1769e-01 + 0.0000e+00i
7.1075e-01 + 0.0000e+00i -3.3783e-01 + 2.2223e-01i

Column 3

-2.0715e-01 + 5.2772e-01i
7.1769e-01 + 0.0000e+00i
-3.3783e-01 - 2.2223e-01i

d =

Columns 1 through 2

1.7686e+01 + 0.0000e+00i 0.0000e+00 + 0.0000e+00i

0.0000e+00 + 0.0000e+00i -3.4295e-01 + 1.0066e+00i
0.0000e+00 + 0.0000e+00i 0.0000e+00 + 0.0000e+00i

Column 3

0.0000e+00 + 0.0000e+00i
0.0000e+00 + 0.0000e+00i
-3.4295e-01 - 1.0066e+00i

Example 2.20
%Determine the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of A and B
%A = [ 3 0 2 1; 1 2 5 4; 7 – 1 2 6; 1 – 2 3 4 ];
%B = [ 1 3 5 7; 2 – 1 – 2 4; 3 2 1 1; 4 1 0 6 ];

%solution:
A = [ 3 0 2 1; 1 2 5 4; 7 -1 2 6; 1 -2 3 4 ];
B = [ 1 3 5 7; 2 -1 -2 4; 3 2 1 1; 4 1 0 6 ];
a = A * B
eig (a)
[Q, d] = eig (a)

a =

13 14 17 29
36 15 6 44
35 32 39 83
22 15 12 26

ans =

9.8546e+01
2.2964e+00

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-1.3095e+00
-6.5329e+00

Q =

-3.2626e-01 -2.8446e-01 -3.9077e-01 3.4132e-01

-3.6192e-01 7.3866e-01 7.8159e-01 -9.2147e-01
-8.1680e-01 -6.0260e-01 -4.7685e-01 9.6168e-02
-3.0888e-01 1.0164e-01 9.5033e-02 1.5858e-01

d =

9.8546e+01 0 0 0
0 2.2964e+00 0 0
0 0 -1.3095e+00 0
0 0 0 -6.5329e+00

Example 2.21
%Solve the following set of equations
%(a) x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 + 5x4 = 21
%–2x1 + 5x2 + 7x3 – 9x4 = 18
%5x1 + 7x2 + 2x3 – 5x4 = 25
%–x1 + 3x2 – 7x3 + 7x4 = 30
%(b) x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 + 4x4 = 8
%2x1 – 2x2 – x3 – x4 = – 3
%x1 – 3x2 + 4x3 – 4x4 = 8
%2x1 + 2x2 – 3x3 + 4x4 = – 2

%solution:

%part(a)
A = [1 2 3 5 ; -2 5 7 -9 ; 5 7 2 -5 ; -1 -3 -7 7];
B = [21 ; 18 ; 25 ; 30] ;
S = A\B

S =

-8.9896e+00
1.4128e+01
-5.4438e+00
3.6128e+00

%part(b)
A = [1 2 3 4 ; 2 -2 -1 1 ; 1 -3 4 -4 ; 2 2 -3 4];
B = [8 ; -3 ; 8 ; -2];
S = A\B

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S =

2.0000e+00
2.0000e+00
2.0000e+00
-1.0000e+00

Example 2.22
%Use diff command for symbolic differentiation of the following
functions:
%(a) S1 = ex^8
%(b) S2 = 3x^3 ex^5
%(c) S3 = 5x^3 – 7x^2 + 3x + 6

%solution:

%part(a)
syms x
S1 = exp(x^8);
diff (S1)

ans =

8*x^7*exp(x^8)

%part(b)
S2 = 3* x ^3*exp(x^5);
diff (S2)

ans =

9*x^2*exp(x^5) + 15*x^7*exp(x^5)

%part(c)
S3 = 5*x^3 -7*x^2 + 3*x + 6;
diff (S3)

ans =

15*x^2 - 14*x + 3

Example 2.23
%symbolic commands to find the values of the following integrals.
%(a) int (S1, 0.2, 0.7)
%(b) int (S2, 0, pi)

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%(c) int (S3)

%(d) int (S4)
%(e) int (S5)

%solution:

%part(a)
syms x y a b
S1 = abs(x)
int (S1, 0.2, 0.7)

