System of trneay algebraic equations ; a Po & Connidey a syctem of n Linean algebsarc equations mM on unknowns Ayn) + Aprw, + = dinatn= SF Cay % + A22% + - ~ + Aon An- by 6 ' i Any) + Anz %> + + Ann Xn= bp, corer Ce y= 2,-- n) me the known coffis, See) ane) the Kou? veluet and Wye 12-7) one the yunknowhe 4 be delermined In the matix notation, the 4ytem () com be wovtey an (>) -—@ The matsix palb] 1 calted the aug ment ed| mahix- It Is formed = appending the column & +o the nxn mabix A. +4 all by are zero then the system of equations (7) ig said +o be chomogencol, and tt at feat one of bi 18 not zeo then rf 1s said +o be ty homo. The intomegenesu syslem (D has q unsque caltcten AL tue determinan} of A jg nonzed, 1¢@del cA)= ann Qn) an2 The calution ef the sysiem (@) may be con Me nb The “homo gene ow Aystem Che= 0 ge 2 - onky a tsivial solutioy -n) possemes M= A= - H+ dd cayso. Now, we will we tne foslewing methodle +o colvp cuth Line alyebrare equectons. Disecd method: tnauss eliminahon meth od] Limahve method, (nay - ceidel method .Disect methods . “Thue methods produce tne exact colytgn afte a finile numbs of cleps” The sytem of equatom (2) Anv=b com be arsectty solved in te following capes. () A= D= dia tonal matiix 9 f orden n- The egudfion (2) become An Hy =) ns A> = De, Onn Une by The saluhos 1£ given by) bi an Aa= phe 12-2, Wee 2 te oeey, (7) Az Le Lowe trangula matrx of order x the equatons @ may be wolen a On x, = 6, Aa) My + 425 A> = by Any p+ Anew, + - + Onn Ay bycalving the fist equafon avd then Su cceHy vol Saving sine ceconf, turd andl 0 0, we obtedy hi ae ant Ho= (by - 21%) whee Grito vi2,-° 4 since the unkwowys me Salved ba forwarnel subg tubo), tna metned calbadle foswona] subshtuhon method - (ii) fl= U= upper riang ul oy max of ordn nh the system of equatww ( become On i+ Aix «>> +in% = by Garp + - © ADnMm= by Ann Ay= b Selvin foe tne un Khowhs a fs: . ‘ in the xd ey on, yy 9H, if) asl] f. ane Mn) = C bn An-)p2n ) ; hn is, Ons n- : a - hy ehen Gey 7) ia ee Unknowhs ne calved 4 back subst tuteh and tins ds called the back subst tution method .: ; (nau elimination method - Here, 4ne unknowns "ae elrminal ed bs combin™na eu actions suth thal the on equaffoys Mm n unknowys one seduced fo an equivalen| upper driangulan Aystem whith 16 thes salved by back cubctitutoy method : Couide te 2x3 xyctem Gy + Gin% + Az%= 4, 9 Aoi) 4 O22M2 + 43%3> b, 0 Oz) %, + 432 4, + 33 9,- 6, 0: tn te -finsd stag ¢ of elrminahon multiby e fisst vow in @ aa ot and Ay oekh. 0 W and subtract from tue second and eh Siler we gd @) Goo Xo + a 3 = ae Mot oe aie : | @ ; oy oy whee pe Qo. S Soy MM , dae. O22 - —_— D yg 4 ge ) an On @ Bes O22 = a2 , aan One 3) a, fl an b) r Pee yg Oy del Zz an V Basin an aiestep@ th the second ctage of elymin aden mes. His trad a nwo m by 0 and shbhad fy the second cow ps @ a, 1 We gf (3) GB) a, Hg = b, ® whee og) 2 a) 0) 33 = 43,5 es G) (2) en bs = b - = Ke collecting me fixed equaftn from each step, te from © & and @ we obtain ter systow () ) () y @met, + iy SoC ae f 2 a, Hy + ay? M3 > © @ (3) @) 43, X= by ( A wher al) = as) . bls by DUS as The Aysiem ® uw an upbe trang wl Ayslem anf can be colved wing sue back substtution method. Jhenepae , tae thaws Oliminahon medthed gives i tale) aoeie [vle] —G)Shoe he 6 ja augmented matox . he elemend dno a and a which have aed 17 be non-ze0 me ee pivot dlemenls- Te eliwinahed psocedup described qbove to clefermine thr unkhowbs 7 cettleal fhe lraus efimmnafren method. we “Wiad also make -the pivel ay 1 befove elimi nachos, aj euch seb. AL tne end of tne obiminafion puocedue, we psoclu 1 af each of ne positow of the diagone) elemends. —> Wwe now cave tht 4ycfem ( th 1 unknowh by perferming the (aus elrmninatoy on fre augmented mahi E Alb]. denote (3) ) ee Oe yy et, Re Eee “me dhements ds) with 4 )> \k ce opven a (3) ey) ae Ase (kK) Mey = OF) ~~ ey ey kek Be Ke A jaa ealh an he dri y : whue a = As) ne eliminator ib pei fermec! in (n-1) steps, ie PeEe th the elrminahen proces, H any one ops pivet elements a, ae ea a” vanithe oy * bewmy veny smal) tompaue Teoh that ew calumny, then we atempt te ¥easvange The Semuinrng gene so at fo obdeulh & hon- vanishing pivot ov +o avord -the multi blicahoy by a tavge number. Thi shalegy 16 cal eo} pivoting . The pivoting sof He fellawing 4wo ty he. Patti at Pry gunoy tn the fist step of ebiminchon the fis} column is searches! fer tip Lorgert chemenl wi mag nitude and bought ay the fr} pivote by mntex changany tne first equechor wrth the eg having Ant ag ademen! 