MATHEMATICS

MATERIAL FOR GRADE 12

PROBABILITY

MEMORANDA
COMPILED BY EXPERTS: K. NCUBE & T. MJIKWA

1|Page
QUESTION 1

1.1.1 Three places to fill by 4, 7 or 9 and each time a digit is

used, there is an opportunity to use it again. There are 3
possibilities to fill 3 places each time, hence there are
3 × 3 × 3 = 27 possible ways to create the code. Answer (1)
1.1.2 3 × 2 × 1 =3!=6 ways Answer (1)
1.2  6 Mathematics books can fill six places
 5 Physical Sciences books can fill 5 places
 Books cannot occupy more than 1 place 6! ×5!
 Both Mathematics and Physical Sciences books can
be put together hence there are two ways to make the
arrangements.
The arrangements of books on the shelve are … 2!
6!×5! ×2! =172 800 Answer (3)
1.3 Positive Not Positive
Male 7 48 55
Female 3 42 45
10 90 100

1.3.1 7 Answer (1)

𝑃(𝑀 ∩ 𝑃+ ) = 100

1.3.2 7 Method
𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝑃+ ) = 100 × 50000000 = 3 500 000 no of
7
possible infected males 𝑃(𝑀 ∩ 𝑃+ ) = 100 (2)
1.3.3 3 1 Answer (2)
𝑃(𝑃+ \𝐹) = 45 = 15
1.3.4 𝑃(𝑀∩𝑃 + ) 7 Answer (3)
𝑃(𝑀\𝑃+ ) =  = 10
𝑃(𝑀) [13]

2|Page
QUESTION 2

2.1 P (A and 𝐵) = P(A) × 𝑃(𝐵) ✓ subst. into

= 0,4 × 0,5 ✓ formula
= 0,2 answer (2)
2.2 P( A or 𝐵) = P(A) = P(B) – P(A and B) ✓ subst. into
= 0,4 + 0,5 – 0,2 ✓ formula
= 0,7 answer (2)
2.3 P (not A and not B) = 1 – P (A or B) ✓ formula
= 1 – 0,7 ✓ subst. into
= 0,3 formula
✓
answer (3)
[7]

QUESTION 3

3.1 7! = 5040 ✓ 7! (2)

✓ answer

3.2 Girls seated together in 4! ways. ✓ 4! ways for girls

With the girls as one unit they can all ✓ 4! ways for others
enter in 4! 4! ways = 576 with girls as unit (3)
✓
answer
3.3 576
= 0,11428 =11,43% ✓ 0,11 or 11,43% (1)
5040

3.4 The girls can sit in 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 ways. ✓ 4! ways

The boys can sit in 3 × 2 × 2 ways ✓
the group can sit in 4 × 3 × 3 × 2 × 3! ways
2 × 1 × 1 = 144 ways. (3)
✓
Probability
144 answer
= 5040 = 0,028571 = 2,86%

[9]

3|Page
QUESTION 4

4.1.1 P(boy, tennis or squash)

18 20 18 20
   
120 120 120 120
19

19  or 0,32
60
60
(2)
 0,32
4.1.2 41 41
P(learner , tennis)   or 0,34
120 120
 0,34 (1)
4.1.3 50 5 50 5
P( girl )    0, 42  or or 0, 42
120 12 120 12
(1)
4.2 32 4 32 4
P(boy and golf )    0, 27  or or 0, 27
120 15 120 15
70 44 77 70 44
P(boy ). P( golf )  .   0, 21  .
120 120 360 120 120
 0, 27  0, 21 
77
or 0, 21
 Not independent 360
 not independent
(4)
[8]

QUESTION 5

5.1.1 14!  8,72  1010  14! or 8,72  1010

(1)
5.1.2 4! 5! 3! 4! 2!  829 440  4! 5! 3! 4! 2!
 829 440
(2)
5.2.1 PROBABILITY  11!
11!  2! 2!
 9 979 200  answer
2! 2!
(3)
5.2.2 10! 10!
 907 200 
2! 2! 2! 2!
 907 200
(2)
[8]