S1 =

abs(x)

ans =

9/40

%part(b)
S2 = cos (y) + 7*y^2
int (S2, 0, pi)

S2 =

cos(y) + 7*y^2

ans =

(7*pi^3)/3

%part(c)
S3 = sqrt (x)
int (S3)

S3 =

x^(1/2)

ans =

(2*x^(3/2))/3

%part(d)
S4 = 7*x^5 -6*x^4 + 11*x^3 + 4*x^2 + 8 * x -9
int (S4)

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S4 =

7*x^5 - 6*x^4 + 11*x^3 + 4*x^2 + 8*x - 9

ans =

(7*x^6)/6 - (6*x^5)/5 + (11*x^4)/4 + (4*x^3)/3 + 4*x^2 - 9*x

%part(e)
S5 = cos (a)
int (S5)

S5 =

cos(a)

ans =

sin(a)

Example 2.24
%Obtain the general solution of the following first order differential
equations:
%(a)dy/dt=5t -6y
%(b)ddy/ddt+ 3dy/dt+ y = 0
%(c)ds/dt= Ax^3
%(d)ds/dA= Ax^3

%solution:

%part(a)
dsolve('Dy=5*t - 6*y')

Warning: Support of character vectors and strings will be removed in a

future
release. Use sym objects to define differential equations instead.

ans =

(5*t)/6 + (C1*exp(-6*t))/36 - 5/36

%part(b)
dsolve ('D2y + 3*Dy + y = 0')

Warning: Support of character vectors and strings will be removed in a

future

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release. Use sym objects to define differential equations instead.

ans =

C1*exp(-t*(5^(1/2)/2 + 3/2)) + C2*exp(t*(5^(1/2)/2 - 3/2))

%part(c)
dsolve ('Ds = A*x^3', 'x')

Warning: Support of character vectors and strings will be removed in a

future
release. Use sym objects to define differential equations instead.

ans =

(A*x^4)/4 + C1

%part(d)
dsolve ('Ds = A*x^3', 'A')

Warning: Support of character vectors and strings will be removed in a

future
release. Use sym objects to define differential equations instead.

ans =

(A^2*x^3)/2 + C1

Example 2.25
%Determine the solution of the following differential equations that
satisfies the given initial conditions.
%(a) dy/dx= – 7x^2 y(1) = 0.7
%(b) dy/dx= 5x cos^2(y) y(0) = ?/4
%(c) dy/dx=-y + e^(3x) y(0) = 2
%(d) dy/dt+ 5y = 35 y(0) = 4

%solution

%part(a)
dsolve ('Dy = -7*x^2', 'y (1) = 0.7')

Warning: Support of character vectors and strings will be removed in a

future
release. Use sym objects to define differential equations instead.

ans =

7*x^2 - 7*t*x^2 + 7/10

%part(b)

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dsolve ('Dy = 5*x*cos (y) ^2', 'y (0) = pi/4')

Warning: Support of character vectors and strings will be removed in a

future
release. Use sym objects to define differential equations instead.

ans =

atan(5*t*x + 1)

%part(c)
dsolve ('Dy = -y + exp (3*x)', 'y (0) = 2')

Warning: Support of character vectors and strings will be removed in a

future
release. Use sym objects to define differential equations instead.

ans =

exp(3*x) - exp(-t)*(exp(3*x) - 2)

%part(d)
dsolve ('Dy + 5*y = 35', 'y (0) = 4')

Warning: Support of character vectors and strings will be removed in a

future
release. Use sym objects to define differential equations instead.

ans =

7 - 3*exp(-5*t)

Example 2.26
%Given the differential equation
%dd(x)/ddt+ 7dx/dt + 5x = 8 u(t) t ? 0
%find
%(a) x(t) when all the initial conditions are zero
%(b) x(t) when x (0) = 1 and x(0) = 2.

