K – MAP PROBLEMS

STEPS TO SOLVE EXPRESSION USING K-MAP

 Select K-map according to the number of variables.
 Identify minterms or maxterms as given in problem.
 For SOP put 1’s in blocks of K-map respective to the minterms (0’s
elsewhere).
 For POS put 0’s in blocks of K-map respective to the maxterms (1’s
elsewhere).
 Make rectangular groups containing total terms in power of two
like 2,4,8 ..(except 1) and try to cover as many elements as you
can in one group.
 From the groups made in step 5 find the product terms and sum
them up for SOP form.
Reduce the following function using K-Map Z= ∑A,B,C(1,3,6,7)

BC 01 11
A 00 10

0
0 1 3 2

1
4 5 7 6
Reduce the following function using K-Map Z= ∑A,B,C(1,3,6,7)

BC 01 11
A 00 10

0 0 1 1 0

1 0 0 1 1
Grouping of 1’S
 FINAL EXPRESSION
From red group we get product term—AC
From green group we get product term—AB
Summing these product terms we get-
Final expression (AC+AB)
Logical Diagram

Final expression (AC+AB)

 Reduce the following function using K-Map
F(P,Q,R,S)=∑(0,2,5,7,8,10,13,15)
RS
PQ 00 01 11 10

00
0 1 3 2

01
4 5 7 6

11
12 13 15 14

10
8 9 11 10
Reduce the following function using K-Map
F(P,Q,R,S)=∑(0,2,5,7,8,10,13,15)
00 01 11 10

00 1 0 0 1

01 0 1 1 0

11 0 1 1 0

10 1 0 0 1
Grouping of 1’S
 FINAL EXPRESSION
• From red group we get product term—QS
• From green group we get product term—QS
• Summing these product terms we get-
Final expression (QS+QS)
Reduce the following function using K-Map F(A,B,C)=π(0,3,6,7)

BC 01 11
A 00 10

0
0 1 3 2

1
4 5 7 6
Reduce the following function using K-Map F(A,B,C)=π(0,3,6,7)

BC 01 11
A 00 10

0 0 1 0 1

1 1 1 0 0
Reduce the following function using K-Map F(A,B,C)=π(0,3,6,7)

BC 01 11
A 00 10

0 0 1 0 1

1 1 1 0 0
 FINAL EXPRESSION
• From orange group we find terms
A B
• Taking complement of these two
A B
• Now sum up them
(A + B )
 FINAL EXPRESSION
• From green group we find terms
BC
• Taking complement of these two terms
BC
• Now sum up them
(B+C)
 FINAL EXPRESSION
• From brown group we find terms
A B C
• Taking complement of these two
ABC
• Now sum up them
(A + B + C)
 FINAL EXPRESSION
• We will take product of these three terms
Final expression
(A + B ) (B + C) (A + B + C)
LOGICAL DIAGRAM
 Reduce the following function using K-Map
F(A,B,C,D)=π(3,5,7,8,10,11,12,13)
CD 00 01 11 10
AB
00
0 1 3 2

01
4 5 7 6

11
12 13 15 14

10
8 9 11 10
 Reduce the following function using K-Map
F(A,B,C,D)=π(3,5,7,8,10,11,12,13)
CD
AB 00 01 11 10

00 1 1 0 1

01 1 0 0 1

11 0 0 1 1

10 1 1 0 0
 Reduce the following function using K-Map
F(A,B,C,D)=π(3,5,7,8,10,11,12,13)
CD
AB 00 01 11 10

00 1 1 0 1

01 1 0 0 1

11 0 0 1 1

10 1 1 0 0
 FINAL EXPRESSION
• From green group we find terms
C D B
• Taking their complement and summing them
(C+D+B)
 FINAL EXPRESSION
• From orange group we find terms
C D A
• Taking their complement and summing them
(C+D+A)
 FINAL EXPRESSION
• From blue group we find terms
A B C
• Taking their complement and summing them
(A+B+C)
 FINAL EXPRESSION
• From brown group we find terms
A B C
• Taking their complement and summing them
(A+B+C)
 FINAL EXPRESSION
Finally we express these as product
(C+D+B).(C+D+A).(A+B+C).(A+B+C)

Always remember POS ≠ (SOP)’

The correct form is (POS of F)=(SOP of F’)’
Realize the truth table using K-map
Realize the truth table using K-map
Realize the truth table using K-map

Y=C
 CD 00 01 11 10
AB

00

01

11

10
 F(A,B,C,D)=π(3,5,7,8,10,11,12,13)
CD 00 01 11 10
AB

00 × 1 1 ×

01 × 0 1 0

11 0 0 1 0

10 0 0 1 0
 FINAL EXPRESSION

Y=AB+CD
Simplify the logic function
F(A,B,C,D)=Σm(0,1,2,5,6,8)+d(3,4,7,14)
using K-map in sop and pos
 SOP
CD 00 01 11 10
AB

00 1 1 × 1

01 × 1 × 1

11 0 0 0 ×

10 1 0 0 0
Y=A+BCD+BCD
LOGICAL DIAGRAM(SOP)
 POS
CD 00 01 11 10
AB

00 1 1 × 1

01 × 1 × 1

11 0 0 0 ×

10 1 0 0 0
 POS

Y=(C+D)(A+C)(A+D)(B+C+D)
LOGICAL DIAGRAM(POS)