4|Page
QUESTION 6

6.1.1 3 1 5 5 (1)
𝑃(𝐴 or 𝐵) = 8 + 4 = 8 8
6.1.2 3 1 3  𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) or
𝑃(𝐴 and 𝐵) = × = 3
8 4 32 𝑃(𝐴 and 𝐵) =
32
3 1 3
𝑃(𝐴 or 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 and 𝐵) = + −
8 4 32  𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) +
17 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
= 17 (3)
32  32
6.2.1 VW
VW;VW
13
31

14 Tree diagram
VW
32 (branches)
18
BMW
31
VW;BMW
VW BMW;VW
14
31
18
BMW 18
 32 × 31
17
32
17
BMW
31
153
BMW;BMW  496 ≈ 0,31
(4)
18 17 153
𝑃(both BMW) = × = ≈ 0,31
32 31 496
6.2.1 18 14 63 18 14
𝑃(BMW … VW) = × = ≈ 0,25  32 × 31
32 31 248
63
 248 ≈ 0,25
(2)
6.3.1 𝑛(𝐸) = 7.13! .6  𝑛(𝐸) = 7.13! .6
𝑛(𝑆) = 15! 𝑛(𝑆) = 15!
𝑛(𝐸) 7.13! .6 1
𝑃(𝐸) = = = 1
𝑛(𝑆) 15! 5  (3)
5
6.3.2 𝑛(𝐸) = 8! 7!  𝑛(𝐸) = 8! 7!
𝑛(𝑆) = 15! 𝑛(𝐸) 8!7!
 𝑃(𝐸) = 𝑛(𝑆) = 15!
𝑛(𝐸) 8! 7! 1
𝑃(𝐸) = = = 
1
𝑛(𝑆) 15! 6435 6435 (3)
[16]

5|Page
QUESTION 7

7.1.1 88  167770216 ways MERAFONG  8 8 (2)

7.1.2 1!6!1! 1!6 6 !1! 1!6!1!

P( R...N )  P( R...N )  
8! 88 8!

6! 1!6 6  1!
 
8! 88
1
1 729 
  56
56 262144
OR 1 1
 
8 7
P R....N  
1 1 1
  1
8 7 56  (2)
56
7.1.3 3! x 6 6 3
Pa, e, o   Pa, e, o  
3! x 6!  3! ;  6! 
8! 88 28
 3!  6 6  0,02 (3)
3
=  0,02
28
OR
Pa, e, o  
3! x 5! x 6
8!
3
=
28
7.2.1

P S and G   0,3

P S not G   0,4

P G   0,1

 U /(S or G)  0,2

(4)

7.2.2 a) P( S ' )  0,3 answer (1)

b) PS and G  '  0,7 answer (1)

c) PS or G   0,8 answer (1)
11.2.1. [14]

6|Page
QUESTION 8

8.1.1 150 Aanswer (1)

8.1.2(a) 70 7 Aanswer (1)

P(Male )  
150 15

8.1.2(b) 80 8 Aanswer (1)

P(Eating Chocolate)  
150 15

8.1.3 45 AP(male eating chocolate )

P(Male eating chocolate)   0,3
150
P(Male) P(Eating chocolate)
70 80 56 CA P(Male) x P(eating
    0,249
150 150 225 chocolate) value

P(Male and Eating chocolate)

P(Male) P(Eating chocolate)

Events are not independent (3)

CAconclusion

8.2.1 6 x 7 x 7 x 7 = 2058 A6 x 7 x 7 x 7 (2)

A2058

8.2.2 6 x 6 x 5 x 4 = 720 A6 x 6 x 5 x 4 (2)

A720

8.2.3 Four digit codes divisible by 5:- A6 x 7 x7 x 1

6 x 7 x 7 x 1 = 252 A252

Probability of a four-digit code divisible by 5

252 6
=   0,1224  12,24 %
2058 49
CAanswer (3)

[13]