%parT(a)
x = dsolve ('D2x = -7*Dx -5*x + 8', 'x(0) = 0')

Warning: Support of character vectors and strings will be removed in a

future
release. Use sym objects to define differential equations instead.

x =

C1*exp(t*(29^(1/2)/2 - 7/2)) - exp(-t*(29^(1/2)/2 + 7/2))*(C1 + 8/5) +

8/5

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%part(b)
x = dsolve ('D2x = -7*Dx -5*x + 8', 'x (0) = 1', 'Dx (0) = 2')

Warning: Support of character vectors and strings will be removed in a

future
release. Use sym objects to define differential equations instead.

x =

exp(-t*(29^(1/2)/2 + 7/2))*(29^(1/2)/290 - 3/10) -

(29^(1/2)*exp(t*(29^(1/2)/2 - 7/2))*(3*29^(1/2) + 1))/290 + 8/5

Example 2.27
%Given the differential equation
%ddx/ddt+ 12dx/dt+ 15x = 35t ? 0
%(a) x(t) when all the initial conditions are zero
%(b) x(t) when x (0) = 0 and x(0) = 1.

%solution:

%part(a)
x = dsolve ('D2x = -12*Dx -15*x +35', 'x (0) = 0')

Warning: Support of character vectors and strings will be removed in a

future
release. Use sym objects to define differential equations instead.

x =

C1*exp(t*(21^(1/2) - 6)) - exp(-t*(21^(1/2) + 6))*(C1 + 7/3) + 7/3

%part(b)
x = dsolve ('D2x = -12*Dx -15*x + 35', 'x (0) = 0', 'Dx (0) = 1')

Warning: Support of character vectors and strings will be removed in a

future
release. Use sym objects to define differential equations instead.

x =

exp(-t*(21^(1/2) + 6))*((13*21^(1/2))/42 - 7/6) -

(21^(1/2)*exp(t*(21^(1/2) - 6))*(7*21^(1/2) + 39))/126 + 7/3

Example 2.28
%Find the inverse of the following matrix
%A = [s 2 0 ; 2 s – 3 ; 3 0 1] ;

%solution:
syms s;

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A = [s 2 0 ; 2 s -3 ; 3 0 1] ;
inv (A)

ans =

[ s/(s^2 - 22), -2/(s^2 - 22), -6/(s^2 - 22)]

[ -11/(s^2 - 22), s/(s^2 - 22), (3*s)/(s^2 - 22)]
[ -(3*s)/(s^2 - 22), 6/(s^2 - 22), (s^2 - 4)/(s^2 - 22)]

Example 2.29
%Expand the following function F(s) into partial fractions using
MATLAB.
%Determine the inverse Laplace transform of F(s).
%F(s) =1/(s +5s^3 +7s^2)
%The MATLAB program for determining the partial-fraction expansion is
given below:

%solution:
b = [0 0 0 0 1];
a = [1 5 7 0 0];
[r, p, k] = residue (b, a)
syms s
f = 1/(s^4 + 5*s^3 + 7*s^2);
ilaplace (f)

r =

5.1020e-02 - 6.4805e-02i
5.1020e-02 + 6.4805e-02i
-1.0204e-01 + 0.0000e+00i
1.4286e-01 + 0.0000e+00i

p =

-2.5000e+00 + 8.6603e-01i
-2.5000e+00 - 8.6603e-01i
0.0000e+00 + 0.0000e+00i
0.0000e+00 + 0.0000e+00i

k =

[]

ans =

t/7 + (5*exp(-(5*t)/2)*(cos((3^(1/2)*t)/2) +
(11*3^(1/2)*sin((3^(1/2)*t)/2))/15))/49 - 5/49

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Example 2.30
%Expand the following function F(s) into partial fractions using
MATLAB.
%Determine the inverse Laplace transform of F(s).
%F(s) = (5s^2 + 3s + 6)/(s^4 +3s^3 +7s^2 +12)