1b rece teal tn tne Second eliminator step, fre secon] column 18 geqrcheo) for tne Sass ee) element th magnitede ermony the (n-1) elements Aeaving tue first element — gnel thin efemen 1 Ieought ay tue secon five: by an rnferc henge of the secoval gob wrth tne euch having. th Aaxa-es| elemen} ty mag nitade . Th foocedure 15 continued until we arive at tue eqts ©~. we one tou ted fo following ye fee the prve} rte ry v chet ay Ane small in : a Ni! = mix | Orel p Heren ov ee rows K elements ji,Complete pivoting» we search tit mafrx A eS x the davg ex} element 19 vag ni tuck and bring A 83 tne fort pivel . Tho sequirel not only ay inberchany ¢ of equectos bud also ay rnterchunae of thy positron of tue yarrabley. Tn Leads us to tue flowing al goutim te find tne bivet theese f anel m as the smaller! sntegers for whith (k) | Gym | ens [ ary ] . ket yen unl interchange ws k and Lf and columns k and w. Notes rf the mahix A 1s diagonally alominan) ae, weal, Aymmetrit andl postive definite tery no prueting we neccedany .bO: Solve equahong 10%) —% + da, = + ny +10M, = N3 cg AN) + 342 + 20%,- 4 ae Ht thous elrminahon method: Sof”) Tht system 15 diagonal! dominant and no pivoting 1s necewmy. we have after tor fist eliminahos step 10%, -H, +2%, = 4 lo} 26 =H, —12 4, — oe) aia 32%, + 104 = 62 yo 7 [0 % 10 Second elimination sie} [0% — % 4+ 2Mg= 4 Laing back substituboi we ‘ge tie ote y= 0-269. HX, = 0-289 al 1,- 0.335> Salve tne eg uahons 7 7 ¥ WU Mota tge 6 Bt) +3Uz 4 4%,- 20 BM + Wo + 3yig= | f 3= 13 Using tne (aud elrminahod methee) so” In the firs) step we ebimindde x, from the | Jat fo equatow ano) ob{u'y Ait + We 4 nes -—Az4%,5 | Hee , tae bived in 4ue seconel eq\ 1S Z 0 qne| $0 we comm} proceed uy ual. we merchange tee edis | as aml 3 hefeve tHe skeowsl ste}. we obtain tne uber ha any ual & stem 7 WAM, F WH 6 =U, +132 J Azad aml Ngo 2DExh Salve the system of equations Ati, —% = 3 AN +3My + 20Ng> 4 Jom, - A, + AX = 4 Rena tna aus elimination with Pant of pivoting. Solution . we have the ang mentes] mahrx ae 1 10 7 a Ee} ey io) ih ie formato We perfosm the foblowing elementary sous Pear tourmahons and do tht ebeminahan, © [ 16 = 20 ala Rio Q: | 2 eee ) lo J , Ror? BR, - a aoe Ae R, > Ra - ey 5 BQ 196: g.2 CT Ka Ce: ST 2: 4 © 10.) -Pa: Q¢ O 32-2 196: b2 MhCee et R -32@: ae oar R.: ee eer ae 0 0 19.902: 5-34 624 Back cubsttuhon give the coluhon, issile pias 3 "Oh Ses pied eer meicore - 19.9802 as Seen ay, a [ase ha) ost 2 i. [as+ ay 0:26908} - 0-28940 o-} = Favs} equator gvYG 1 [44% ot!) = jo & a . p+ eonasgte 2x0 0098) M- 0:34512 ) EXb®: godve the sytem of equahon mee QA t M4 MzZ-AGY= —10 th 494, 4 ME = 8 BA) + 2M, 4a%= F Hy $ 3% + BAZ Hy = -5 saa ithe tray eliminatioh with partal pivoting .The augment ed matix 15 given by a | I! = “10 4 6 2 (ane 3 oe By jy ¢ a ! 3 a cal =5 we berform ne ‘allowing elementary mow tah and do the elcminaf ou. 4 R, Ral: 2 3 ! R,>k- 3 Ry Ra By ZR, Ry > &- 24K, 4 Rot By : 5 6 ° 9-3 Re Re | | oO 2 i 8 | ( ee —l0 2 oF Oo: 4 2° cach 4 ° 2 ce oa 1 } “2. 14 f ~ O =! 2 % J oO 3 =5 , is 2 a = 4 Cae SS ae oe 3 Zz age Gi ah e 2 4. I ' o -&:-I4 2 o 2 1: 8 ae 3 3 Suey - 2 eC 2 I + eo jo -) -25. ~-35 Sa a2 fal Shed aeo 2 te g “S45 — aes i= Ps» 2 3% SH 7 . eel uta k 0 9 136. 97/3 coo + an back eabshtuho wy obtuh eee as (-Aje8 es Hef pean mq Je 8-3-8) = EXp®: Sasve tee system of equator Bry sMy + Pg= 20 AN) 4 AQ + 3%, = 13 MH + Mrt 2%yQ= 6 vey ane. (haw - eLrminahon with pon tral pony, The > mah 1 given by 20 i 6Verna bael cubshtchow, we ob fern a2 €3)*(4 ) = 3 = ! 4% -444(G)> % 3 e) = Nu 1 we wl)