7|Page
QUESTION 9

9.1 9.1.1
✓ P (M and K) correctly
M K placed/ (4)
✓
0,3
0,2 0,2 0,3
Placing P (not M and
not K) correctly
✓
placing 0,3 for P (K
P(M) = 0,4 only)
✓

calculating P(M)
9.1.2 ✓
P (M) × 𝑃(𝐾) = 0, 4 × 0, 5 =, 2 ✓ P (M) × 𝑃(𝐾) = 0.2
= 𝑃(K and M) P(K and M) = P (M) ×
✓
so the events are independent 𝑃(𝐾) (3)
Conclusion
9.2 9.2.1 7! = 5040 ✓✓ answer (2)
9.2.2 Koketso and Marvin can sit together in ✓✓ 2!
2!6! ways
6!
they will not sit together in 7! – 2! 6! ✓
ways/ (4)
✓ 7! – 2! 6!
= 3600 answer
9.2.3 1 ✓✓ answer (2)
6
[15]

8|Page
QUESTION 10

10.1 First event:

5/10 ET M ET  M 4/7; TM 3/7

M MT M MT Second event:
3/10  M: ET 5/10; MT 3/10;
4/7 2/10 CT M CT CT 2/10

ET TM ET  TM: ET 4/10;
3/7 4/10 MT 5/10; CT 1/10
TM 5/10 MT TM MT
 outcomes
1/10 CT TM CT (4)

10.2.1 3 5  3. 5
P(TM and MT)  . 7 10
7 10
3  3 or 0,21
 14
14 (2)
10.2.2 4 5 3 4  4. 5
P(ET)  .  . 7 10
7 10 7 10
3 4
16  .
  0, 46 7 10
35 16
 or 0,46
35
(3)
[9]

QUESTION 11

11.1.1 106  1 000 000  10

6
or 1 000 000
(1)
11.1.2 (8)(7)(6)(5)  (8)(7)(6)(5)
 1680  1680
(2)
OR
8 P4
 8 P4
 1680
 1680
(2)
11.2 10!  (9!)(2!)  10!
 3 628 800  725 760  (9!)(2!)
 2 903 040  answer
(3)
[6]

9|Page
QUESTION 12

# SUGGESTED ANSWER DESCRIPTORS

Ma
12.1.1 147 49 147 49
𝑃(female and/∩ green eyes) = = = 27,22% or 180 or 27,22%
540
540 180
 Answer
(2)
12.1.2 For events to be independent:
𝑃(female and/∩ green eyes)
= 𝑃(green eyes) × 𝑃(female)  P(green eyes) = 330/540
330 240 22
𝑃(green eyes) × 𝑃(female) = × =  P(female) = 240/540
540 540 81
= 0,27
 0,27
147 49
𝑃(female and/∩ green eyes) = = = 0,27  P(female and/∩ green eyes) =
540 180
0,27 (5)
∴ 𝑃(female and/∩ green eyes)
= 𝑃(green eyes) × 𝑃(female)  Deduction

Events are independent and the learner is correct.

Alternative

For events to be independent:

𝑃(male and/∩ green eyes)  P(green eyes) = 330/540 (5)
= 𝑃(green eyes) × 𝑃(male)
330 300 55  P(male) = 300/540
𝑃(green eyes) × 𝑃(male) = × = = 0,34
540 540 162
 0,34
183 61
𝑃(male and/∩ green eyes) = = = 0,34  P(male and/∩ green eyes) = 0,34
540 180

𝑃(male and/∩ green eyes)  Deduction

= 𝑃(green eyes) × 𝑃(male)

Events are independent and the learner is correct.

10 | P a g e
12.2.1 10!  Numerator (3)
𝑛(𝑆) = = 151200 Denominator
2! × 2! × 3!
 Answer
12.2.2 8! 8!
 2!×2!
𝑛(𝐸) = = 10080
2! × 2!
10080 1 10080
∴ 𝑃(𝐸) = = 10080
151200 15 𝑃(𝐸) = 151200 (4)
 Answer
[14

11 | P a g e