%solution:
b = [0 0 5 3 6];
a = [1 3 7 9 12];
[r, p, k] = residue(b, a)

r =

-5.3571e-01 - 1.0394e+00i
-5.3571e-01 + 1.0394e+00i
5.3571e-01 - 1.8558e-01i
5.3571e-01 + 1.8558e-01i

p =

-1.5000e+00 + 1.3229e+00i
-1.5000e+00 - 1.3229e+00i
8.3267e-17 + 1.7321e+00i
8.3267e-17 - 1.7321e+00i

k =

[]

syms s
f = (5*s^2 + 3*s +6)/(s^4 + 3*s^3 + 7*s^2 + 9*s +12);
ilaplace(f)

ans =

(15*cos(3^(1/2)*t))/14 + (3*3^(1/2)*sin(3^(1/2)*t))/14 - (15*exp(-

(3*t)/2)*(cos((7^(1/2)*t)/2) - (11*7^(1/2)*sin((7^(1/2)*t)/2))/15))/14

Example 2.31
%the following function F(s):
%F(s) =(s^4 + 3s^3 + 5s^2 + 7s + 25)/(s^4 + 5s^3 + 20s^2 + 40s + 45)
%Using MATLAB, find the partial-fraction expansion of F(s). Also, find
the inverse Laplace

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%transformation of F(s).

%solution:
num = [ 1 3 5 7 25];
den = [1 5 20 40 45];
[r, p, k] = residue(num, den)

r =

-1.3849e+00 + 1.2313e+00i
-1.3849e+00 - 1.2313e+00i
3.8485e-01 - 4.7018e-01i
3.8485e-01 + 4.7018e-01i

p =

-8.5543e-01 + 3.0054e+00i
-8.5543e-01 - 3.0054e+00i
-1.6446e+00 + 1.3799e+00i
-1.6446e+00 - 1.3799e+00i

k =

Example 2.32
%Obtain the partial-fraction expansion of the following function using
%MATLAB:
%F(s) =8(s +1)(s + 3)/((s +2)(s + 4)(s + 6)^2)

%solution:
num = conv([8 8], [1 3]);
den = conv([1 6 8], [1 12 36]);
[r, p, k] = residue(num, den)

r =

3.2500e+00
1.5000e+01
-3.0000e+00
-2.5000e-01

p =

-6.0000e+00
-6.0000e+00
-4.0000e+00

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-2.0000e+00

k =

[]

Example 2.33
%Find the Laplace transform of the following function using MATLAB.
%(a) f(t) = 7t3 cos (5t + 60°)
%(b) f(t) = – 7te– 5t
%(c) f(t) = – 3 cos 5t
%(d) f(t) = t sin 7t
%(e) f(t) = 5 e–2t cos 5t
%(f) f(t) = 3 sin(5t + 45?)
%(g) f(t) = 5 e–3t cos(t – 45?)

%solution:

%part(a)
syms t
f = 7 * t^3*cos(5*t + (pi/3));
laplace(f)

ans =

(7*3^(1/2)*((120*s)/(s^2 + 25)^3 - (240*s^3)/(s^2 + 25)^4))/2 + 21/

(s^2 + 25)^2 - (168*s^2)/(s^2 + 25)^3 + (168*s^4)/(s^2 + 25)^4

%part(b)
syms t x
f = -7*t*exp(-5*t);
laplace(f, x)

ans =

-7/(x + 5)^2

%part(c)
syms t x
f = -3*cos(5*t);
laplace(f, x)

ans =

-(3*x)/(x^2 + 25)

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%part(d)
syms t x
f = t*sin(7*t);
laplace(f, x)

ans =

(14*x)/(x^2 + 49)^2

%part(e)
syms t x
f = 5*exp(-2*t)*cos(5*t);
laplace(f, x)

ans =

(5*(x + 2))/((x + 2)^2 + 25)

%part(f)
syms t x
f = 3*sin(5*t + (pi/4));
laplace(f, x)

ans =

(3*((2^(1/2)*x)/2 + (5*2^(1/2))/2))/(x^2 + 25)

%part(g)
syms t x
f = 5*exp(-3*t)*cos(t -(pi/4));
laplace(f, x)

ans =

(5*2^(1/2))/(2*((x + 3)^2 + 1)) + (5*2^(1/2)*(x + 3))/(2*((x + 3)^2 +

1))

Example 2.34
%Generate partial-fraction expansion of the following function
%F(s) =(10^5(s + 7)(s + 13))/(s(s + 25)(s + 55)(s^2 + 7s 75)(s^2 + 7s
+ 45))

%solution
numg=poly([-7 -13]);
numg = poly([-7 -13]);
deng = poly([0 -25 -55 roots([1 7 75])' roots([1 7 45])']);

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[numg, deng] = zp2tf(numg', deng', 1e5);

Gtf =([numg,deng]);
Gtf = tf([numg,deng]);
G = zpk(Gtf);
[r, p, k] = residue(numg,deng)

r =

3.3553e-22
-1.4004e-20
2.5402e-19
-1.8707e-18
1.6209e-18
-1.3691e-21
-3.5745e-36
1.0794e-20

p =

4.6406e+06
1.4250e+06
3.0295e+05
3.3610e+04
2.6640e+03
9.4000e+01
1.0000e+00
0

k =

[]

Example 2.35
%Determine the inverse Laplace transform of the following functions
using
%MATLAB.
%(a) F(s) =s/s(s + 2)(s + 6)
%(b) F(s) = 1/s^2(s+5)
%(c) F(s) = (3s + 1)/(s^2+ 2s + 9)
%(d) F(s) = (s-25)/s(s^2 + 3s + 20)

%solution:

%part(a)
syms s
f = s/(s*((s + 2)*(s + 6)));
ilaplace(f)

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 LAB 3_ Ayman Tawfiq Abdulbak-
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ans =

exp(-2*t)/4 - exp(-6*t)/4

%part(b)
syms s
f = 1/((s^2)*(s + 5));
ilaplace(f)

ans =

t/5 + exp(-5*t)/25 - 1/25

%part(c)
syms s
f = (3*s + 1)/(s^2 + 2*s + 9);
ilaplace(f)

ans =

3*exp(-t)*(cos(2*2^(1/2)*t) - (2^(1/2)*sin(2*2^(1/2)*t))/6)

%part(d)
syms s
f = (s -25)/(s*(s^2 + 3*s + 25));
ilaplace(f)

ans =

exp(-(3*t)/2)*(cos((91^(1/2)*t)/2) +
(5*91^(1/2)*sin((91^(1/2)*t)/2))/91) - 1

Example 2.36
%Find the inverse Laplace transform of the following function
usingMATLAB.
%G(s) =(s^2 + 9s + 7)(s + 7)/(s + 2)(s^2 + 3)(s + 12s + 150).

%solution:
syms s
G = (s^2 + 9*s +7)*(s + 7)/[(s + 2)*(s + 3)*(s^2 + 12*s + 150)];
pretty(G)
g = ilaplace(G);
pretty(g)

2
(s + 7) (s + 9 s + 7)
---------------------------------

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 LAB 3_ Ayman Tawfiq Abdulbak-
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2
(s + 2) (s + 3) (s + 12 s + 150)

exp(-3 t) 44 exp(-2 t) 7
------------ - -----------
123 26

/ 2667 sqrt(114) sin(sqrt(114) t) \

exp(-6 t) | cos(sqrt(114) t) + ------------------------------- |
2915
\ 55385 /
+
---------------------------------------------------------------------
3198

Example 2.37
%Generate the transfer function using MATLAB.
%G(s) = 3(s + 9)(s + 21)(s + 57)/s(s + 30)(s^2 + 5s + 35)(s^2 + 28s +
42)
%(a) the ratio of factors
%(b) the ratio of polynomials

%solution:
%Gzpk = zpk([-9 -21 -57] , [0 -30 roots([1 5 35]) roots([1 28 42])],3)
%Gp = tf(Gzpk)

Example 2.38
%Generate the transfer function using MATLAB.
%G(s) = (s^4 +20s^3+27s^2 +17s+35)/(s^5 + 8s^4+ 9s^3 + 20s^2 + 29s +
32).
%(a) the ratio of factors
%(b) the ratio of polynomials

%solution:
Gtf = tf([1 20 27 17 35] , [1 8 9 20 29 32])
Gzpk = zpk(Gtf)

Gtf =

s^4 + 20 s^3 + 27 s^2 + 17 s + 35

----------------------------------------
s^5 + 8 s^4 + 9 s^3 + 20 s^2 + 29 s + 32

Continuous-time transfer function.

Gzpk =

(s+18.59) (s+1.623) (s^2 - 0.214s + 1.16)

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------------------------------------------------------
(s+7.057) (s^2 + 1.969s + 1.71) (s^2 - 1.025s + 2.652)

Continuous-time zero/pole/gain model.

Published with MATLAB® R2020a

64